状语从句Microsoft PowerPoint 幻灯片

副词性从句副词性从句也称状语从句，在句子中起状语的作用。有的状语从句可以在主句前，有的放在主句后，状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、和比较9种意义。时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词和词组有：1.when,while,as;(当…时)2.assoonas,themoment,directly,instantly,immediately;（一…就）3.until,till(直到)4.before(在…之前)5.after(在…之后)6.once(一旦)7.whenever(任何时候)8.everytime,eachtime（每次）注意：在时间状语从句中，常用主将从现，一般将来时常用一般现在时；该用过去将来时，常用一般过去时；该用将来进行时，常用现在进行时。Iwilltellyouwhenhecomesback.IsaidIwouldtellhimwhenhecameback.when,while,as表示主句和从句动作同时发生When既指某一时间点，又可指某个时间段可以与短暂性和延续性动词连用While强调一段时间，所以从句的谓语动词常是延续性的As强调主句和从句的动作相并发生，常译“一边…一边”谓语动词是延续性动词1.Whenhereturned,hiswifewascooking.2.Whilehewasreading(read),hiswifewascooking(cooked).3.Ashewascooking,hewassingingsongs.4.Tombrokehislegwhile/when/ashewasplayingfootball.when和while都可以作为并列连词，连接并列分句，when“在...时候”，while具有对比意义，表示“而，可是”YoulikesportswhileIlikereading.Whilehewasrespected,hewasnotliked.Therewillbelifewhilethereiswaterandair.(只要)

nosooner...thanhardly...when/beforeScarcely...when/beforeIhadhardly(scarcely)satdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Hardly(Scarcely)hadIsatdownwhen

thetelephonerang.否定词位于句首时，要用部分倒装句,为了加强语气。not...until(直到...才)Ididn'tleaveuntilshecameback.Itwas

notuntilshecamebackthatIleft.NotuntilshecamebackdidIleave.notuntil在句首时要用部分倒装NotuntilIarrivedthere,hadthebusgoneaway.知识梳理

by从句时间

主句中的时态

例句现在现在完成时Bynow,Tom_________inBeijingfor281days.过去过去完成时Bytheendoflastmonth,10millionyuan__________________forthosewhowerestrickenbytheearthquake.将来将来完成时BythetimeIretire,I

________________ateacherfor30years.②

在by引导的时间状语从句时，主句要用完成时。hasbeenhadbeencollectedwillhavebeenbythetime“截至....”

可以引导时间状语从句。bythetime引导的从句若是一般现在时，主句主语要用将来完成时；从句若是一般过去时，主句则要用过去完成时。1.Bythetimeyoureceivethisletter,Iwillhaveleftthiscityformyhometown.2.BythetimeIgotthere,thebushadalreadyleft.1.Writeitdownbeforeyouforgetit.（趁）2.Writeitdownwhile/whenyoustillrememberit.3.Withlightmusicbeingplayed,IfallasleepbeforeIknowit.(不知不觉）4.Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.（我们跑了还不到一英里他就感到累了。）Itwillbe+时段+beforeItwas+时段+beforeItwillbe3monthsbeforeIgetthedrivinglicense.Itwon’tbe+时段+beforeItwasnot+时段+beforeItwon’tbelongbeforeIgetajob.5.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.(还没来得及……)6.Putitawaybeforeitgetsbroken.(以免，免得）7.Thatdogshouldbekilledbeforeitattacksmorechildren.8.I’dshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.(宁可……而不）Itwas/willbe+时间段+before过了多久才——Haveyoureceivedtheletter?Yes,butitwasthreedaysbeforeyousentit.Itwas/willbenot+时间段+before没过多久就Itwillnotbelongbeforehegetsanewjob.ItwasthreeyearsagothatImetmygirlfriend.ItwassixwhenImether.ItwasatsixthatImether.地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词：where,wherever,everywhereThereareplentyofsheepwhereIlive.where引导的地点状语从句和定语从句的区别定从：where是关系副词，从句中地点状语，前面有先行词，where引导的从句修饰先行词。状从：是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，where前无先行词。1.Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.2.Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmandwhereitrainsoften.原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的词有because，as,since,nowthat(既然)，seeingthat（鉴于）,for,inthatbecausesinceassince“既然”，表示较为明显的原因Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.as"由于",表示较为明显的原因，语气较弱。Asitissnowing,you'dbettertakeataxi.for,不能位于句首，只能置于句子中，前面有逗号隔开,for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明。Iwenttoseehim,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.目的状语从句1.Inorderthat；sothat；

2.forfearthat；incase;lest(以免)Inorderthat可位于句首，句中，sothat只能位于句中Hesenttheletterbyairmailinorderthat(sothat)itmightreachthemingoodtime.=Inorderthatthelettermightreachthemingoodtimehesenttheletterbyairmail.结果状语从句So+形容词/副词+thatSo+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+thatSuch+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+(形容词)+复数可数名词+thatSuch+(形容词)+不可数名词+thatSheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.Sheissobeautifulagirlthat…Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthat…引导结果状语从句的连词：so……that,such……that(如此……以致于)sothat;that(结果)Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.=Itwassogoodadaythatweallwentswimming.HespokesofastthatIcouldn’tfollowhim.So+many(much,few,little)+名词+thatSuch+alotof(lotsof)+名词+thatSothat引导目的状语从句时，该从句中常使用may(might)等情态动词，引导结果状语从句时，从句中多不用情态动词，而且从句前有逗号。Hedidn’tstudyhard,sothathefailedintheexam.Hesenttheletterbyairmailinorderthat(sothat)itmightreachthemingoodtime.条件状语从句引导词：if;suppose;supposing(that);provided;providing(that);onconditionthat(如果，假若)；unless（除非）；

aslongas(只要)；incase（万一）条件状语从句中，要用主将从现（和时间状语从句相同）Youwillmissthetrainifyoudon’thurry.有时主句中用祈使句和情态动词来替代将来时态Ifyougetthebook,letmeknow.Ifyoudrink,don’tdrive.Ifyoudrink,youshouldn’t/willnotdrive.如果主句谓语动词是want,hope等词，则条件状语从句用一般现在时。Whatdoyouwanttodoifyouhavemuchmoney?Ifyoufinishthework,___towatchTVforawhile.A.goB.togoC.goingD.wentYoucangotowatchTVforawhile.Unless在意义上=if…not，但比if语气更强：

(2)Suppose和supposing(that)相当于if.(3)provided,providingthat,onconditionthat,so(as)longas相当于onlyif：

Aslongas(=Onlyif)youdon’tloseheart,willyousucceed.Thecomputercannotworkunlessyouopentheelectricity.=Thecomputercannotworkifyoudon’topentheelectricity.Hewouldhavediedifthedoctorshadnotsavedher.虚拟条件句中，unless不等于if…notOnlyif和ifonlyOnlyif只要……，引导用陈述语序的真实条件句：Onlyifyoustudyhard,willyoupassthetest.Ifonly但愿……,要是……就好，常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。Ifonlywehadarrivedintime,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.Incase“万一，以防”Takeacoatincasetheweatherturnscold.incase+从句

incaseof+名词Incaseofthecoldweather,takeacoat.“inthatcase”如果那样的话让步状语从句Evenif;eventhough;nomatterwho;whenever;Nomatter+whWh-+everAs=though在名词性从句中，能用Wh-+ever，不能用Nomatter+wh。Nomatterwhathesays,Iwilllistentohim.=whateverhesays,Iwilllistentohim.Iwilllistentowhateverhesays.Although,though,不能跟but连用。但是可以跟yet,still,nevertheless连用As引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语和动词原形。Childasheis,heknowsalot.Goodasheis,hewillneverbetopofhisclass.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.方式状语从句方式状语从句常由asasifasthough,justas等引导，且多置于主句之后。有时，方式状语从句不用连词引导，而是用词或词组引导。As“依照，像……一样，如……一样”Hemustdoasthedoctoradvises.Heattendedthemeetingontimeashehadbeentoldtodo.

Justas“正如”Ididitjustasyoutoldme.Isawthestreetsju