B3 U9 补充课件词汇翻译与写作

MUSICunit9soothe(v.)

(Line1,Para1)1)makelessangryoranxious;comfortorcalm使平静；使镇静；安慰

2)(+with)makelesspainful

缓和（疼痛）；减轻（痛苦）soothing(a.)

(Line7,Para2)Somepeople_______theirnerveswithmusic(用音乐舒缓神经).But________words(安慰的话)workbesttome.This________medicine(止痛药)willefficiently______________________(减轻喉咙痛苦).

soothing

soothesoothing

sootheyoursourthroat请用soothe或soothing填空。Exercisecommission(Line10,Para.3)

(v.)

formallyasksomeonetodoapieceofwork委托

(n.)

1)委员会，调查团，考察团

2)佣金，回扣

3)授权，委托；所授之权，所托之事RowanwascommissionedtosendthemessagetoGarcia.

罗文受托将这封信交给加西亚。TranslationThecommissionforpaintingapictureofthePresidentwasgiventoawell-knownartist.给总统画像的事项已经委托给了一位著名画家。TranslationHereceivesacommissionof10percentonsales,aswellasasalary.他按销售数量收取百分之十的佣金，另外还有一份薪水。Recently,acommissiononeducationwassenttoAmerica.

最近，一支教育考察团被派往美国考察。beapttodosth.(Line18,Para.4)habituallyliable,customarilydisposed,likely,pronetodosomething

易于做某事She

isapttofollowthefashion.她爱赶时髦。Translation当你把人置于那种愤怒状态时，很容易出麻烦。Whenyougetmenintothatstateofanger,thereisapttobetroublecoming.apt指人的机体或精神上的固有的或习惯的倾向等。比较

apt,liable,likely和prone词汇辨析liable指易于产生某种对主语不利的后果，如风险、危险、伤害、惩罚等。likely常用词。强调客观上的可能性，用于指将来。prone指有某种弱点、错误或不良行为的倾向。请用apt,liable,likely或prone填空。ExerciseWearedrivingacrossanaccident-______zone.Mr.Greenis_______tomarrythisyear.likelyproneInwinter,anoldmanis______tocatchcold.liableAcarelesspersonis____tomakemistakes.aptgovern(v.)(Line19,Para.4)1)rule(acountry,city,etc.)

统治；管理

2)controlordetermine管理；支配派生词：governmentgovernmentalanti-governmentalgovernor不要被别人的话所左右。一位民主的校长管理着这所学校。Theschoolisgovernedbyademocraticmaster.Don’tbegovernedbywhatotherssay.Translationbeinclinedtodo(Line23,Para.5)1)encouraged;feelingawishtodo

赞成……的；愿意的

2)likely;tendingto

易于；倾向于请根据提示完成下面的对话。ExerciseHe______________totakeInternet-writingashiscareer.他很想以网络写作为自己的事业。ismuchinclinedI____________accepttheirinvitation.我倾向于接受他们的邀请。

aminclinedtowander(v.)(Line26,Para.5)1)gofromplacetoplace漫游；漫步；徘徊

2)leavetherightpathordirection

迷失

3)(+from/off)beabsent-minded;allowthethoughtstogofromsubjecttosubject心不在焉；胡思乱想他眼睛在看书，脑子却在胡思乱想。TranslationHiseyeswerereadingbookswhilehismindwaswandering.周游欧洲，他回想起了他曾住过的小村庄。WanderingthroughEurope,herecalledthesmallvillageheoncedwelt.TranslationPleasedon’twanderfromthesubject.请别偏离正题。overtake(v.)

(Line34,Para.7)

1)comeorcatchupwith

赶上；追上；超越

2)(ofstormsortroubles)comeupon(sb.)suddenly,bysurprise

（风暴、麻烦）突然降临在过去的五年里，中国的经济增长速度超过了许多发达国家。TranslationInthepastfiveyears,China’seconomicgrowthrate

overtookthatofmanydevelopedcountries.Hewasovertakenbymisfortuneovernight.一夜之间厄运突然降临到他头上。同undertake比较：1)agreetodosth.

承担；承揽；答应2)start(apieceofwork)

着手；开始一项工作3)affirm;promise

确定；许诺；担保请用overtake

或undertake填空并注明中文解释。ExerciseWhowill_________theleadershipoftheteam?

undertake

Exportshavealready_________lastyear’sfigure.

overtaken

Hewas_________by/withfear.

overtaken（担任）（超过）

（为……所压倒）Theycouldn’t________thattheywillmakeaprofit.

undertake（保证）induce(v.)(Line39,Para.9)1)bringabout;cause

产生；造成

2)makesomeonedecidetodosomething

引诱；诱导Translation过度地打网络游戏，使他视力下降。Overplayingthenetgamesinducedhispooreyesight.Littlechildrenareverylikelytoliebecausetheyarestrongly

inducedbytastyfood.

小孩子极易因美食的诱惑而撒谎。请用形近词induce,deduce或reduce填空。ExerciseBitterlifehas_______hismotherintoaskinnywhite-hairedoldwoman.

reducedOnthebasisofevidencethepolice_______thathewasguilty.deducedLust(欲望)formoneyandpower_______himtohoptoanothercompany.induced（变成）（演绎；推断）（引诱）distract(Line46,Para.10)(v.)(+from)drawawaysb’sattentionfromsth.

使分心；注意力分散

(adj.)-ed(with/by)withthemindconfusedorbewildered

心情纷乱的；困惑的语境模拟练习ExercisePlace:Teacher’sofficeSpeakers:Teacher(T)andStudent(S)withproblemsinconcentration语境模拟练习ExerciseT:Hi,boy,itseemsthatyouarenotdoingwellthesedays.S:Yeah,Iameasyto_______________mystudy.T:Theremustbereasons.S:Youknow,I___rather_____________choices.Myfamilycannotsupportmyfuturestudyhere…

bedistractedfromamdistractedwithtract

=

拉，抽abstract

(adj.)

抽象的

(n.)

摘要attract

(v.)

吸引构词法contract

(n.)

合同

(v.)

签订合同extract

(v.)取出；摘录subtract

(v.) 减，减去hazard(Line68,Para.14)(v.)(+by/for/in/on)taketheriskof;exposetodanger冒……之险；使遭受危险

(n.)(C)risk;danger冒险；危险攀岩者有时会冒着生命的危险在攀岩。Rock-climberssometimes_______________.不要冒着败坏自己名声的危险去帮别人在考试中作弊。Don’t___________________byhelpingotherscheatinexams.hazardtheirliveshazardyourreputation吸烟是健康上的冒险。Smokingcigarettesis_____________.ahealthhazard请完成下面的句子。Exercisedanger是最普通用语。泛指面临的一切危险、危害、威胁。常见搭配：indanger(在危险中)

outofdanger(脱离危险)

freefromdanger(没有危险)比较

danger,risk和hazard词汇辨析risk指可能发生但又难以预料的危险，也常用来表示生意活动中可能遇到的风险。常见搭配：atrisk(有危险)

atallrisk(无论如何)

torun/takearisk(冒险)hazard指由于偶然的情况引起的危险或危害。请用danger,risk或hazard填空。ExerciseHeisin______oflosingallhismoneyifhecontinuestospendingmoneythatway.

dangerTheyrefusedtoinvestinthetextileindustrywheretherewasmore_____thanelsewhere.riskExhaustfumesfromthatplantisa_______tothesurroundingtown.hazard本课出现的四六级词汇

at/behindthewheel:在驾驶e.gWhowasatthewheelwhenthecarcrashed?Musicmaysoothethesavagebreastbutitcanalsodamageyourhealthwhenyouareatthewheel.(line2)撞车的时候谁在开车？2.…blastingawayinsideacar,canbedangerous,….(line3)blastaway:playinaloudvoice.blastvt.

1)炸开（岩石）

2)使枯萎而死

3)咒骂1）他们已炸掉这块岩石以便修一条新的路。2）寒冷的风摧毁了春天才生长出来的东西。3）Blastit!活该!;该死!Blasthim!活该!;该死!They'veblastedawaytherocktobuildthenewroad.Theicywindhadblastedthenewspringgrowth.3.Therearetwoextremesinmusic,bothofwhichcanresultinrisk.(line5)

resultin

:v.

Leadto,cause,bringon,bringabout,makeforresult的相关词组：resultin导致resultfrom由…产生asaresultof:作为结果intheresult:结果是withtheresultthat:因此3.Therearetwoextremesinmusic,bothofwhichcanresultinrisk.(line5)

这次事故造成三人死亡。2.他的努力终成泡影

3.因为有雾该航班误点。4.通过他自己的努力，他最终赢得了人们的尊敬5.我迟到了，因此我误了火车。Theaccidentresultedinthreepeoplebeingkilled.Nothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.Theflightwasdelayedasaresultoffog.Intheresult,heachievedpeople’srespectthroughhiseffort.

Iwaslate,withtheresultthatImissedthetrain.B练习：Alovelymarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily______muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.(1996.01CET4)TakeoverB)resultinC)holdonD)keepup4.…whichisconcernedwithroadsafety,commissionedresearchIntotherelationshipbetweenseriousaccidentsandmusic.(line9)commissioned:

V.1)Tograntacommissionto.授予一项任务

2)Toplaceanorderfor:委托做某事：

3)Toput(aship)intoactiveservice.使（船）服役1）Thekingcommissionedanewpieceofmusic.

国王下令谱一首新曲。

我授权银行代我缴税。2）Ihavecommissionedthebanktopaymytaxes

那个著名的作曲家为这个节庆受托写一首新的交响乐曲3)Thefamouscomposerwascommissionedanewsymphonyforthefestival.4.…whichisconcernedwithroadsafety,commissionedresearchIntotherelationshipbetweenseriousaccidentsandmusic.(line9)习惯用语：incommission1）服役中（用于船）2）在使用中或在使用条件中

oncommission：委托

outofcommission：不在使用或工作条件Theinsurancecompanypaidhim$4000in____afterhisaccident.(1997.06CET6)CompensationB)installmentC)submissionD)commissionA5.Theydidfindthemselvesmakingfastergearchangesacceleratingmorequicklyandbrakingmoreabruptly.(line18)

accelerating:prep.

1)toincreasethespeedof.2)tospeedup(anacademiccourse,forexample1)Itisakindofsubstanceusedtoaccelerateafire.这是一种用以加大火势的物质2）Acceleratingtheacademiccoursemakeitpossiblefor(astudent)tograduateearlier.跳级使（学生）可能比正常时间早些毕业acceleration：n.加速，加快accelerator:n加速器练习：Thepoliticalaction_____thecollapseofthecorruptiongovernment.AdvancedB)hastenedC)acceleratedD)promoted答案是：CAdvance主要指加快具体事物的进程Hasten:催促某人做某事Accelerate:指动作的加快，速度的提高Promote：以某种凡是促进事物向预期的方向发展1)Thetowngovernmentputthebrakesonalltheseprojectsbygivingthemlessmoney.(喻)镇政府削减对所有这些工程的拨款,使它们都停顿下来了。2)

Thecarbrakedtoastop.车刹住不走了brake(line18)：n.Adeviceforslowingorstoppingmotion,asofavehicle,especiallybycontactfriction.

v.ToreducethespeedofB练习：Hetriedhisbestto_______thecarinordertoavoidtheaccident.A)breakB)brakeC)brakieD)bake7.Slower,moreambienttrackslikeChopinstimulateachangeinaperson’sbrainpattern,encouragingAlphawavesandinducingafeelingofwell-being.(line33)Toomuchoverworkwillnotonlymakepeoplefeeldepressedbutalsoinduceillness.练习：Whenherealizehehadbeen______tosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatentostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.(1999.01CET6)A)ElicitedB)excitedC)deduceD)induced

induce：tobringaboutorstimulatetheoccurrenceof;

引起引发或激发；导致：e.g.工作过度劳累，不仅会使人心情沮丧还会导致疾病的发生D

8.Thegreatestdangerisfatigueatthewheel.(line35)1)我们到旅程的终点时全都累倒了。

fatigue：physicalormentalwearinessresultingfromexertion.Wewereallsufferingfromfatigueattheendofourjourney2)由于长时间睡眠不足，她的脸上呈现出疲惫的苍白Becauseofhavingnosufficientsleepforalongtime,herfacelookedpalewithfatigue.

辨析：fatigue:n.&v.由于费力而引起的身体或精神上的虚弱tire:n.&v.疲劳，累产生疲惫exhaust:v.用尽，花完：n.从气缸中排出的废气wearout:v.穿破[旧],逐渐耗尽;使疲惫不堪;使虚弱,使衰老Therearetwoextremesinmusic,bothofwhichcanresultinrisk.(line5)TheBritishAutomobileAssociation,whichisconcernedwithroadsafety….(line9)Thecommentsmadebythevolunteerdrivers,someofwhomwerenewlyqualified…(line22)………本课中出现了大量的非限定性定语从句，下面我们对非限定性定语从句作以小结复习：Grammar定语从句可分为限定性定语从句（RestrictiveAttributiveClause)和非限定性定语从句（Non-restrictiveAttributiveClause).其中限定性定语从句使修饰的词代表一个或一类特定的人或东西。这类从句是不能拿掉的，如果拿掉剩下的部分就会失去意义或意思不清。如：Amanwhodoesn’ttrytolearnfromotherscan’thopetoachievemuch.而非限定性定语从句则不然，它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，拿掉后其余部分仍然成立。如：

SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidayinXi’an,whereshehassomerelatives.非限定性定语从句常和句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，常可译为一个并列的句子。如上句：她准备到西安过暑假，那儿她有一些亲戚。Grammar非限定性定语从句修饰人时用who,whom或whose.修饰物时用which.还可以用where或when.1.Theteamisheadedbya44-year-oldMongolian,whosewifeisaTibetan.

队长是一个44岁的蒙古人，他的妻子是藏族人2.ThelongestglaciersofardiscoveredinChina,theKaragul,whichis34km,inlength,islocatedhere.

卡拉古尔冰川有34公里长，是我国到目前为止发现的最长的冰川。3.Weputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.

我们把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们不会这么忙了。Grammar

语法演练：1.Shehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.ofwhichIthinkisB)IthinkwhichisC)whichIthinkisD)whichIthinkitis2.Thereceptionist,____jobitwastoanswerthephone,hadlaryngitis.whoseB)whomC)whoD)that3.Ihavetolookaheadforconcerts,____areusuallyheldinLondon.thatB)whatC)whichD)they4)Hefailedhisexam,____provedthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.whatB)whichC)thisD)ofwhich5.Ourfactoryhas1,000workers,____arewomen.manyofwhichB)manyofwhomC)manyofthatD)manyofwhoseC

AＣBＢ强调句和倒装句的翻译

（一）强调句型的常见翻译热点：在动词前面加助动词do（或do的相应形式）的翻译；用来强调名词的形容词或强调形容词的程度副词；强调句型“Itis(was)…that(which,who)…”

可以用来强调句子中的某些成分，如主语、宾语、状语等；在某些疑问词“what”、“where”、“who”、“why”、“how”等后面加上词组，如“onearth,intheworld,thehell,thedevil”等。Theyoungsoldier

didpromisehisparentshewouldcomebackfromthefrontsafeandsound.这名年轻士兵确实向他的父母许诺过：他将安安全全从前线归来。

1．在动词前面加助动词do（或do的相应形式）的翻译：可译为“确实”、“真的”、“一定”。Heistheverymantobethenomineeforthepresidentialcampaign.他正是此次总统竞选的候选人。2．用来强调名词的形容词或强调形容词的程度副词的翻译：如“very”、“last”、“terribly”等词，可译成“正是”、“相当”、“就是”等。Itisthepeople,notthings,thataredecisive.决定的因素是人，而不是物。3．强调句型“Itis(was)…that(which,who)…”等的翻译：翻译时可以用“是”、“正是”、“就是”来表示强调含意。Whenonearthdoyouthinkyoucandeliverthegoods?你们认为到底什么时候能交货？4．疑问词“what”、“where”、“who”、“why”、“how”等后面加上词组“onearth,intheworld,thehell,thedevil”等的翻译：翻译时可以用“到底”、“究竟”来表示强调。（二）倒装句的常见翻译热点：主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在谓语之前，称为自然语序，一种是谓语在主语之前，称为倒装语序。倒装语序又分为全部倒装和部分倒装。由于语法结构和修辞的需要，在英语中使用倒装句时，可达到突出某一成分和强调语义的效果。因此，在翻译倒装句时，应注意采用合适的汉语结构和词汇以表达出原文的强调语气。1．全部倒装句的翻译副词+谓语+主语的倒装句式的翻译；表语+谓语+主语的倒装句式的翻译；保持句子结构平衡而谓语置前的倒装句的翻译。2．部分倒装句的翻译由否定副词引导的部分倒装句的翻译；由“so”、“well”、“only”、“often”等副词引导的部分倒装句；省略了“if”的虚拟语气句的翻译；部分让步从句的翻译。ThedooropenedandtherecameoutamanwiththeairofI’m-No.1onhisface.门开了，从里面出来一个满脸“老子天下第一”神气的男人。（副词+谓语+主语的倒装句式的翻译）1．全部倒装句的翻译类似的副词有：there,here,now,then等。此外，在名词做主语的句子中，有时为了使情景更生动，副词状语放在句前，谓语在主语之前。此类副词有：out,up,down,in,away等。Ofparamountimportancetomeonmywaytopursuetruthistoexploretheinterrelationshipamongmattersintheuniverse.在追寻真理的过程中，对我最重要的是探索宇宙中事物之间的内在联系。（表语+谓语+主语的倒装句式的翻译）在此类倒装句中的表语包括：介词短语、形容词、副词、过去分词等。Onthewindingpathweretobefoundfootprintsofsomeanimals.沿着曲折的小路可以发现一些野兽的足迹。（保持句子结构平衡而谓语置前的倒装句的翻译）当一个句子没有宾语而主语较长，常将状语（主要是介词短语和副词）提前，谓语也置于主语之前。Thesedifferencesshouldnothinderusfromestablishingnormalbilateralrelationship,stilllessshouldtheyleadtowar.这些分歧不应妨碍我们建立正常的双边关系，更不应导致战争。（由否定副词引导的部分倒装句的翻译）2．部分倒装句的翻译常见的此类否定副词有：never,little,less,often,neither,nor,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,nowhere,notonly,notuntil,invain,nosooner,atnopoint,atnotime,innocircumstances等。Welldowerememberthefancystorieshetoldusaboutourbelovednationalheroes.ThetravelersgoingtoTibet,beitrainorshine,willsetoutontime.他给我们讲过令人敬仰的民族英雄，那些传奇故事我们至今还记得清清楚楚。（由“so”、“well”、“only”、“of