定语从句基础知识

定语从句基础知识定语从句TheAttributiveClauses2Adjective:thegreenteamPrepositionalphrase:theteamingreenAttributiveclause:

theteamwhowerewearinggreen3I.定义：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girl

that/who/whomweweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool?7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.4I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.5I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.6I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.7I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.8I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.9I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool?

7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.10I.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)The

girlthat/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.11Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的man就是先行词。12Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepenthat/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的man就是先行词。131)Doyouknowtheman

who/that

isstandingoverthere?2)Thegirl

that/who/whom

weweretalkingaboutisJoan.3)Didyouseethepen

that/whichIlostyesterday?4)Hetoldmethedatewhen/onwhichhejoinedtheLeague.5)Theplacewhere/inwhichhelivesisfarawayfromhere.6)Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouarelateforschool.7)Whoisthepersonwhosehandwritingisthebestofyou?8)Thebookthat/whichisabouttheUSAhasbeenlost.定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，在例一中的man就是先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词除用于引导定语从句外，还代替先行词在从句中担任一定的语法成分。作主语；宾语；表语；定语；状语等。14关系代词15先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.themachine=thattheboy

=whotheboy’s

=whose关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格16Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.先行词和关系词的关系17Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质themachineamachine18Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.关系代词的实质amachinethat/which19关系代词的实质Jointhefollowingsentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.

herThelady

wesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that20主语宾语定语that/whothat/who(m)whosethat/which关系代词的用法小结whose指人的关系代词指物的关系代词可省略主语宾语定语that/which可省略主谓一致主谓一致21关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.

4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.

5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.

Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/that

hecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.22Ⅰ.用下列关系代词that,which,who,whomandwhose填空。1.That'sthekindwoman___________takescareofthechildren.2.Thenurseisspeakingtothewoman_______daughterisbadlyill.3.Thetrees__________weplantedfiveyearsagohavegrownverybig.4.Theywalkeduptoahouse__________hadareddoor.5.Doyouworkinthebuilding________colorisyellow?6.Heisnottheperson______________Iamlookingfor.7.He___________doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.

that/whowhosewhosethat/whichthat/whichthat/who/whomthat/who23难用的whoseTheteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.whose

=thestudent’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格24whose

在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebook

whose

cover

isblue.=Thisisthebook

ofwhich

thecover

isblue.=Thisisthebook

thecoverofwhich

isblue.25Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLittle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing.ThebossofthecompanytoldthestoryaboutMsKing.HisnamewasMrLittle.HisThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.his26Thisisthegirl.Thegirl’swalletislost.Thisisthegirlwhosewalletislost.Givemethebook.Thebook’scoverisred.=Thecoverofthebookisred.Givemethebookwhosecoverisred.Givemethebook,thecoverofwhichisred.=Givemethebook,ofwhichthecoverisred.27难用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken28whose引导的定语从句。表示所属关系。Theriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose29只用that情况30关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。All______canbedonehasbeendone.Doyouhaveanything________youdon’tunderstand?Thereislittle_______canbebelievedaboutit.Thebookdoesn’tsaymuch________amuseschildren.that

thatthat

that1.先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。31I’vereadallthebooks________youlentme.Nosample________wehavereceivedissatisfactory.Pleasesendusanyinformation________youhaveaboutthesubject.Heistheonlyperson_________waspresentatthetime.

that

that

that

that2.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that。32Hamburgisthemostbeautifulcity

_______I’veeverseen.ThisisthebestTV_______ismadeinChina.Thefirstmuseum_______hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.

thatthatthat3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。Thisisthefirst/second/lastbook(that)hehasread.33Thefamouswriterandhisworks_________theradiobroadcasthavearousedgreatinterestamongthestudents.Avictimisaperson,animalorthing________sufferspain,death,harm,etc.thatthat4.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.345.关系代词在从句中作表语，或先行词指物且在主句中作主语时，关系代词用that.Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.Hedidn’tbecomethekindofpersonthathisfatherwantedhimtobe.Itisasongthatisverypopular.It’sabookthatwillhelpyoualot.35Who_______youhaveeverseencandoitbetter?Who_______youaretalkingtoistheyoungfellow?

that

that做先行词时，引导定语从句用that。Welldone!36

不管先行词是人还是物,只用that的两种情况:Whichisthesubject(that)youaregoingtolearnnextterm?Whoisthemanthatcametoseeyoujustnow?2.关系代词在从句中作表语时：

Heisnolongertheman(that)heusedtobe.1.由which和who开头的问句中避免重复37在非限制性定语从句中只能用which做关系代词的情况在介词后面38下列情况只能用whichHisdog,whichwasveryoldnow,becameillanddied.Whichisthecar,theownerofwhichyouknow?1.非限定性的定语从句2.介词后面39用which（who，whom)的情况Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhom在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。40Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。41One

whohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.TheoneswhoareoftenlateshouldbepunishedDon’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.Anyone

whofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.Anyonewhobreaksthelawispunished.1.先行词是one/ones/anyone时要用who在下列情况指人只能用who而不用that42Thosewhobreakthelawarepunished.Those

whowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.HewhohasnotbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.He

wholaughslastlaughsbest.He

whobreaksthelawispunished.2.先行词为those,he时用“who”而不用“that”.

431.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Which