四级作文训练

四级作文讲解

四级各类作文训练一、议论文一．现象解释型

此类作文在考试作文中最为常见。命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论。其基本结构是：首先说明现状；其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。一）welearnthatnowadays_总述社会现象或社会事实_____,whichhasarousedthegreat/commonconcern.Whatimpressesusmostis_社会突出现象___.Therearemanyreasonsaccountingfor_现象或变化___.Firstofall,_原因一____.Whatismore,_原因二___.Forexample,_举例说明原因二___.Inaddition,_原因三____.Therefore,总结原因导致的结果____.AsfarasIamconcerned,我的观点.Foronething/ononehand,理由一.Foranother/ontheotherhand,理由二.Inbrief,段落总结句.二）．Accordingtothechart/graph/table/picture,itisclearthat图表/画内容总概括.Thechart/graph/table/pictureshow具体描述图表/图画内容一，while具体描述图表/图画内容二.Manyreasonscontributeto现象概括。Tobeginwith,原因一。进一步阐述原因一。Moreover,原因二。Inaddition,原因三。Asaresult,段落总结句。Astome,我的观点/态度/建议。Firstofall,理由一。Besides,理由二。Toconclude,段落总结句。1.StudentUseofComputers.1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使用计算机的时间:1990年（2hours）、1995年(4hours)、2002年(14hours)，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。StudentUseofComputersFromthechart,welearnthatnowadaysstudentuseofcomputershadgrownsharply,whichhasarousedthegreatestconcern.Whatimpressesusmostisthatin2000,collegestudentsaveragelyspent20hoursperweekoncomputer,whichismoretentimesthanthesizetenyearsago.Therearemanyreasonsaccountingforthisphenomenon.Firstofall,thedecreasingpriceofPCplaysanimportantpart.Whatismore,internetprovidesstudentsandamazingworldtoexplore.Forexample,peoplecanmakefriendsaroundtheworld.Inaddition,forstudents,thecomputercanbeagreathelptotheirstudy.Therefore,moreandmorestudentsdevotetheirtimetocomputers.AsfarasIamconcerned,therearesomeproblemsexistinginstudentuseofcomputers.Ononehand,lackofskillsfailsstudentstomakefulluseofthecomputer.Ontheotherhand,lackingnecessarydisciplines,somestudentsindulgeincomputergamesandnetworld,forgettingtheirmajortasksascollegestudents.Inbrief,Imayreasonablyconcludethatthereisstillalottodotohelpstudentsmakegooduseofcomputers.1.ThePopularityofWechat1．近年来“微信”越来越流行，许多人利用“微信”来表达心声、交流想法，还有人利用微信做生意。2．微信流行的原因。3．我的看法。Someusefulexpressions:isveryconvenientforpeopletoexpress…releasetheirinnerstressrevealtheirheartfeltemotionsontheweichatreachtheinformationanytimewithmobilephoneofferin-timecomfortNetcitizen=netizenSomemistakes:Itisconvenientfornetizenstoexpres.wecanrevealingourfeelings.Reveal/letoutone'sprivacy/privateinformationnetcitizentoopenthewechatFirstofall,itisconvenientforpeopletoexpressthemselvesthroughmicro-blogging.What'smore,peoplecanreleasetheirinnerstress.Forexample,onecanexpresstheirdissatisfactionwhichcanonlyspeakonthenet.Therefore,peoplemayofferin-timecomfortthroughmicro-blogging.2.作文训练：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteanessayonthetopicCrazeforCivilServiceExaminations.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:现在有越来越多的大学毕业生报考公务员；引起此现象的原因；你的看法。UsefulEhisincreasinglycompetitivesocietycompeteforonepostcompetition,competitive,competitor,acivilservantgraduate,undergraduate,postgraduateSomemistakes:Crazy,crazethereforgraduaterCompetition,competeforoneposition/postcompetitorservantnowdaystobeacivilserviceTheywillneverlostthejob.Graduatesfindworkveryhardandtobeaservantisagoodwork.Graduatesareveryhardtogetajob.Welearnthatnowdaysmoreandmoregraduatebecomecrazyforcivilserviceexaminationshasarousedthecommonconcern.Thetreatmentisverywell.Thecivilservanthasverywellmaterialbenefits.wellsalaryWhatimpressusmostisthat…Peopleshouldchoosethejobwhichyoulike.Weshouldchoosethejobwhichyoulike.Foronething,...Ontheotherhand,...Foronehand,...Fortheotherhand,...Foronething,..Foranotherhand,...Foronehand,...Ontheotherhand,...Theyusuallyneedtoworktootired.Theirwageislarge/big.OneExample:Fromthedailynews,welearnthatnowadaystherearemoreandmoregraduatesparticipatingincivilserviceexamination,whichhasarousethegreatconcern.Whatimpressesusmostisthattheamountofcompetorshasincreasedtosuchacrazyextentthatabout4000personscompetedwithonepositioninthelastfewyears.Therearemanyreasonsaccountingforthephenomenon.Firstofall,asyouknow,graduationmeansthatwelosethejob.What'smore,havingnotmeettheirdailydemand,thejobtheycouldfindgavethemlessincomethanordinaryworkers.Inaddition,forgraduates,theycanimprovetheirpresentconditionbymeansofbecomingacivilservice.AsfarasI'mconcerned,it'sclearthatthiskindofphenomenonisanextremelyterriblecycle.Ononehand,thedemandofpositionsingovernmentsystemislessthanthesupplyofgraduatesparticipatingincivilserviceexamination.Onetheotherhand,graduatesshouldseekothermethodstosolvetheproblemsaboutjob,liketobeapost-graduateorincreasingabilitythemselves.Inbrief,imayreasonablyconcludethatunder-graduatesshouldbegintoconsidertheirfuturebeforegraduating.二．对比选择型基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由；阐述第二种（相对或相反的）观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由；表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因。Forexample:TheFutureofOurWorld一些人对人类社会的未来持乐观态度，因为…另一些人则持悲观态度（如：污染、战争、自然灾害等对人类的威胁…）我的看法一）．Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson看法/问题。Somepeopleconsider一种看法/观点.However,othersthinkthat另一种看法/观点.Somepeoplemaysay观点一的理由.Theyholdthisopinionbecause深入阐述观点一的理由.However,othersbelieve观点二的理由.Theyarguethat深入阐述观点二的理由.Personally,Iaminfavor

ofthe我的观点或看法.Firstly,个人看法的依据一.Secondly,个人看法的依据二.Mostimportantofall,个人看法的依据三.Takingabove-mentionedfactorsintoconsideration,Imayreasonablyconcludethat重申观点。

二）．Thereisnocompleteagreementamongpeopleasto问题/事物.Somepeopleprefer一种看法/观点.Otherstendto另一种看法/观点.Astome,Iagreewith/tothefirst/secondone.

Ofcourse,我不赞同的观点的合理性.For

example,支持其合理性的例子.But,我不赞同的观点的不足.Thefollowingreasonscanaccountfor

mypreferencefor我赞同的观点。

Themainreasonis支持观点的理由一.Agoodexampletoillustrateis支持理由一的例子.Foranother,支持观点的理由二.Inthelongrun,重申观点。Oneexample:IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?1.很多认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......2.也有人持不同意见，......3.我的看法和打算IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?DifferentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonthenecessityofatestofspokenEnglish.Somepeopleconsiderthatitisnecessaryforcollegestudentstohavesuchatest.However,othersthinkthatitisuselesstoemphasizetheimportanceofspokenEnglish.SomepeoplemaysaythatatestofspokenEnglishisveryimportant.Theyholdthisopinionbecausetheymaintainthatsuchatestcanstimulatecollegestudentstohaveconversationpractice.However,othersbelievethattakingsuchatestisawasteoftime.Theyarguethatitisreading,translatingandwritingskillsthatreallymatter.Personally,Iaminfavoroftheformeropinion.Firstly,spokenEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinglobalcommunication.Secondly,suchatestcanstrengthenstudents’awarenessoftheimportanceofspokenEnglish.Mostimportantofall,ifwecan’tspeakfluently,wewillnotachievetheultimatepurposeoflearningEnglish:tocommunicatewithforeigners.Toconclude,itisnecessaryforcollegestudentstotakeatestofspokenEnglish.1.TheFutureofOurWorld一些人对人类社会的未来持乐观态度，因为…另一些人则持悲观态度（如：污染、战争、自然灾害等对人类的威胁…）我的看法Someusefulexpressionsoptimistic,pessimistichave/takepositiveornegativeattitudetowardsomethingSomenaturaldisasters:FukushimaofJapan,leakingofnuclearpower,NuclearPowerPlant,ahighlevelofradiationisdetectedSomemistakes:支持的第某种观点与论述相矛盾铅笔写作文英语中没有顿号不修改作文beoptimistic/pessimisticabouttheformer,thelattermordencreattechnique,technologyword,worldwiththedevelopingofsociety/scienceandtechnologybefacedwith=faceFacedthequestionofthefutureofourworlddestroy,damagethenatural'ssystem=theecologicalsystembesatisfiedwith,satisfactoryHumenbeingsiscreative.Theirlivingstandardisimprove.anwonderfulfutureTheymaymetsomeprobleminthefuture.Thenaturaldisatersistoooften.Peopleisbecomingmoreandmore...aseriesofsevereproblemOurlivingenvironmentwillnotchangedeasily.Ifwearenotprotectourenvironmentproperly,someday...TherearesomenaturaldisasterslikeTyphoon,Snowstorm,Tsunanmi,Earthquakeandsooncreaterisksformankind.Secondly,typhoonandsnowstormcanbeforecastednow.Wecouldgetreadyinadvance.Theyholdthisopinionbecausepeoplewillplantmoretrees,therewillbelesspollution.Ithinkmanhascreativepower,hecanestablishanicefuture.Somepeoplemaysaythatwehaveadvancedtechnology.Theyholdthisopinionbecausehumankindcandealwitheverythingthroughadvancetechnologyandhumankind'sintelligence.Somepeoplemaysaythehospitalscontinuetoimprovemedicalconditions,medicaltechnologyhasimproved.Theyholdthisopinionbecause...Somepeoplemaysaythatwiththedevelopingoftechnology,ourlivesbecomemoreandmoreconvenient.Theyholdthisopinionbecause...Goodexample:Personally,Iaminfavoroftheformeropinion.Firstly,manisnotonlyadwellerinnature,healsotransformsit.Secondly,associetydevelops,mantendstobecomelessdependentonnaturedirectly,sothebadinfluenceofnaturebecomeslowerthanbefore.2.TravelAloneor

TravelwithaCompanion?1)有的人喜欢独自旅行，认为（因为）…2)有的人喜欢与别人结伴而行，认为（因为）…3)你更喜欢哪种旅行方式，为什么SomeusefulexpressionsWhenitcomestotravelingway,…EhejourneysharecostsandpleasureoftravelingwithsomebodySomemistakes:toomanydotstravelalone,travelwithacompanionacompanymoresafedanger,dangerousthemselfThereasonsarethefollowing.Thereasonsareasfollows.Somepeoplemaysaytheyenjoymorefreedom.Theyholdthisopinionbecausehecangoanywhere...Astotravelingalone,peoplemaysaythatwecouldarrangeourtouraswewishes.Besides,wecouldenjoymorefreedombythistravelingway.However,thepeoplewholikestotravelwithacompanionthinksthatifwetakefriendsorotherpeopleforcompanywhentraveling,wecouldsharecostsandpleasureoftravelingwithsomebody.Also,bythisway,wecouldbemoresafewhentraveling.Somepeoplesticktotravelingwithcompanions.Intheiropinions,Firstly,Fromtheviewofsecurity,theymaymeetsomeproblemsordangerunforecastedwhenwecomeintoastrangeenvironment.Sowewillgethelpifwetravelwithcompanions,besides,wecansharecostsandpleasureoftravelingwithourcompanion.Somepeoplemaysaytravelalone,hecanenjoymorefreedom.Theyholdthisopinionbecausehecanarrangehistourashewishes,everythingisuponhimself.However,othersbelieve...Oneexample:

People'sopinionsvarywhenitcomestotravelingway.Somepeopleconsiderthattravelingaloneisagoodchoice,whileothersthinktotravelwithacompanion.

Thosewhotravelalonearguethattheycanarrangetheirtourastheirwishes.Theyalsofirmlybelievethattheycouldenjoymorefreedominthejourney.However,thosewhotravelwithacompanionthinkdifferently.Forthem,theycansharecostsandpleasureoftravelingwithothers.Moreover,takingtheirfriendsforcompanyisasafeandreliableway.

Personally,Iaminfavorofthelatteropinion.Firstly,wecantravelingtogetherwithourbelovedperson.Secondly,wecanhelpeachotherwhentravelwithacompanion.Mostimportantofall,itisasafeandreliablewayastheythink.Takingabove-mentionedfactorsintoconsideration,Imayreasonablyconcludethattravelingwithacompanionismoreappropriatethantravelingalone.2.OntheSpringFestivalGala1.许多人喜欢观看中央台的春节晚会；2.但有些人更喜欢地方台的春晚和各个网络春晚；3.我的看法。Someusefulexpressions:theSpringFestivalGalainvolveallkindsofprogramsCrosstalksandothercomicperformancesaddsupmorefunandexcitementlackoforiginalityitsdominantstatushaveastrongfeelingforcateringtothechangeoftheaudience’staste三．问题解决型此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表入手，解释提示性文字或图表反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的态度、做法等。基本方法为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。

HowtoReduceCheatinginExams?1.学生作弊现象越来越严重2.作弊的原因3.如何杜绝作弊现象TrafficandPopulation1.交通问题已经成为大城市的主要问题之一。2.产生交通问题的原因。3.应采取措施解决这个问题。ReduceWasteonCampus1.有些大学校园浪费现象日益严重2.浪费的危害3.杜绝浪费,从我做起ProblemsFacedbySingleParentChildren1.单亲家庭的普遍性2.单亲家庭对孩子产生的危害性3.怎样解决单亲家庭的孩子面临的问题OnlineShopping1.网上购物成为现代家庭购物的一种新方式，它给人们带来了很多方便，同时也暴露出很多弊端2.我们应该如何把握这一新兴的购物方式3.我的看法HowtoFightAgainstObesity?1.肥胖症不但在发达国家盛行，在中国也很普遍2.如何摆脱肥胖症的困扰3.我的看法一).Itiswell-knownthat相关背景，butnowadays总述不良现象或问题。现象具体表现一。现象具体表现二。Itshouldbepaidattentiontothat该现象,

whichiscausinggreatharm/

whichiscausedformanyreasons.Ononehand,危害一/原因一。Ontheotherhand,危害二/原因二。Therefore,itishightimethat解决该问题。Firstofall,解决方法一。进一步阐述方法一。Secondly/Inaddition,解决方法二。Thirdly/Besides/Moreover,解决方法三。Onlyinthiswaycanwe解决问题。

二）.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyabout现象事实。Itisobviousthat危害一/作用一。Additionally,危害二/作用二。Sohowto解决问题isworthpayingattentionto.Ononehand/Firstly,解决方法一。进一步阐述方法一。Ontheotherhand/Secondly,解决方法二。Forexample,支持该方法的例子。Inaddition/Thirdly,解决方法三。Infact,morethan….wayscanbeadopted.Asforme,我的思考或看法。Allinall,总结全文。HowtoReduceCheatinginExams?1.学生作弊现象越来越严重2.作弊的原因3.如何杜绝作弊现象HowtoReduceCheatinginExams?Itiswell-knownthatstudentsareaskedtoanswerallquestionsinexamsbythemselves,butnowadaysmoreandmorestudentstendtocheatinexams.Foronething,somestudentscopytheanswersfromothers.Foranother,someevenaskringerforhelp.Itshouldbepaidattentiontothatthisphenomenoniscausedformanyreasons.Ononehand,somestudentscheattopasstheexamorgethigherscores.Ontheotherhand,theyareundergreatpressurefromparentsandtheyfeartofailinexamsorfallbehindothers.Therefore,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestopreventthestudentsfromcheatinginexams.Firstofall,weshouldexplaintheharmofcheatingtothestudents.Itisobviousthateducationisaneffectiveway.Secondly,punishmentorpenaltyshouldbegiventothosewhohavebeenfoundcheating.Thirdly,lesspressurefrombothparentsandteachersshouldbeplacedonstudents.Onlyinthiswaycanwereducecheatinginexams.HowtoSolveHousingproblem

inBigCities住房越来越困难分析原因如何解决UsefulExpressionswiththedevelopmentofmodernindustryPeopleflowintosomewheresolutiontosolvetheproblembybuildingsatellitecitiesrelievetheburdenofhousingcomplicated,complexItshouldbepaidattentiontotheburdenofhousingwhichiscausinggreatharm.Itshouldbepaidattentiontothatphenomenoniscausinggreatharm.Peopleflowintosomewhere.BigCitiesSalvethesecondpatternItiswell-knowthatmoreandmorepeopleflowintobigcities.Therearemanyreasonsaccountforthisphenomenon.Therearesomanypeopleflowintobigcities.Therearemanyreasonsleadtothesituation/thisproblem.ItishightimethatpeopledidsomethingItishightimetodosomething.

所谓卫星城市是指大城市管辖区范围内与中心城市有一定距离,在生产、生活等方面,既有一定联系,又按规划建成自成体系的工业企业、住宅区和成套的生活服务设施,具有相对独立和一定规模的城市。

现代卫星城市就是地处大都市周边，同大都市的中心城市有一定距离，具有一定数量人口规模，并且同大都市中心城区有着密切联系的新兴城镇。确认是否能够成为卫星城市的关键是这些新兴城镇同特大城市中心城区联系的密切程度，与该城镇的人口规模以及与中心城市的交通距离无关。在城市建设中，卫星城市常常作为母城发展规划的一部分，职能主要是承担母城的部分功能，限制母城的过分扩张。

四.观点论证型此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。基本方法为：分析主题→得出结论→举例论证→得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。一).Itistruethat提出普遍存在地观点.However,谈不同地观点.Ithink自己地观点，即文章地论点.过度句，转折到观点地论证，由题目选择具体的词canbelistedasfollow.Firstofall,论证理由一.Secondly论证理由二.For

example举例具体说明理由二.Thirdly,论证理由三.Acaseinpointis举例说明理由三.Itgoeswithoutsayingthat提出执行该观点时应注意的事项.Thereisnodoubtthat得出结论.Inconclusion总结全文.

二).Somepeoplebelievethat直接提出本文的观点.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.Asweknow,论证理由一.Inaddition,论证理由二.Therearenumerousexamplessupportingtheargument.Acaseinpointis举例一具体论证.Thereisclosetosuggest观点正确性.For

anotherexample引出并说明第二个例子.Moreover,阐述第三个例子.Allmentionedabovetellus重申论点.Butonethingwehavetonoticeisthat提出个人建议.Inaword,总结全文.ItPaystoBeHonest1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2.诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实ItPaystoBeHonestItistruethatmostofusvaluehonestyhighly.However,nowadaysweoftenconfrontconfidencecrisissuchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.Ithinkthatweshouldbehonestbecausebeinghonestisnotonlythewholesociety.Thereasonscanbelistedasfollows.Firstly,onlyhonestpeoplecanbetrulyrespectedbytheothersandcanmakemorefriendsoveralongperiodoftime.Secondly,honesty,whichisthetraditionalvirtueoftheChinesepeople,canmakeourlifeeasierandmoreharmonious.For

example,consumerswillnotbeafraidofbeingoverchargedifdealersarehonest,andonthecontrarydealerscanwinmorecustomers.Thirdly,honestycanmakeoursociety.AcaseinpointisthatSingaporewhichisasocietyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasacomparativelylowcriminalrate.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatbeinghonestyisofbenefittoboththesameandtheindividual.Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldfosterthespiritofhonesty.Inconclusion,layingstressonhonestywillbecomethepublicmoralsinoursociety.

ItPaystoBeHonestSomepeoplebelievethatmanydishonesties,suchascheating,overcharging,fakecommodities,etc.ruinournormallife,andtheymaintainthatbeinghonestisnotonlybeneficialtoothersbutalsotooneself.Thetruthisdeepandprofound.Asweknow,ifoneishonest,otherpeoplewilldeeplyrespecthimor

her,andarewillingtomakefriendswithhimor

her.Inaddition,beinghonestcanmakepeople’slifeeasierandmoreharmonious.Therearenumerousexamplessupportingtheargument.AcaseinpointisthatSingaporewhichisasocietyoftrustworthinessandintegrityhasacomparativelylowcriminalrate.Thisisclosetosuggestthathonestycanmakeoursocietymorestable,andallpeoplecanliveapeacefullifethere.For

anotherexample,buyersusuallyliketomakeadealwiththedealerstheytrust.Moreover,thedealer,suchasTongrentangHerbalMedicineShopwhichrunsbusinesshonestlyismorelikelysurvivethefiercemarketcompetition.Allmentionedabovetellusthatitishightimethatwetookactiontofightagainstdishonesty.Butonethingwehavetonoticeisthatsometimesweneedwhiteliest