学术英语 医学 Unit

学术英语医学AcademicEnglishforMedicine第一页，共64页。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesDespitetheprogressinmedicine,manydiseasesarestilluntreatableandincurable.Ithasbeengenerallyagreedthatpreventionismorecost-effectivethanthetreatmentofdiseases.Herecomesomefundamentalquestions:Whichplayamoreimportantroleincausinghumandiseases,genesorenvironmentalfactors?Whydopeoplewithgoodinterpersonalrelationshipslivehealthierandlonger?Whatarethemajorstepsindevelopinganewdrug?Inthisunit,wewillprobablyfindtheanswerstothesequestions.第二页，共64页。ListeningNote-takingFormsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三页，共64页。Listening

Note-takingFormsadvantages&disadvantagescause&effectclassification&definitioncomparison&contrastfacts&figuressequenceofeventsstagesofaprocessquestion&answertwo-columntablesspidergramtreediagram/spidergramtabletabletimelineflowchartheadings¬esUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四页，共64页。Listening

SuggestedanswersTask140,00056,300Measurestaken13-648222AfricanAmericansTakeCharge,TaketheTestgainedbisexualmendevelopmentofacomprehensiveHIVpreventionplanfortheunitedstatesUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五页，共64页。Listening

SuggestedanswersTask2expandaccesstoHIVincidencesurveillancesystemTargetingprecisioncompellingreasonsspecificinformationUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第六页，共64页。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet

readingforUnit9第七页，共64页。Lead-inIssuestobecoveredThecommonandspecialmeansoftreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesThedifferentrolesofgenesandenvironmentincausingdiseasesTherelationshipbetweeninterpersonalrelationshipandhealthThemajorstepsindesigninganddevelopingnewdrugsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第八页，共64页。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluMyopiaHepatitisUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第九页，共64页。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluvirusesrest,clearfluids,cooldampwashclothtoreducefever,warmblankettocalmchills,coughmedicine,antiviralmedications,usuallynoneedofantibioticsMyopiaprolongedclosework,excessivereadingcorrectivelenses,refractorysurgeryHepatitisviral(HBV,HCV,etc.),bacterial,parasitic,fungalinfectionsalcohol,autoimmune,inheritedantiviralmedicationsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十页，共64页。TextACriticalreadingandthinking–Topicsforpresentation–Knowledgeofthesubjectmatter–UsefulexpressionsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十一页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1.HowwasTerry’slifebeforeshewasdiagnosedwithMS？Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十二页，共64页。lovedpracticingTaeKwonDoattendedmedicalschool,practicedasaninternalmedicineresidency,becameanacademicgeneralinternistmarriedandgotasonandadaughter第十三页，共64页。multiplesclerosis:aseriousdiseaseofthenervoussystem,whichgraduallymakesapersonweaker,andsometimesaffectstheirsightorspeech.TheabbreviationMSisalsoused.多发性硬化症第十四页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.WhatcausesMS?Howdoestheauthordescribethedevelopmentofhisillness?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十五页，共64页。boutIfyouhaveaboutofanillnessorofanunpleasantfeeling,youhaveitforashortperiod.〔疾病或不愉快情绪的〕发作Hewasrecoveringfromasevereboutofflu.我感到一阵紧张。Iwassufferingfromaboutofnerves.第十六页，共64页。relapse这种治疗方法通常针对术后复发风险高的女性。

Thetreatmentisusuallygiventowomenwithahighriskofrelapseaftersurgery.Ifasickpersonrelapses,theirhealthsuddenlygetsworseafterithadbeenimproving.旧病复发;再次发病In90percentofcasesthepatientwillrelapsewithinsixmonths.90%的病人在6个月内会再次发病。第十七页，共64页。CrossroadsAcrossroadsisaplacewheretworoadsmeetandcrosseachother.十字路口Turnrightatthefirstcrossroads.在第一个十字路口向右转。Ifyousaythatsomethingisatacrossroads,youmeanthatithasreachedaveryimportantstageinitsdevelopmentwhereitcouldgoonewayoranother.(开展的)关键时刻，紧要关头该公司显然处于开展的关键时刻。Thecompanywasclearlyatacrossroads.第十八页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation3.WhatdidTerrydobeforeheself-experimented?

(7-8para.)BeganhisownstudyoftheliteratureReadingarticlesaboutnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels

Readingarticlesabout

neurodegenerationofall

types—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdiseaseUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十九页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsIhadonlytwooptions:accommodationandacceptanceofdeepeningdisabilitydespiteoptimaltreatment,orincreasedinvolvementinmyownhealthcare.(P55)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsIbeganmyownstudyoftheliterature,readingarticleafterarticleonPubMed,knowingthattheseedsfortoday’sclinicalcarewerelaidyears,sometimesdecadesearlierinthebasicscienceliterature.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十一页，共64页。AMagicBulletInmedicine,amagicbulletisadrugortreatmentthatcancureadiseasequicklyandcompletely.灵丹妙药Amagicbulletisaneasysolutiontoadifficultproblem.妙招许多人都在寻找可以解决这个问题的良方。Alotofpeoplearelookingforsomesortofmagicbulletthatwillsolvethisproblem.第二十二页，共64页。Chorea:舞蹈症第二十三页，共64页。Amyotrophic:

肌萎缩的Atrophy:

萎缩Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)isachronicprogressiveneurodegenerativediseasebytheselectivedeathofmotorneurons.第二十四页，共64页。ImmerseHeimmersedhisfeetinwater.他把脚浸在水里。immerseoneselfin专心从事于；埋头

Shewasimmersedinherwork.她埋头工作。第二十五页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation4.HowdidTerrycarryouthisself-experimentation?

Whatweretheeffectsrespectively?

A.TakingvariousnutrientsB.Self-experimentationwithneuromuscularelectricalstimulationC.IntensivenutritionD.lookingmoredeeplyatthe

environmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms:Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十六页，共64页。…soItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.FDA:FoodandDrugAdministration美国食品药品管理局第二十七页，共64页。

Protocol:1.议定书;协议;KyotoProtocol京都议订书2.草案科学实验报告〔或方案〕Studyprotocol研究方案第二十八页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingHetoldmethate-stim(ashecalledit)wasnotanapprovedtreatmentforMS...(P57)…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.Mytherapistimplementedaprogramofe-stimcoupledwithdailyexercise.

Asgoodasthearticlewas,itdidnotlistallofthebuildingblocksneededforoptimalbrainhealth.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十九页，共64页。Coupledwith:Overuseofthosedrugs,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegeneration.过量使用那些药物再加上饮食缺乏营养，导致安康状况恶化。赌博总是与犯罪相联络.Gamblingisalwayscoupledwithcrimes.第三十页，共64页。dailyregimen:日剂量假如进一步的工作证实了我们所看到的，我们可以为中风高危病人从理论上推荐日剂量的银杏(ginkgo)，作为防治脑损伤的方法。Iffurtherworkconfirmswhatwe‘veseen,wecouldtheoreticallyrecommendadailyregimenofginkgotopeopleathighriskofstrokeasapreventivemeasureagainstbraindamage.第三十一页，共64页。buildingblock:积木，构件；建筑砌块；根底材料WorkgroupisthebasicbuildingblockofJapaneseorganizations.工作小组是日本组织的根本构造单元.第三十二页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterThemedicalliteraturedidn’thavethatinformation,nor

didtheregistereddieticianswithwhomIconsulted,nordidIseeitinthefoodscienceliterature.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十三页，共64页。Mouthful:一口；满口；Savourtheflavourofeachmouthful,andchewyourfoodwell.细细品味每一口的味道，充分咀嚼。Shetookamouthfulofwater.她喝了一大口水。Handful:少量；一把〔的量〕Ahandfulof:第三十四页，共64页。Intervention:干预；介入治疗；调停Medicalintervention:医疗介入；医学干预；药物干预；医疗干预Adoctormayadvisemedicalinterventioninadditiontochangesinbehaviorasawaytoloseweight.医生有可能建议通过药物干预和行为改变来减肥.第三十五页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation5.Whatarethemostcommonoffendersinfoodallergies?

Whatarethecommonmanifestationsoftoxicload?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十六页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation6.Howhastheself-experimentationchangedtheauthor?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesRecoveryofhisbodyChanginghowhepracticemedicine第三十七页，共64页。PromisingSomeoneorsomethingthatispromisingseemslikelytobeverygoodorsuccessful.很有前途的；前景很好的Sheisamongthemostpromisingplayersinheragegroup.她是所在年龄组中最有前途的选手之一。第三十八页，共64页。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation7.Whatdoesthetitlemean?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesItistimewestopblamingourgenesandfocusonthe70%undertheindividual’scontrol.Thatistherealsolutiontothehealthcarecrisis.第三十九页，共64页。TextASuggestedanswersTask1OverviewCriticalreadingandthinking1.D2.literature,nutrients,stimulation,micronutrients,environmentalUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十页，共64页。TextATask1/Medicalterminology

EnglishChineseDefinition1treatmentofdiseasethroughtheuseofdrugs2thequalityofexistinginseveraldifferentforms3oforrelatingtoanimmuneresponsebythebodyagainstoneofitsowntissues,cells,ormolecules4epinephrine,ahormonesecretedbytheadrenalmedulla5apolymeroftwoormoredifferentmonomerspharmacotherapy药物疗法多态性polymorphism自体免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline肾上腺素SuggestedanswersLanguagebuilding-up2Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十一页，共64页。TextAEnglishChineseDefinition6asubstancethatimprovesthechemicalactivityofanenzyme7asubstancethatdestroysweeds8aspecialistininternalmedicine9anyofvariousdiseasescharacterizedbythickeningorhardening10theactorprocessoftesting,trying,orputtingtotheproofsclerosis硬化〔症〕coenzyme辅酶herbicide除草剂internist内科医生trial试验Task1/MedicalterminologySuggestedanswers2Languagebuilding-upUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十二页，共64页。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageSequenceLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersnextThen,UltimatelyAtfirst,EventuallyNowUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十三页，共64页。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersUltimately1Joggingleftmefirst.________,standingforanytimebecamedifficult._______,despitemyuseofthemostcurrentpharmacotherapies,walkingandevensittingwastiring,soIneededatilt-reclinewheelchair.(Para.5)

2_______,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels._______,realizingIcouldnotaccessthosedrugsunlessIwasinaclinicaltrial,Iturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(Para.8) ThenAtfirstEventuallyUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十四页，共64页。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersNow3DeterminedtooptimizeeverythingIcouldtohelpmybrainheal,I_______lookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(Para.15)4_______Ifocusonteachingmypatientshowtooptimizetheirnutrition,reducetheirtoxicload,andreducetheirriskoffoodallergies.(Para.19) nextUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十五页，共64页。TextATask3/FormalEnglishParaphrasethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithalessformalstyle.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersManythingshavehappenedsincethen.Iwenttoamedicalschool,completedaninternalmedicineresidency,andbecameamotherofasonandadaughter.

2.WhenImanifestedsymptomsofthefootdrop,Iwasdiagnosedwithmultiplesclerosis.

3.Heneverthelessallowedmeatestsession.Itdidhurtseverelyashepreviouslytoldme.

4.Iamagainexperimentingthreeyearsaftermyhealing.TheonlydifferenceisthatthistimeitisanIRB-approvedprotocolinsteadofself-experimentation.

Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十六页，共64页。TextCSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十七页，共64页。TextC

Task:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseSuggestedanswers通常在第二阶段期间或即将完毕时，需要决定是否开场耗资宏大且消耗大量资源的第二阶段b期和关键性的第三阶段临床试验，这是药物研发的第三个里程碑。在这个阶段，显然不仅要进展全面的医学/科学分析，包括对该化合物性能的预判，还要进展全面的财务分析，这些工作是第三个里程碑的一部分。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十八页，共64页。SpeakingMakinganArgumentTaskandadditionalactivityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十九页，共64页。Speaking

Makinganargument

1)thesisstatementorclaim2)evidencethatsupportstheclaim.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十页，共64页。Speaking

MakinganargumentExpressyouropinionItwouldseemtomethat…AsfarasI’mabletojudge,…Mybelief/interpretationis…FromwhatIunderstand,…AsIunderstandit,…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十一页，共64页。Speaking

MakinganargumentProvideevidenceAsevidencedin…Agoodcaseinpointis…

Considerthecaseof..,Anexamplecanbeseen…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十二页，共64页。Speaking

TaskWorkinpairstodebatewitheachotheronthefollowingtopicsbypracticingtheexpressionslistedabove.Shouldpatients’self-experimentationforacurebeencouraged?Shouldthetimerequiredforthedevelopmentofanewdrugbeshortened?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十三页，共64页。Speaking

AdditionalactivityAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十四页，共64页。WritingWritinganintroductionTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十五页，共64页。Writing

ResearchPaperProject

CoverageoftheIntroductiontheliteraturereview;thedefinitionoftheproblem;thepurposeofthepresentstudy;thechoiceofmethods;thestatementofprincipalresultsandconclusionsWritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十六页，共64页。Writing

ResearchPaperProject

GeneralguidelinesNottobetoolongNottocontaintoomuchhistoryandtoomanyreferencesGiveapunchAvoidwritingaverboseIntroductionthatwillmakereviewersmoan:“Whocare?〞——DanielW.Byme,1998,p103WritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十七页，共64页。Writing

SuggestedanswersTask1YesYesYesYesYesNoNoUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十八页，共64页。Writing

SuggestedanswersTask2SimplepresentandpresentperfectBothherpessimplexvirustype1(HSV-1)andtype2(HSV-2)cancauseprimaryinfectionofthegenitaltract,andHSV-1infectionhasbecomeanincreasinglyfrequentcauseofgenitaldisease.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十九页，共64页。Writing

SuggestedanswersTask22