2022-2023 学年高二上学期开学摸底考试英语试卷(新高考)(山东版)

按秘密级事项管理★启用前2022—2023学年高二上学期开学摸底考试英语试卷（新高考（ft东版）笔试部分注意事项：答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在本试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHighestMountainsintheWorldMountKilimanjaroMountKilimanjaro,adormant(休眠的)volcano,isthehighestmountaininAfrica.Itssummitis5,895metersabovesealevel.LocatedinTanzania,itisthelargestfree-standingmountainriseintheworld,meaningitisnotpartofamountainrange.Kilimanjaroismadeupofthreevolcanoes:Kibo,Mawenzi,andShira.Kiboisthesummitofthemountainandthetallestofthethreevolcanicformations.WhileMawenziandShiraareextinct,Kiboisdormantandcouldpossiblyeruptagain.MountEverestMountEverestisthehighestmountaininAsiaandthehighestmountainintheworld.Itssummitis8,848.86metersabovesealevel.ItislocatedintheHimalayaMountainRangeontheborderofNepalandChina.TheChinesenameisChomolungma,whichmeans“MotherGoddessoftheWorld”.TheNepalinameisSagarmatha,whichhasvariousmeanings.DenaliDenaliisthehighestmountaininNorthAmerica.Itssummitis6,193metersabovesealevel.ItislocatedintheUSA,inthestateofAlaska.“Denali”comesfromKoyukon,atraditionalnativeAlaskanlanguage,andmeans“thetallone”.Thisnamehadbeenusedformanygenerationsandwasusedbyearlynon-nativeresearchersandnaturalists.Butin1896,WilliamA.Dickey,aprospector(),begancallingDenali“MountMcKinley”,inhonorofWilliamMcKinley,apresidentialcandidateatthetime.MountVinsonMountVinsonisthehighestmountainonAntarctica.Itssummitis5,140metersabovesealevel.ItislocatedinthesummitplateauofVinsonMassif,nearthebaseofthePalmerPeninsulainwesternAntarctica.MountVinsonispartoftheSentinelRangeoftheEllsworthMountains.ItwasspottedfromtheairbyU.S.pilotLincolnEllsworthin1935.WhyisKibothemostdangerousoneamongthethreevolcanoes?Itisthehighestofthethreevolcanoes.Itiscoveredwithsnowallthroughtheyear.Itishometoagreatnumberofwildanimals.Itislikelytoeruptagainsometimesinthefuture.Whichmountainstandsbetweentwocountries?MountKilimanjaro. B.MountEverest.C.Denali. D.MountVinson.WhowasthefirsttodiscoverMountVinson?AJapanese. B.AnAustralian.C.AFrenchman. D.AnAmerican.BAsaseniorschoolgraduate,duringCOVID-19outbreak,I’vehadmanyconcerns,thegreatestoneofwhichwasbeingunabletohelpmycommunity,exceptforwearingmymask,followingthehealthofficials’guidelines,andassistingseniorstogettheirgroceries.Thenitstruckme.SolvingCOVID-19reliedonlyonindividualstepsandthegoodwillofhumanconsciousness.Butthenextchallengewehavetodealwithaheadisclimatechange,knownasthesilentpandemicwithoutavaccine(疫苗).So,allIcouldthinkofwas:Whydon’twedothesame,anddealwithitthroughoureverydayactivities?I’vecreatedanApp,EnRoute,tohelpreducecarbonemissions(排放)fromshoppingandtransportactivities.EventhoughI’venevercoded(编码)before,mywillwasgreaterthananyexcuseIcouldthinkof.Thefirstversionwasjustaone-screenApp.Throughthequarantines隔离),I’vehadonly70peopletotesttheconceptwithandcreatedlittleimpact.Plus,leadingasocialorganizationseemedlikeasmallboatinaroughseatome.Butinsteadofgivingup,Ichosetofillthegap.AndthecoolestthingisthatthemoreIwaslearning,themorepeoplegotinterestedintheidea.Througheveryleadershipprogram,IbuiltastrongerEnRouteCommunitywhereeachpersonwasequallypassionateandbravetomakeachange.Theirenthusiasmwasmygreatestfuel.AtleastItraveledacrosstheworldwithoutasinglecarbonemission.Fastforwardtotoday,throughEnRoute,over4,000peoplereducedmorethan150,000kgcarbonemissions.TheAppturnedintoaninternationalmovement.AndIevenhadthepleasuretobethefirst-everMacedonianGlobalTeenLeader+PrincessDianaAwardWinner.Itturnsoutthatexceptforbeingagoodtimetoreflectandrelax,bridgeyearscanbeapowerfultooltochangetheworldaswell!HowdidtheauthorfeelduringUpset.C.Worried.

Alarmed.D.Ignorant.WhatinspiredtheauthortocreatetheApp,EnRoute?Individualdevotiontopandemicprevention.SimilaritybetweencarbonemissionsandTheauthor’sinvolvementincommunityservice.Theinfluenceofhumanactivitiesonglobalwarming.WhatisthebenefitoftheApp?Itunitesmanycountries.Itgetsmanypeopletochange.Itinspirestheauthortoenjoyhimself.Itprovestheauthor’sabilitytochangeothers.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?Patientandselfless.Ableandoutgoing.Creativeandgenerous.Determinedandresponsible.COctopuses()inthewildhaveoftenbeenobservedchangingtheirskincolortocatchtheirfoodoravoidbeingcaught.Now,forthefirsttime,aresearcherhasshotanattractivevideoofanoctopuscalledHeidirapidlychangingintoaquantityofcolorswhiledreaming.Thevideo,partofOctopus:MakingContact,adocumentaryfirstshownonPBSonOctober2,2019,wasshotbyafishloverDavidScheel,whohasraisedHeidiinafishtanksinceshewasyoung.TheprofessoratAlaskaPacificUniversityinAnchoragebelievesthattheoctopus—whoseskinwentfrompalegraytoghostlywhitetodeep,darkviolet,beforechangingintoagreenish-browncamouflage(伪装)pattern—wasdreamingofcatchinghernextmeal.“She’sasleep;sheseesacrab(螃蟹),andhercolorstartstochangealittlebit,”Scheelsaysinthevideo.“Thensheturnsalldark.Octopuseswilldothatwhentheyleavethebottom.”Headds.“Thisisacamouflagelikeshe’sjustcaughtacrab,andnowshe’sgoingtositthereandeatit,andshedoesn’twantanyonetonoticeher.Ifshe’sdreaming,that’sthedream.”Scheel’stheoryaboutHeidi’spleasantdreamoriginatesfromthefactthatanimalswiththeabilitytocamouflagehaveneverbeenobservedchangingcolorssoabruptlywhilesleeping.Thehour-longdocumentary,whichtracksScheel’sdevelopingrelationshipwiththeoctopus,alsoshowsHeidi’sotherskills.Sheenjoysplayingwithsmalltoys,watchingtelevision—particularlyTheBigBangTheory—andsolvingpuzzles.Thetalentedoctopuscanalsoescapefromsmallspaces,usetools,andevenpressabuttononaremotecontrol.Likeanysmartfamilypet,HeidirecognizesScheelandhisteenagedaughterLauraandexcitedlyrushestohertank’ssideingreetingeverytimeeithercomesclose.Whatistheoctopusdoinginthevideo?Sleeping.C.Dining.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

B.Hunting.D.Hiding.TherelationshipbetweenScheelandHeidi.Theoctopus’dailyactivitiesinafishtank.Scheel’sguessingaboutthedreamofHeidi.Theresearchresultsaboutoctopuses’dream.Whatdoweknowaboutthedocumentary?Itrecordsanoctopus’dreamcontent.ItisfilmedandproducedbyLaura.Itshowsoctopuseschangecolorswhenhunting.ItisaboutanoctopusandherhostScheel.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?AFishLoverRaisesanAmazingOctopusADocumentaryaboutanOctopus’LifeHabitAnOctopusChangesColorsWhileSleepingAnImportantDiscoveryShownonPBSDDBuyingfurnitureiseasierthanever.Youcanevenorderanewtableandchairsonlinewithouteverleavinghome.Butdidyoueverthinkabouthowfurnitureismade?Theprocessbeginswithtreesbutnowresearchershavefoundabetterway:growingitinalabinsteadofaforest.Insteadofcuttingdowntreesandaddingtodeforestation(),said,“Ifyouwantatable,thenyoushouldjustgrowatable.”Theresearchgroupfoundawaytoactuallygrowplanttissue(组织)—woodandfiber—inalabthatissimilartothewayculturedmeatisgrown.Whilethereisstillalongwaytoactuallygrowatable,theteamwasabletogrowstructuresfromcellsfromzinnialeaves.Makingfurnitureandotheritemsfrombiomaterialscouldeliminatecuttingdowntreesinforests.“Thewaywegetthesematerialshasn’tchangedincenturiesandisveryinefficient,”saidVelásquez-García.“Thisisarealchancetoavoidallthatinefficiency.”Thereareotherbenefitstousinglabwoodtoo.Labgrownwoodcanbehandledtotakeonanyshape—like3Dprinting—soitmaybepossibletobuildatablewithoutglueorscrewingpartstogether.Beckwith,amechanicalengineeringPhDstudent,wasinspiredbyavisittoafarmtotrytomakeland-usemoreefficientandenvironmentallysound.“Thatgotmethinking:Canwebemorestrategicaboutwhatwe’regettingoutofourprocess?Canwegetmoreoutputsforourinputs?”shetoldMITNews.“Iwantedtofindamoreefficientwaytouselandandresourcessothatwecouldletmorefarmlandsremainwild,ortoremainlowerproductionbutallowforgreaterbiodiversity.”Today,thetwolargestusesoftreesaretomakewoodproductsandpaper.Whennewbiomaterialsbecomereadilyavailable,forestswilllosetheireconomicvalueandwillbepreservedfortheirenvironmental,health,andrecreationalvalue.Theseresearchers,likeVelásquez-García,arespeakingforthetrees.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgrowingfurnitureaccordingtoparagraph1?Itturnsouttobeconvenient. B.It’llcutdowndailyexpense.C.Itmighthaveabrightfuture. D.It’sasimportantasmakingfurniture.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”inparagraph3mean?Risk. B.Fancy.C.Remove. D.Delay.WhatisthepurposeofBeckwith’sgrowingfurniture?Tomakelargeprofits.Tokeepbiodiversity.Toincreaseproduction.Tousewildresources.What’sthekeytoprotectingforests?Wideuseofnewbiomaterials.Lessuseofwoodproductsandpaper.Makingeffectiveforestlaws.Caringmorefortheenvironment.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）余选项。UnusualweatherthissummerhashurtmanygardensintheUnitedStates.Formany,theproblemistoomuchrain.16Doyoustillwanttogrowtomatoes,rosesinthatsunnyplace?Itcanbedone.Wewilllookatthreewaysyoucanusetocorrecttheproblemoftoomuchwater.Onewayistodrain(排水)thewaterawaytosomelowerlocation.Thesimplestwayiswithaditch(沟),or,ifyourgardenislarge,afewditches.Ditchescrossingyourgardenneednotbeunpleasanttolookatortroublesome.Pictureagardeninwhichflatstoneslineditchesandformbridgesacrossditchesthatcrosspaths. 17 ThesewaterwaysmaylooklikeaclassicPersiangarden.18 Digaditch,asdescribedabove,thenlayinblackpipethatisabout10centimetersacrossitswidth.Availableathomeandbuildingstores,thepipeismadetobendeasily,andtheholesinitletinwater.Coverthepipewithapieceofcloththatwatercanpassthroughtokeepoutdirtandalayerofsmallstones. 19Athirdwaytogiveyourplantsmoreairistoraisethemabovethewater.Treesandbushescanbeplantedonraisedpilesofsoil,oftencalled“beds”.Thebedsneedtobewideenoughtoallowrootstospread. 20 Ifyouwantabiggerplant,giveitsrootsmoreroomtogrow.Tomakearaisedbed,buildaboxatleast15centimetershighofwoodorstone.Thenplacethesoil.Youhaveavarietyofplantstochoosefrom.Doyouwanttokeepyourgardenwhereitis?Doyouknowhowtoshelteryourgardeninthesun?Thewholesystemcanbeabeautifulwater“feature”.Howwidedependsontheeventualsizeoftheplant.Anotherwayistoburypipeswithsmallholesunderground.第二部分语言运用（30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AgirlfromMichiganisfightingformakinglawstobuildpublicrestroomsmoreaccessibleforthedisabled.GoodMorningAmericafirst21ZoeyHarrison’sstoryonTVin2018whenshehelpedsavetimeafterhermominventedtheBodycoat—aspecialcoatforchildrenwhouse22likeZoey.ThefirstbillZoeyintroducedtoStateRepresentativeGrahamFillerin201923increasingaccessibilityin24restrooms.Thesecondsuggestedadding25directionstoaccessiblerestroomstotheMichigan’sgovernmentwebsitesopeoplewithdisabilitiesknowwherethemost26onesareandplantripswiththeir27.MomJenniferHarrisonofIthaca,Michigan,toldGoodMorningshe28ZoeywhenZoeywasa1-year-oldinanorphanage().“I’m29byhersomuch,”Harrisonsaid.“Disabilitydoesn’tstopherfromreachingher30tohelpawholebunchofpeopleandshehasno31tospeakup.”Zoeywouldalsoliketoseemorefamilyrestroomsand32mapssopeopleknowwheretofindthem.Shehopestovisitamusementparks,restaurants,storesand33thepublicequipment.IftheymeetZoey’sapprovalaswellasthatofthechecklist’sunderherproposedbills,thoseplaceswould“Alwaysbekindandanofficial“Z-sealofapproval”.Hermessagetofellowandnomatterwhat,youcanmakeadifference.”kids:21.A.reportedB.interviewedC.describedD.written22.A.flashlightsB.glassesC.phonesD.wheelchairs23.A.tookupB.turneddownC.focusedonD.putoff24.A.beautifulB.publicC.newD.decorated25.A.traditionalB.clearC.privateD.individual26.A.suitableB.expensiveC.enjoyableD.modern27.A.petsB.teachersC.familiesD.fans28.A.abandonedB.knewC.blamedD.adopted29.A.disappointedB.amazedC.puzzledD.excited30.A.goalsB.standardsC.stagesD.agreements31.A.humorB.courageC.patienceD.shyness32.A.sellB.preserveC.createD.change33.A.repairB.destroyC.examineD.touch34.A.borrowB.purchaseC.refuseD.receive35.A.nervousB.helpfulC.intelligentD.handsome第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthe1940s,China36(report)30millioncasesofmalaria(疟疾)eachyear.Inthe1950s,Chinesehealthauthoritiesbeganintroducingmeasurestotreatandpreventthedisease.Now,aftera70-yearcampaignandmorethanfouryearsofzeronewcases,Chinaisofficiallymalariafree,37(recognize)bytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).TheWHOgivesmalaria-freecertificates(证明)tocountrieswhentheyhavepresentedthatthey’vestoppednationwidespread 38 atleastthreecontinuousyears.Countriesalsoneedtohavemonitoringandreactingsystemsinplace 39 canpreventindigenouscasesofthediseasefromcomingback—indigenousinthiscasemeaninginfected(感染) 40 fromanativemosquito.Fortycountriesandregions 41 (give)thecertificatesofar,accordingtotheWHO.Inthe1970s,throughagovernmentproject,ChinesescientistTuYouyoudiscoveredartemisinin,themost 42 (power)anti-malariadrug. 43 breakthrough,basedtraditionalChinesemedicine,ledtoaNobelPrizeforTuin2015.“Overmanydecades,China’sability 44 (think)outsidetheboxservedthecountrywell initsown 45 (respond)tomalaria,andalsohadasignificanteffectglobally,”notesDr.PedroAlonso,DirectoroftheWHOGlobalMalariaProgramme.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）演出公告：时间地点；剧情简介；注意：80左右；请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwas15,IfollowedRoytothedeepmountaininsearchofastragalusroot(黄芪),whichisarareandvaluableplant.Wesearchedtheplantforawholeday,butwithoutluck.Wefoundnothing.Asitgotdark,IaskedRoytogoback,butherefusedandsaid,“Iwouldrathersleeponthemountaintonightandcontinuetosearchtomorrow!”IdesiredtogohomebutIlackedthecouragetogobackalone,soIchosetostayandhelpRoyputupasimpletentunderatree.Itwasfreezingcoldonthemountainandtherewerescoresofmosquitoes,whichmadeitimpossibleforustohaveagoodsleep.What’sworse,weheardawolfhowlingnearby!Iwassoscared.“Iheardthatwolvesbully(欺负)theweakandfearthestrong,”Roytoldme.“Let’sstriketheshovel(铲子)andshouttoscareitaway!”Hefoundastoneandstartedtostriketheshovel.Andthenheshoutedashestrucktheshovel.Inspired,Ifollowedhimtoshoutloudly.Halfanhourlater,Ifeltcoldalloverthebody.Andthecoldaironthemountainmadethatworse.Mystomachbegantoache.Ilayinthetent,shivering,sweatingandthenfallingunconscious.Roywasshockedwithpanic.Hecalledmynamescreamingly,butIjustmadenoresponse.Hetriedtoputmeonhisbacktocarrymehomebutwithoutsuccess.Atlast,hewentoutandfoundsometreebranchesandblockeduptheentrancetoourtentwiththem.Then,herantothedirectionofourvillageasfastashecould.Notknowinghowmuchtimewentby, Iheardsomesoundsapproachingnear.IthoughtitwasRoybutIdidn’thearhimsayinganything.Inashock,Isatupwitharush.Atthatmoment,myeyeshadadjustedtothedarkness.Throughaholeofourtent,Isawtwoanimalslikedogsremovingthetreebrancheswiththeirmouthsandclaws.Theywerewolves!注意：150左右；请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Theirsuddenappearanceshockedmeandacoldsweatbrokeoutallovermybody.Theirsuddenappearanceshockedmeandacoldsweatbrokeoutallovermybody.Strangely,Isawthetwowolvesturnaroundandrunawayinaflash.参考答案第一部分阅读第一节A篇本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上最高的四座ft峰。DWhileMawenziandShiraareextinct,Kiboisdormantddpossiblyti和a都是死火fto是休眠火ft，是三个火ft中最危险的。故选D。BislocatedintheHimalayaMountainRangeontheborderofNepalandChina.”可知，珠穆朗玛峰位于尼泊尔和中国的交界处。故选B。DItwasfirstspottedfromtheairbyU.S.pilotLincolnEllsworthin1935.”可知，最先发现文森峰的是一位美国飞行员。故选D。B篇款能够帮助人们减少在购物和交通活动中的碳排放的应用程序EnRoute。Chadmanyconcerns,thegreatestoneofwhichwasbeingunabletohelpmycommunity.”可知，作者有许多担忧，其中最大的担忧是无法帮助他的社区。由此可知，在疫情期间，作者感到很担忧。故选。A推理判断题。通读第二段可知，解决新冠疫情只能依靠个人的行动和人类的善意。但人类必须应对的下一个挑战——气候变化，是无法用疫苗来解决的。因此，作者想到可以通过每个人的日常活动来应对全球变暖。由此可推知，新冠疫情期间，个人在疫情预防方面做出的贡献给予了作者启发，从而开发出了EnRoute这款应用程序。故选A。BAndthecoolestthingisthatthemoreIwaslearning,themorepeoplegotinterestedintheidea.forwardtotoday,throughEnRoute,over4,000peoplereducedmorethan150,000kgcarbon好处是让很多人做出了改变。故选B。Dhadmanyconcerns,thegreatestoneofwhichwasbeingunabletohelpmycommunity.”可知，作者为疫情深感担忧；结合第三段最后一句“Butinsteadofgivingup,Ichosetofillthegap.”可知，作者排除万难研发应用程序，越D。C篇本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一只章鱼在睡觉时改变身体颜色的视频的相关情况。Aofcatchinghernextmeal”可知，视频中的这只章鱼正在睡觉。故选A。CHeidi在睡觉时会改变自己身体颜色的原因。由此可推知，第三段介绍了Scheel对Heidi的梦的内容的猜测。故选C。Dhour-longdocumentary,whichtracksScheel’sdevelopingrelationshipwiththeoctopus,alsoshowsHeidi’sotherScheelHeidiHeidi的其他技能。由此可推知，它是关于一只章鱼及其主人的纪录片。故选D。C标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一只章鱼在睡觉时会改变身体颜色的视频的相关情况。C项“一只章鱼在睡觉时改变自己身体的颜色”概括了文章大意，是最适合本文的标题。故选C。D篇家具，这样对于环保将大有裨益。 Cnowresearchershavefoundabetterway:growingitinalabinsteadofa的，并认为它可能会有着光明的未来。故选C。C‘Thewaywegetthesematerialshasn’tchangedincenturiesandisveryinefficient,’said‘Thisisarealchancetoavoidallthat表示，我们获取这些材料的方式几个世纪以来都画线词意为“清除，根除C项意思相近。故选C。BIwantedtofindamoreefficientwaytouselandandresourcessothatwecouldletmorefarmlandsremainwild,ortoremainlowerproductionbutallowforgreater说她想找到一种更有效的方式来使用土在室内培育家具的目的是保持生物多样性。故选。Anewbiomaterialsbecomereadilyavailable,forestswilllosetheireconomic valueandwillbepreservedfortheirenvironmental,health,andrecreational材料得到广泛使用。故选A。第二节和种植植物。CC项“你想你的花园不被破坏吗”承上启下，符合语境。故选。EE项“整个系统可以是一处美丽的‘水景E。G此处是本段的主题句。本段主要介绍了在地下埋置带有小孔的管道来排水这一方法。G项“另一种方法是在地下埋置带有小孔的管道”统领全段，符合语境。故选G。AA项“然后盖上土壤”承接上文，符合语境。故选A。F上文讲苗床需要足够宽，以便让植物根系蔓延；下文讲如果你想要一棵更大的植物，F下，符合语境。故选。第二部分语言运用第一节本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了残障女孩Zoey向政府官员提议增设公共卫生间，并希望在政府的网站上标注残障人士可用的卫生间的故事。 ATV2018道了ynA。Ddoesn’tstopherfromreachinghertohelpawholebunchofpeople”可知，ZoeyZoey的母亲发明了一种特制外套，专供像yDD。C第一个提案的重点是提升公共卫生间的无障C项意为“着力于，集中于。BAgirlfromMichiganisfightingformakinglawstobuildpublicrestroomsmoreaccessibleforthedisabled.”可知，Zoey第一个BB。Bpeoplewithdisabilitiesknowwherethemostonesareandplan的第二个提案是在政府的网站上增加可使用的B。A建议在政府的网站上增加可使用的洗手间的明A项意为“合适的语境。故选A。Cwouldalsoliketoseemorefamilyrestrooms”及语境可知，当政府网站上有了可供残障人士使用的卫生间的明确指示后，残障人士也可CC。DZoeywasa1-year-oldinanorphanage)”rn在yD故选D。Bdoesn’tstopherfromreachinghertohelpawholebunchofpeopleandshehasnotospeak的表现让rnBB。Ahelpawholebunchofpeople”及语境可知，帮助很多人是y的目标，而身体的残障没有阻止yA合语境。故选A。DD。Cpeopleknowwheretofind还希望看到更多的家庭式卫生间并创建地图，以便让人们知道在哪里可以找到它们。C。 C考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“IftheymeetZoey’sapprovalaswell