初中英语定语从句合萼状语从句

从句学习定语从句与状语从句定语从句Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜欢不守信用的人Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.两个重要的概念先行词关系词AttributiveClause（定语从句）概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词:who﹑whom﹑that﹑which﹑whose关系副词:where﹑when﹑why关系词在定语从句充当的成分1关系词用作从句的主语简单句变为定语从句Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.2简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的句子Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.关系词用作从句中动词的宾语i’reallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.I’dreallyliketofindafriend…Icantrustcompletely.更多例句他是我见过的最好的法语老师HeisthebestgrammarteacherwhoIhaveeverseen.It’shardtohaveafriendwhoyoucantrustcompletely.Heisthestudentwhotheteacherlikestopraiseforhishardwork.关系词用作从句中介词的宾语I’mtalkingaboutfriendandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.I’mtalkingaboutfriendwhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.Who充当介词的宾语我这里说的朋友，是指那些你几乎可以把一切与之分享的人。注意：定语从句中的省略现象作宾语的关系词可以省去1I’dreallyliketofindafriend()Icantrustcompletely.2I’mtalkingaboutfriends()youcansharealmosteverythingwith.3IhopeIneverhaveaboss()Ican’ttalktoaboutmyproblems.注意：在从句中作主语的关系词无法省去。比如：不能说Ilikeguys()haveagoodsenseofhumor.关系代词与先行词的搭配关系关系代词：关系副词：Whom,which,that,whose,when,where,why1先行词指人,用关系代词：whowhom2表示人或物的所有关系，用whose3先行词指物，用关系代词which4that可以指代人，也可以指代物。关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that人/物主、宾、表which物主、宾、who人主、宾whom人宾whose人/物定as人/物/事情主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语

关系词的作用：

1、连接作用把主句和从句连接起来

2、替代作用

在从句中代替在它前面 的先行词

3、成分作用

在从句中充当一个成分例

1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)Titanicistheship___________sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/that__________Beijingisthecityhasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.____thecity/getthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGameswhich/thatYeXinisanursediedinthefightagainstSARS.

anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARSwho/that1.Thegirl_______issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt__________Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel__________youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_______brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_________Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.who/thatwhich/thatthat/whichwho/thatwho/whom限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性:不用逗号隔开对一个名词提供必要的信息，一说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身份和性质。Idon’tlikepeople.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoareneverontime.Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirwords.Therearetwofactors.Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Heisamanwhoisofvaluetothepeople.判断下面句子1Thosepeople,whothinkthatreadingselectivelyisbetter,believethatgoodbooksareasmanyasbadbooks.2somepeoplethinkthatitisanancientChinesecustomwhichshouldbepreserved.非限制性定语从句---用逗号隔开非限制定语从句用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释，补充或说明。如果去掉定语从句，整个主句的意义一样很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。分类学习一专有名词如果定语从句修饰一个专有名词，一般要用逗号分隔先行词与定语从句。Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.Iaskedmymother,whois80,whethershe’deverseensnowinIraqbefore,andheranswerwasno.Beijing,whichisthecapitalofchina,hasdevelopedintoaninternationalcity.Hawaii,whichconsistsofeightprincipalislands,isafavoritevacationspot.二类指名词普通名词作为先行词的情况，普通名词若是用来表示类指，即表示的是同一类事物，而非具体的某一个事物，此时，用非限制性从句。Anelephant,whichistheearth’slargestlandmammal,hasfewnaturalenemiesotherthanhumanbeings.Oneoftheelephantswhichwesawatthezoohadonlyonetusk.(象牙)用或不用逗号，句义有差别在英文中，还有一类句子，用限制性或非非限制性定语从句都可以，但强调的意义不一样，即句义不同，试比较。Hehasadaughterwhoworksinahospital.Hehasadaughter,whoworksinahospital.Thefoodwhichwasn’tinthefridgeallwentoff.Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.Thecabdriverswhoknewaboutthetrafficjamtookanotherroad.Thecabdrivers,whoknewaboutthetrafficjam,tookanotherroad.非限制性定语从句的翻译注意：现制定定语从句一般翻译成定语的形式……的，而非限定定语从句往往会译成各种状语形式。1Thefood,whichwasn’tinthefridge,allwentoff.(译成原因状语从句)食物都坏了,因为没有放在冰箱里.2TheAmbassadorgaveadinnertothescientists,withwhomheespeciallywishedtotalk.（译成原因状语从句）大使宴请了那些科学家,因为他特别想与他们交谈一下.3Thepeopleweredesperateforwork,anywork,whichcouldsupporttheirfamily.（译成条件状语从句）人们急于找到工作，什么工作都行,只要能养家糊口.4Themillionairehadanotherhousebuilt,whichhedidn’tneedatall.(译成让步状语从句)那位百万富翁又建了一幢房子,尽管他并不需要.定语从句与同位语从句的区分关键点：that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别。二者在结构上有相似性，都是名词+that从句，这里的名词都称作先行词。1从结构上区分：that是否作成分。2从意义上区分：that引导的从句的意义不同。1从结构上区分：that是否做成分That在定语从句中要充当成分，比如作从句的主语或宾语；而that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅起连词的作用。也就是说：定语从句的结构是“名词+that+不完整的句子，”同位语从句的结构是名词+that+完整的陈述句例句分析:判断下列句子分别是什么从句。11）Therumorthathespreadeverywhereturnedouttobeuntrue.2）TherumorthatTomwasathiefturnedouttobeuntrue.21）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.2)Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.2从意义上区分：that引导的从句的意义不同。定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰，描述和限制的作用；同位语从句相当于一个名词，对其前面名词饿内容的具体表达，二者是同位关系。11)Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.2)ThenewsthatLincolnwasmurderedatatheateristrue.21)Thefactthatyoupointoutmademeinterested.2)Thefactthattherearenolivesonthemoonisknowntousall.思维训练请判断下列句子是定语从句还是同位语从句。Heturneddowntheproposalthatsheofferedatthemeeting.Heturneddowntheproposalthatsheshouldbesentabroadtostudy.状语从句练习状语从句种类时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句原因状语从句练习常见连词Because,for,as,since当中because能用强调词only,just,perhaps等修饰.例句学习1我的哥们都不喜欢我,是因为我长相英俊又事业又成.Myclosefriendsdon’tlikemebecauseIamhandsomeandsuccessful.2可能因为现在的大多数跨国婚姻都是基于真爱,所以夫妇俩都很努力地克服双方的差异.Perhapsbecausemostoftoday’scross-culturalmarriageoccurbecauseoftheirtruelove,thesecouplesmakegreatefforts/workhardtoovercometheirdifferences.原因状语从句练习3我们明天没有课,为什么不出去野餐呢?4你是学英语专业的,我猜想你能帮我解决这个句子.Sincewedon’thaveclassestomorrow,whynotgooutforapicnic?SinceyouareanEnglishmajor,Iguessyoucanhelpmewiththesentence.原因状语从句练习连词as与since的用法差不多,所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要because加以强调.1由于周一是法定假日,所有的政府机关都将休息.Nationalholiday/governmentofficesAsMondayisanationalholiday,allgovernmentofficeswillbeclosed.连词for表示推断的理由,是对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明.昨晚下雨了,因为今天早上地都湿了.Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswetthismorning.连词总结比较而言:as和for引导的主,从句,二者处于平等位置.Because引导的从句显得比主句重要,强调原因.since引导的从句显得次要,而主句重要,以说明将要做什么事.用介词表示因果关系常见的介词有:Becauseof,dueto,owingto介词后面不能接从句Wehadanaccidentbecausehewascareless.Wehadanaccidentduetohiscarelessness.Owingtohiscarelessnesswehadanaccident.思维训练1____youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.2____thecoldweather,wedicidednottogoout.3Itwas___hewassoyoungthathecould’tdoit.目的状语从句常用的从句连接词sothat,inorderthat,that,另外,在目的状语从句中常含有情态动词,比如may/might或could/can等.1我关掉了电视,好让我的室友安静地学习.IturnedofftheTVinorderthatmyroommatescouldstudyinpeaceandquite.2小的时候,我常常睡觉时候带着手电筒上床,这样我就可以偷看连环画册而不被父母发现.WhenIwasachild,IwouldtakeaflashlighttobedwithmesothatIcouldreadcomicbookswithoutmyparents‘knowingaboutit.结果状语从句常见连接词:so…that,such…that1我们学校食堂的饭菜质量真差,练苍蝇都飞到那里去减肥.Thefoodinourschoolcante