【创新设计】高考英语总复习 33Unit 3 Back to the past（江苏专用）

Unit3Backtothepast晨读在线假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1．表示歉意；2.解释原因；3.另约时间。注意：1.词数不少于120；2.可适当增加细节。【范文欣赏】请进行完形填空(每空一词)DearTom，I'mwritingtosaysorrytoyou1.becauseIcan'tgoonthetriptoBeijingtogetherwithyounextweekend.2．Asyouknow，Ihavebeenbusypreparingfor3.anEnglishspeechcontest.Unfortunately，itwillnotbeheldasplannedandhasbeenput4.offtonextweek.SoIhavetostayuntilitends.Butdon'tbedisappointed.Maybewecanmake5.itanothertimetohavethetrip.How6.aboutinthesummervacation?Itwilllastamonthandwewillhavemoretimetospend7.inplacesofgreatinterestinBeijing.PleaseacceptmyapologyforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.May8.youhaveaniceweekend!Sincerelyyours，LiHua(121words)【名师点评】本文开宗明义，直接说明写此邮件的目的，然后讲不能成行北京的理由，理由充分可信，随后为再续北京之行的时间提出意见。文章要点明确，层次分明，过渡自然，用词讲究，时态语态准确，长短句结合，是一篇上乘之作。【疯狂背诵】请用10分钟背诵范文【还原范文】请将下列句子翻译成英语1．亲爱的汤姆：Dear_Tom，2．对于下周末不能与你共赴北京深表歉意。I'mwritingtosaysorrytoyoubecauseIcan'tgoonthetriptoBeijingtogetherwithyounextweekend.3．正如你所知，我一直忙着为参加一个英语演讲比赛做准备。Asyouknow，IhavebeenbusypreparingforanEnglishspeechcontest.4．不幸的是，比赛不能如期举行，并且推迟到了下周。Unfortunately，itwillnotbeheldasplannedandhasbeenputofftonextweek.5．因此，比赛结束前我不能离开。SoIhavetostayuntilitends.6．但是不要失望。Butdon'tbedisappointed.7．也许我们的旅行可以改期。Maybewecanmakeitanothertimetohavethetrip.8．暑假怎么样？Howaboutinthesummervacation?9．假期有一个月的时间，我们可以在北京的名胜古迹度过更多的美好时光。ItwilllastamonthandwewillhavemoretimetospendinplacesofgreatinterestinBeijing.10．若有不便，敬请原谅。PleaseacceptmyapologyforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.11．祝周末愉快！Mayyouhaveaniceweekend!12．你真诚的李华。Sincerelyyours，LiHua.

Ⅰ.单词默写1．pour

vi.涌流；倾泻vt.倒出(液体)2．flee

vt.&vi.逃避；逃跑；迅速离开3．gradually

adv.渐渐地，逐渐地4．ruin

n．废墟；毁坏vt；破坏；毁灭5．powerful

adj.强有力的6．sailor

n．税收；海员7．carrier

n．航空母舰；运输设备；运输公司8．march

vi.&n.前进；进发；游行9．ahead

adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先10．corrupt

vt.使腐化，使堕落adj.贪污的；腐败的11．erupt

vi.toexplodeandthrowoutfire，ashandsmoke12．disaster

n．asuddeneventwhichcausesgreatlossandharm13．expression

n．theactofsayingorshowingwhatyouthinkorfeel14．glory

n．greatfame，honorandadmiration15．judge

n．apersonwhoisappointedtomakeadecisioninacompetitionⅡ.词汇拓展1．destroyvt.毁坏；摧毁→destruction

n．破坏；毁灭；摧毁→destructive

adj.毁灭性的；有害的，消极的2．commercialadj.商业的，贸易的→commerce

n．商业，贸易3．explodevi.爆炸→explosion

n．爆炸→explosive

adj.爆炸的4．declarevt.宣布，宣告；宣称→declaration

n．宣言，宣布；声明5．memorialn．纪念馆adj.纪念馆的→memory

n．记忆→memorize

vt.记住；背熟语境助记——词不离句，句不离段Thepowerfuljudgesentencedthesailorwhoiscorruptforhe'sgreedyforthewealthofthecarrier.Recentlyhedeclaredhewouldbesentencedto3yearsintheprison.

Ⅲ.短语落实1．decorate...with用……装饰2．inmemoryof纪念3．standinone'spath阻碍(某人)4．remainsofbuildings楼房废墟5．takeover夺取；接管6．nodoubt

无疑；确实7.aheadoftime

提前8．beawareof

知道，了解，意识到9．raiseupagainst

起义；反抗10．comedownwith

患(病)Ⅳ.句子翻译1．In334BC，hetookhisarmy，nowwith42,000men，intotheMiddleEastandthenEgypt，defeatingeveryarmythatstoodinhispath.(Page58)公元前334年，他率领当时已达4万2千人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。2．Thenheturnedhiseyeseast，andmarchedallthewaytoIndia，findingvictorywhereverhewent.(Page58)然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。3．现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。(Page42)WeareinItalynow，andtomorrowwearevisitingPompeii.4．很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。(Page42)Manypeoplewereburiedalive，andsowasthecity.5．人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。(Page42)Peoplestartedtodigintheareafortreasure，whichcausedmuchdamage.Ⅴ.教材设题句型转换(每空不超过3个单词)1．Thus，in1860，theareawasputunderthegovernmentprotectionsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.(教材P42)→Thus，in1860，theareawasprotectedby/gotprotection_fromthegovernmentsoitcouldbepreservedandstudied.2．Ialsosawthepeoplewhohadbeenburiedalive.(教材P43)→Ialsosawthepeopleburiedalive.3．Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdownandthatresultedinthecitybeingburiedbysand——whatapity！(教材P43)→Thedesertwasonceagreenlandwithhugetrees，buttheywerecutdown，causing/whichcausedthecitytobeburiedbysand——whatapity!4．Yet，in323BC，hecamedownwithafeveranddied.(教材P58)→Yet，in323BC，hehad/ran/developedafeveranddied.5．Whenhewasyoung，hewasabravesoldier.(教材P59)→Whenyoung/Inhisyouth，hewasabravesoldier.

【课本原句】Manypeoplewereburiedalive，andsowasthecity.(P42)许多人被活埋了，这座城市也不例外。buryvt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心

beburiedalive被活埋bury(oneself)in(＝beburiedin)埋头于；专心于burysthinsth使某物陷入……beburiedin主语往往是人，说明人所处的状态，并不表示被动。类似的还有：belostin埋头于……；沉迷于……becaughtin遇到(雨等)；陷入(圈套)bedevotedto专心于……beabsorbedin专心于……，全神贯注于……beoccupiedin忙于……，从事…… ——看看高考怎么考

翻译句子①多亏了他做的遇到暴风雨的这个梦。(2011·江苏卷·阅读理解A58)Duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstorm.②他仿佛正在专心思考问题。Heappearedtobeabsorbed/buriedinthought.③________inhisnovel，heranintothecarsinfrontofthebuilding. (2012·湖南醴陵一中月考)A．BuriedB．CoveredC．AppliedD．Busy答案A【课本原句】On24thAugustAD79，thevolcanoeruptedandlava，ashandrockspouredoutofitontothesurroundingcountryside.(P42)公元79年8月24日，火山突然爆发，熔岩、火山灰和岩石从火山口喷射到周边的乡村。erupt(火山等)喷发；暴力事件，疾病等)突然发生eruptinto(laughter/shouting)突然笑/喊起来burstinto(sth)突然开始(尤其是唱歌，哭，笑等)burstout(doing)突然开始

eruptv．(火山)爆发；喷出 ——看看高考怎么考翻译句子①那个地方火山喷发了好几次。Thevolcanohaseruptedseveraltimesinthearea.②警察局外突然发生了暴力行为。Violenceeruptedoutsidethepolicestation.③因为丈夫的懒惰她的愤怒终于爆发了。Herangereruptedbecauseofherhusband'slaziness.【课本原句】Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedbeneaththesand，togetherwithalotoftreasures，includingcoins，paintedpots，materialsuchassilk，documentsandwallpaintings.(P43)斯文发现了埋葬在沙子下面的建筑物遗迹，以及很多诸如钱币，彩绘陶，丝绸，文献和壁画等珍贵文物。remainsn．残余物；遗迹；遗体；遗址remainv．保持；仍然是remainvi.逗留(＝stay)remainingadj.剩下的，剩余的remainder(＝rest)n.剩余物，剩余部分remain＋adj./n./adv./doing/done保持；仍然是remainat/in/with留在；停留remaintobedone待做Itremainstobeseen...尚不确定，说不准……Itonlyremainsforsbtosay...某人要说的只是……Thefactremainsthat...不能忽略的是…… ——看看高考怎么考①Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine，hishealthremainspoor(还是很虚弱)．②Severalpointsremaintobesolved∕settled(待解决)．③Mr.smithbecameanengineerbuthisbrotherremainedaworker(仍然是个工人)．④Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury，andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding______now.(2010·重庆卷·单项填空29)A．remains B．isremainedC．isremaining D．hasbeenremained答案A【课本原句】Ascholarfromthelocalculturalinstitute，ProfessorZhang，toldusthataroundtheyear1900theEuropeanexplorerSvenHedindiscoveredtheruinsoftheLoulankingdom.(P43)一位当地文化协会的张教授告诉我们大约1900年欧洲探险家斯文·赫定发现了楼兰王国的遗址。ruinn．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃；[C](pl.)废墟；遗迹v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭beinruins成为废墟；被毁灭；垮掉betheruinof成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因bringsbtoruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产come/falltoruin毁灭，灭亡ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉辨析

ruin/destroy/damageruin强调该物的使用价值遭到破坏，现在可用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄坏；弄糟”。destroy多指彻底毁坏以致不能或很难修复。damage(1)多指使用价值有所降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复。(2)作名词时常作不可数名词，常与to连用，dodamageto意为“对……造成损害”。复数形式damages表示“赔偿金”。Heknockedoverabottleofmilkandruinedthetablecloth.他打翻了一瓶牛奶把桌布弄脏了。Thebuildingwasdestroyedintheearthquake.那座大楼在地震中毁掉了。Thebridgewasdamagedbytheflood.桥梁因洪水而受损。 ——看看高考怎么考①However，heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruined(破产了)intheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.(2011·山东卷·阅读理解A)翻译句子②你的汽车有损伤吗？Wasthereanydamagetoyourcar?③Tomwasluckyintheaccident，buthis______carisunderrepair. (2012·湖南攸县一中高三上学期期中考试)A．ruined B．remainedC．destroyed D．damaged答案D【课本原句】Thisextremeheatalmostdrovemecrazy.(P48)这高温逼得我要发疯了。drivesbmad/crazy使某人发疯drivesbtodosth迫使某人做某事driveout迫使离开driveoff赶跑；驾车离开driveaway赶跑drive

v．驱使；迫使；驱赶；驾驶，开车

——看看高考怎么考①Iargued，pointingtoaverylargebellyofmine，“Iammarried.Iamhavingababy.WhyshouldIhavetohavesomeonesignformetodrive(让人给我签名来叫我驾驶呢)？”(2011·辽宁卷·阅读理解A)②Sheusuallydrivestowork(开车去上班)．③Theloudmusic______mecrazy.(2009·宿迁统考)A．causesB．resultsC．drivesD．leaves答案C【课本原句】Mostofthemwereingoodcondition.(P51)它们大都状态很好。(be)ingoodcondition状况良好beoutofcondition状况不佳onconditionthat...(＝onlyif)在……的条件下，只要unconditionaladj.无条件的

conditionn．条件；状况；(pl.)环境；情形；健康状况 ——看看高考怎么考①Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditions(其他的情形)canpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles.

(2011·山东卷·阅读理解D)②However，hisvisitinhispresentcondition(目前状况)willdisturbthechildren'sstable(稳定的)life.(2010·四川卷·阅读理解E)③Youcangotothepartyonconditionthat(只要)youcomehomebeforemidnight.④Sheisinapoor______ofhealth.Asaresult，shehastogiveupherjob. (2012·辽宁省沈阳二中第3次月考)A．positionB．situationC．stateD．condition答案C【课本原句】Thenextday，USPresidentFranklinRooseveltdeclaredwaragainstJapan.(P55)第二天，美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福对日宣战。declare＋n.(＋adj.)宣告……declarethat宣告declareagainst声明反对declarefor声明赞成declarewaron向……宣战declarationn.宣告；宣言

declare

vt.宣布，宣告；宣称辨析declare/announce(1)declare指在公开场合表明对……的态度或指官方或权威者公开而郑重地宣布某事。(2)announce指发布公众感兴趣的事，内容有知识性或权威性，如商品、生产、喜讯等消息。 ——看看高考怎么考①Thedriverdeclared(被宣称)guiltymaybefinedamaximumofHK$25,000andbesentencedtoupto3yearsinprisonandpunishedfor10driving­offencepoints；ortemporarilybannedfromdriving. (2011·福建卷·阅读理解A)②Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors'tragediesanddeclarevictory(宣告胜利)，andknowthattheyarecheeringmeon.

(2011·天津卷·阅读理解D)③Bulgaria______herindependencein1908.(2012·浏阳市一中高三上学期期中考试)A．declaredB．announcedC．gainD．made答案A④Asparentsandteachers，youshouldallowchildrenthespaceto______theiropinions，eveniftheyaredifferentfromyourown.

(2012·湖南醴陵一中月考)A．announceB．soundC．declareD．voice答案D【课本原句】AlexandertheGreatspreadtheGreekculturefromEuropetoAfricaandAsia，influencingtheworldforcenturiestocome.(P58)亚历山大大帝将希腊文明从欧洲传到非洲和亚洲，影响了世界几个世纪。influencesb∕sth影响；起作用influencesbtodo...影响某人做…haveaninfluenceon...对……有影响undertheinfluenceof受……的影响；由于……的作用bea∕an...influenceon对……产生……的影响amanofinfluence有权势的人influencen．&v.影响haveaninfluenceon

＝haveaneffecton＝haveanimpacton对……有影响；起作用；产生效果【联想拓展】 ——看看高考怎么考①Itseemsreasonabletosupposethat，intherealworld，theopinionsofsuchpowerfulpeoplestillinfluence(影响)thejournalistsandeditorswhoworkforthem. (2011·上海卷·六选五)写作句型演练②Anumberoffactorshaveaninfluenceonthegrowingspeedofaplant.→Thegrowingofspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors.③HewasgreatlyinfluencedbyhisEnglishteacher.→HisEnglishteacherwasagreatinfluenceonhim.【课本原句】In89BC，theRomanstookoverPompeii.(P42)公元前89年，罗马人夺取了庞贝。takeover

夺取；接管takeaway拿走takeback收回(所说的话)；退回(某物)takedown拆除，拆毁；记下，写下takein欺骗；领会，理解takeoff起飞；脱下；成功；迅速流行takeon呈现；具有；承担；从事；雇佣，聘用takeup开始爱好(某种活动)；使用；占用(空间或时间) ——看看高考怎么考①Alcoholistakenin(被吸收)morequicklywhendrunkwithfruitjuice. (2011·福建卷·阅读理解A)②Theplanewilltakeoff(起飞)tonight.(2011·湖北卷·听力6选项)③Someinsects______thecoloroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves. (2011·陕西卷·单项填空25)A．takeinB．takeoffC．takeonD．takeout答案C④Whenshefellill，herson______thebusiness.(2012·湖南洞口一中高三摸底考试)A．tookin B．tookcareC．tookover D．tookaway答案C【课本原句】AsurpriseattackwascarriedouttherebytheJapanesein1941.(P55)1941年，日本进行了一次突然袭击。carryoutaplan实施计划carryoutapromise履行诺言carryoutathreat实行威胁carryoutanorder执行命令carryoutanexperiment(on)对……做实验carryout履行；落实；完成；实施carryoff成功地完成carryonwithsth(doingsth)继续做某事carrysbthroughsth帮助某人渡过难关【联想拓展】 ——看看高考怎么考①Passengersarepermitted______onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane. (2011·天津卷·单项填空17)A．tocarry B．carryingC．tobecarried D．beingcarried答案A②Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.(2012·黑河市一中高三上学期中质量检测试题)A．carryout B．carryingoutC．carriedout D．tocarryout答案C③Thenewsofthemayor'scomingtoourschoolforavisitwas______ontheradioyesterday. (2012·湖南祁东育贤中学月考)A．turnedout B．foundoutC．givenout D．carriedout答案C

【课本原句】InmemoryoftheAmericanswhodiedinattack，anationalmemorialwasbuiltinPearlHarborjustabovetheremainsoftheArizona.(P55)为了纪念在袭击中丧生的美国士兵，珍珠港的沉船亚利桑那号的残骸上方建立了一座国家纪念碑。inmemoryof纪念【联想拓展】inpraiseof赞美，歌颂inhonourof为了向……表示敬意insearchof寻找inchargeof负责incontrolof控制insupportof支持infavourof赞成inplaceof代替 ——看看高考怎么考翻译句子①Heisinchargeof