全新版大学英语综合教程Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live

Unit1ChangesintheWayWeLiveByIrisContents*Warm-upGlobalReadingDetailedReadingExercisesWarm-up*Warm-upCityLifevs.CountryLifeLifeintheSummerHolidayLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upHowwasyoursummerholiday?Warm-upLifeintheSummerHolidayScheduleLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upTightSchedule安排紧凑Self-enhancement自我提升Entertainment娱乐消遣Shopping买买买！ReadingLanguagesSkills...TravellingPartiesMahjong…Online~Window~…LifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upExpectationVSRealityWarm-upLifeintheSummerHolidayRealityLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upZoneout指让思想放空，对周遭事物浑然不觉Attheendofalong,stressfulday,allIwanttodoistogohomeandzoneoutinfrontofthetelevision.Inthezone指精力集中，精神状态极佳，尤指运动员，表演者的表现IlovewhenI’mrunningonanicedaywithmyheadphonesonandIjustgetinthezone.MyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upFoodExpectationRealityMyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upFoodExpectationRealityMyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upFoodExpectationRealityMyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-up辣条:spicyglutenspicy:辣的；gluten:面筋*hotstrip方便面：instantnoodles小吃：snack吃货:foodie垃圾食品:junkfood油炸类/腌制类/加工肉类（肉干、肉松、香肠等）/饼干类（低温烘烤和全麦饼干除外）/汽水可乐类/方便类（主要指方便面和膨化食品）/罐头类（包括鱼肉类和水果类）/果脯类/冷冻甜品类（冰淇淋、冰棒等）/烧烤类。MyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upEntertainment-dailyroutineMyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upEntertainment-travellingMyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upEntertainment-travellingMyLifeintheSummerHolidayWarm-upEntertainment-travellingHowdidImanagetogotosomanyplaces?CityLifevsCountryLifeWarm-upCountryLifeCityLifeCityLifevs.CountryLifeWarm-upBrainStorming

CityLifevs.CountryLifeWhichlifeisbetter,inyours’opinion,livinginthecountrysideorlivinginthecity?Why?Trytofigureoutadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcitylifeandcountryliferespectively.CityLifevs.CountryLifeWarm-upCityLifeAdvantages:BettereducationBetterhealthcareHigherlivingstandardStunningentertainmentConvenienttransportationMoreworkingopportunitiesDisadvantages:NoiseAirpollutionHeavytrafficOverpopulationHighcrime/divorcerateFiercecompetitionandstressCityLifevs.CountryLifeWarm-upRuralLifeAdvantages:FreshairPeacefullifeHealthyfoodlesspressureSelf-sufficiencyMoreleisuretimeCloserpersonalrelationshipDisadvantages:LowincomeUnderdevelopedRemote&backwardHardmanuallaborInconvenienceinlifeNotwell-informedoftheoutsideworldCityLifevs.CountryLifeWarm-upHowdoyoudefineyourlifeinDongguan?Isitcitylife,orcountrylife?Whataboutyourlifeinhometown?CityLifevs.CountryLifeWarm-upAreyoucontentwithyourcurrentlife?Isthereanythingyouwanttochange?What’syourattitudetowardschangesinyourlife?Doyouwelcomethem,hatethem,ordreadthem?GlobalReading*GlobalReadingMultipleChoiceQuestionsPartDivisionoftheTextPartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~7Thewriterviewshislifeinthecountryasaself-reliantandsatisfyingone.Lifeinthecountryisgoodyetsometimesveryhard.GlobalReadingPartsPara(s)MainIdeas412~15Afterhequithisjob,thewriter’sincomewasreduced,butheandhisfamilycanmanagetogetby.8~113Atoleranceforsolitudeandalotofenergyhavemadeitpossibleforthefamilytoenjoytheirlifeinthecountry.GlobalReading1.Thewriterquittedhisjobbecause__________.A)hethoughthewouldhaveabettertimeinthecountrysideB)hewouldhavemoreworktodointheyeartocomeC)hewassurethathehadenoughmoneytosupporthisfamilyD)hejustwantedtoimprovethequalityofhisfamily’slifeinthecountryMultipleChoiceChoosethebestanswertocompletethesentence.DGlobalReading2.InordertowritestoriesforSmithsonianthewriterhadto_______.A)crawlintoblack-beardensB)hitchupdogsledracingteamsC)checkouttheLakeChamplain“monster”D)canoethroughtheBoundaryWaterwildernessareaofMinnesotaMultipleChoiceBGlobalReading3.Thetotalpremiumofthewriter’sfamilyeveryyearis_____.A)$960B)$2,000C)$400D)$560MultipleChoiceAGlobalReading4.Supposethemedicalfeeforthewriter’swifeis$3,000,theinsurancecompanyhastopay_____.A)$2,400B)$2,000C)$3,000D)$500MultipleChoiceBGlobalReading5.Inordertosavemoneythewriter’sfamily______.A)drinklesswineB)nevergotoseeanyballetC)gotosomelessexpensiverestaurantsonceortwiceamonthD)attendtheoperatwiceamonthMultipleChoiceCGlobalReadingDetailedReading*DetailedReadingWordsSentenceStructureDetailedReadingTherearetwothingsIhavealwayswantedtodo—writeandliveonafarm.TodayI’mdoingboth.IamnotinE.B.White’sclassasawriterorinmyneighbors’leagueasafarmer,butI’mgettingby.Andafteryearsoffrustrationwithcityandsuburbanliving,mywifeSandyandIhavefinallyfoundcontentmenthereinthecountry.MR.DOHERTYBUILDSHISDREAMLIFEJimDoherty

DetailedReadinggetby:

begoodenoughbutnotverygood;managetoliveordothingsinasatisfactorywayItisalittlebitdifficultfortheoldcoupletogetbyonsuchasmallpension.Sheneverworksbutsomehowshegetsby.我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去。Myparentsmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney.DetailedReadingIt’saself-reliantsortoflife.Wegrownearlyallofourfruitsandvegetables.Ourhenskeepusineggs,withseveraldozenleftovertoselleachweek.Ourbeesprovideuswithhoney,andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.It’sasatisfyinglifetoo.Inthesummerwecanoeontheriver,gopicnickinginthewoodsandtakelongbicyclerides.Inthewinterweskiandskate.Wegetexcitedaboutsunsets.Welovethesmelloftheearthwarmingandthesoundofcattlelowing.Wewatchforhawksintheskyanddeerinthecornfields.DetailedReadingTellthemeaningofthephrase“makeit”andparaphrasethispartofthesentence.Thephrase“makeit”means“succeed.”成功度过。Themeaningofthispartis“Withthewoodwecut,thefamilycansucceedingettingthroughthecoldwinter.”andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason.DetailedReadingandEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside.Laterthismonth,we’llspraytheorchard,paintthebarn,plantthegardenandcleanthehenhousebeforethenewchicksarrive.Butthegoodlifecangetprettytough.Threemonthsagowhenitwas30below,wespenttwomiserabledayshaulingfirewooduptheriveronasled.Threemonthsfromnow,itwillbe95aboveandwewillbecultivatingcorn,weedingstrawberriesandkillingchickens.Recently,SandyandIhadtoretilethebackroof.SoonJim,16DetailedReadingRescueworkershauledpassengersoutofthecrashedtrain.haul:vt.1.

transport,aswithatruck,cart,etc.Thefarmershaulvegetablestothemarketonatruckeverymorning.2.

pullordragsth.witheffortorforceAcranehadtobeusedtohaulthecaroutofthestream.救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。Therescueteamhauledmedicalsuppliesandfoodtothefloodedvillages.DetailedReading这几个词都是动词，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。haul,drag,pullLorrieshaulheavygoodsfromfactoriestoports.大卡车把沉重的货物从工厂运到港口。haul指缓慢而费力地拖一极重之物，有时可表示很困难地拽。例如：drag指施力者在地面或表面上缓慢而沉重地把东西拖过一段距离，该词通常使人想到主动或被动的阻力。例如：Youmightdragaheavyboxacrossthegroundifyoucouldn’tliftit.如果你提不动一个重箱子，你可以在地上拖着它走。DetailedReadingpull为最普通用词，可指朝各个方向拉，并不强调用力大小。该词后面可添加副词或副词词组具体描述拖拉动作的用力大小或方向等。例如：

Theypulledhardbuttherockremainedstock-still.他们使劲地拉，可那石头仍纹丝不动。DetailedReadingShehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood.supplement:1.

vt.addtosth.inordertoimproveit(followedbywith)Petersupplementshisordinaryincomebywritingbooks.医生建议在我的饮食中补充维生素E和A。ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.2.n.

anadditionalamountofsth.DoyoureadthecolorsupplementsoftheSundaynewspapers?你读周日报纸的彩色增刊吗？DetailedReadingspray:vt.forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon(followedbywith)TheysprayedthePresident’scarwithbullets.汽车开过，溅了我一身水。Acarwentpastandsprayedmewithwater.I’llhavetospraytheroseswithinsecticidetogetridofthegreenfly(蚜虫).DetailedReadingAnalyzethestructureofthesentence.Thestructureofthissentenceiscomplicated.1)“Theyoungestofourfourchildren”isinappositionto“Emily,13.”2)“thatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside”isanattributiveclausemodifying“theoutdoortoilet.”SoonJim,16andEmily,13,theyoungestofourfourchildren,willhelpmemakesomelong-overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside.DetailedReadingTranslatethesentenceintoChinese.过些时候，16岁的吉米和四个孩子中最小的13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下。我们在室外干活时，这个厕所便成了室内卫生设备的补充。DetailedReadingInbetweensuchchores,Imanagetospend50to60hoursaweekatthetypewriterordoingreportingforthefreelancearticlesIselltomagazinesandnewspapers.Sandy,meanwhile,pursuesherowndemandingschedule.Besidestheusualhouseholdroutine,sheoverseesthegardenandbeehives,bakesbread,cansandfreezes,drivesthekidstotheirmusiclessons,practiceswiththem,takesorganlessonsonherown,doesresearchandtypingforme,writesanarticleherselfnowandthen,tendstheflowerbeds,stacksalittlewoodanddeliverstheeggs.

Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis—andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.DetailedReadingpursue:vt.1.

bebusywith;continue(steadily)withAftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor.2.followesp.inordertocatch,kill,ordefeatThepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity.DetailedReadingwicked:adj.

evilorbadWeareallborngood,butcanbetaughttobewicked.他真邪恶。Thatwaswickedofhim.Ihavesuchawickedtoothache.DetailedReadingTelltheclasstheoriginofthesaying“Thereisnorestforthewicked.”ThesayingcomesfromtheBible,Isiah57:21,“…nopeace,saithmygod,tothewicked.”Itisusedinajocularmanner,meaning“there’snotimeforrelaxation;someoneiskeptbusyallthetime.”Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis—andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人闲不着——好人也歇不了。DetailedReadingNoneofuswilleverforgetourfirstwinter.WewereburiedunderfivefeetofsnowfromDecemberthroughMarch.Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn,wekeptwarminsideburningourownwood,eatingourownapplesandlovingeveryminuteofit.DetailedReadingWhileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn,...TranslatethispartofthesentenceintoChinese.暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，厚厚的积雪覆盖着屋子和谷仓…DetailedReading

Whenspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.Firsttheriveroverflowed,coveringmuchofourlandforweeks.

Thenthegrowingseasonbegan,swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce.Ourfreezerfilledupwithcherries,raspberries,strawberries,asparagus,peas,beansandcorn.Thenourcanned-goodsshelvesandcupboardsbegantogrowwithpreserves,tomatojuice,grapejuice,plums,jamsandjellies.Eventually,thebasementfloordisappearedunderpilesofpotatoes,squashandpumpkins,andthebarnbegantofillwithapplesandpears.Itwasamazing.DetailedReadingReadthisparagraphandtellwhat“twofloods”refertohere.Thefirstfloodreferstotheoverflowoftherivercoveringtheirlandwhiletheotherreferstoagriculturalproduce.Whenspringcame,itbroughttwofloods.DetailedReadingWhat’sthefunctionofthephrase“swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce”?Thisv-ingformisoneofthenon-finiteverbs(非谓语动词).Itservesasanadverbialinthesentenceanditindicatesanotheractionbythesubjectofthesentence.Thenthegrowingseasonbegan,swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce.DetailedReadingWhatattitudeoftheauthorcanweinferfromthissentencetowardshiscountrylife?Wecanseethathewasverysatisfiedwithitandenjoyedtheharvest.Paraphrasethesentence.Thenthegrowingseasoncameanditbroughtusalotofagriculturalproducts.DetailedReadingItwasamazing.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence?Thebigharvestwasbeyondexpectation.Hewasfilledwithjoybecauseofthebigharvest.DetailedReadingThenextyearwegrewevenmorefoodandmanagedtogetthroughthewinteronfirewoodthatwasmostlyfromourowntreesandonly100gallonsofheatingoil.Atthatpoint

Ibeganthinkingseriouslyaboutquittingmyjobandstartingtofreelance.Thetimingwasterrible.Bythen,ShawnandAmy,ouroldestgirlswereattendingexpensiveIvyLeagueschoolsandwehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.Yetwekeptcomingbacktothesamequestion:Willthereeverbeabettertime?Theanswer,decidedly,wasno,andso—withmyemployer’sblessingsandhalfayear’spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket—offIwent.DetailedReadinggetthrough:comesuccessfullytotheend当地政府已采取一些措施以确保所有人顺利过冬。Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthroughthewinter.Shegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbythecollege.DetailedReadingatthatpoint:atthatverymoment;rightthenThetrainwasnowonlyacoupleofyardsfromthekidsonthetrack.Atthatpoint,Anthonythrewhimselfforwardandpulledthemclear.Themansuddenlyheldupaposter.Atthatpoint,allTVcameraswerepointedathim.DetailedReadingWhat’sthemeaningofthissentenceinChinese?Thetimingwasterrible.时机选得实在太差。Whydoestheauthorthinkso?1)Hehadtopaytheexpensivetuitionforhistwogirls.2)Hehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank.DetailedReadingWhydidtheauthordecidetoquithisjobeventhoughitwasaterribletiming?Whatcouldbethereasonsfortheauthor’sdecisiontoleavethecity?Thoughitwasaterribletiming,theauthorwasclearthattherewouldbeno“good”timingatall.Possiblereasonsforhisdecisionareasfollows:A)Hedidn’tthinkhisjobwasgood.B)Helongedforrisksandchangesinhislife.Theanswer,decidedly,wasno,andso—withmyemployer’sblessingsandhalfayear’spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket—offIwent.DetailedReadingC)Hewasattractedbythegoodharvesthisfamilyhadgottheyearbefore.D)Hewasfascinatedbythehectic,self-reliantandcolorfullifeinthecountryside.DetailedReadingTherehavebeenafewanxiousmomentssincethen,butonbalancethingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexpect.Forvariousstoriesofmine,I’vecrawledintoblack-beardensforSportsIllustrated,hitchedupdogsledracingteamsforSmithsonianmagazine,checkedouttheLakeChamplain“monster”forScienceDigest,andcanoedthroughtheBoundaryWaterswildernessareaofMinnesotaforDestinations.DetailedReadingonbalance:withallthingsconsideredOnbalance,it’sprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany’sname.我想，总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统。Ithink,onbalance,Ipreferthenewoperatingsystem.balance的反义词是imbalance。此外，与balance有关的其他搭配有：keepone’sbalance 保持平衡loseone’sbalance 失去平衡strikeabalance 力求折中inthebalance 不确定，成败或安危未定DetailedReadingillustrate:videwithvisualfeatures;clarifybyuseofexamples,etc.Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint.这三个词都是动词，都有“举例说明”之意。illustrate,exemplify&demonstrateThewaythatapumpworksisusedtoillustratehowtheheartsendsbloodaroundthebody.水泵的工作原理可用来解释心脏是如何将血液送至全身各处的。illustrate表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画，目的是使说明生动、逼真或有效，从而真实地说明某一观点。例如：DetailedReadingexemplify可用于举例说明某一笼统、抽象的陈述，也可用于举出某事物的典型或范例。例如：Knightsexemplifiedcourageandcourtesy.武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样。Galileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed.伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落。demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论，也可用于说明人或事。例如：DetailedReadingdigest:Reader’sDigestisapopularmagazineintheUS.1.

n.ashortaccountofwrittenmaterialsordataIheardherspeech,butIhaven’tdigestedityet.玛丽吃肥肉不消化。Marycan’tdigestfat.2.

v.Hewassobusythatheonlyreadaconcisedigestoftheirproject.1)oaformthatthebodycanuse吸收新思想往往需要很长时间。Itoftentakeslongtimetodigestnewideas.2)thinkaboutsth.carefullyandunderstanditDetailedReadingI’mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butnowwedon’tneedasmucheither.Igenerateenoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts.Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman’smajor-medicalpolicy.Wehavetopaythefirst$500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily.Itpicksup80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.

Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,ourpremiumislow

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only$560ayear

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andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe.Asidefromthatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat$400ayear,wehavenootherinsurance.Butwearesettingaside$2,000ayearinanIRA.DetailedReadinggenerate:

vt.bringintoexistence;produce煤燃烧时，产生热量。Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.Theteacher’sremarkgeneratedloudlaughter.ThewidespreaduseofSpanishinsomeAmericancitieshasgeneratedapublicdebateoverlanguageuseinthecountry.DetailedReadinginsurance:n.guaranteeofcompensationforloss,damage,

sickness,death,etc.inreturnforregularpaymentDoesyourinsurancecoverdamagebyflooding?Ourfirmcarriesfireinsurance.DetailedReadingCollocation：意外保险accidentinsurance医疗保险medicalinsurance私人健康保险privatehealthinsurance 伤残保险disabilityinsurance社会保险socialinsurance失业保险unemploymentinsurance终身人寿保险wholelifeinsuranceDetailedReadingpickup:WheredidyoupickupyourexcellentEnglish?6)collectsomeoneorsomethingfromaplacePleasepickupallyourtoyswhenyou’vefinishedplaying.

Ifhelosesthecase,Michaelwillhavetopickupthebillforlegalcosts.I’llpickyouupatyourhotel.Shepickedupastoneandthrewitatthewindow.

Maryhasbeenill,butshe’spickingupnow.

1)bereadytopay4)takeholdofandliftup3)gain;get2)improve5)gathertogether;collectMatchthefollowingsentenceswithappropriatedefinitionsabove.DetailedReadingpremium:n.asumofmoneypaidregularlytoaninsurancecompanytoprotectsb.againstsomeriskoflossordamageTheemployersmaketheemployeespayforalargeportionoftheirhealthinsurancepremium.他抱怨说，今年汽车保险费增加得太多。Heiscomplainingthatcarinsurancepremiumshaveincreasedtoomuchthisyear.DetailedReadingasidefrom:exceptfor;inadditionto(moreusualinAmericanEnglish;sameasapartfrom)Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis,hedoesn’ttakeanyexercise.万籁俱寂，只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声。Everythingwasquiet,asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarhorninthedistance.Thiscompositionisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes.DetailedReadingWhatdoestheword“that”inthesentencereferto?Itpicksup80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.Itrefersto“thefirst$500thefamilypays.”Supposethemedicalfeeis$1,000,thefamilyhastopay$500whiletheinsurancecompanywillpay$400.DetailedReadingTranslatethispartintoChinese.andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe.而且我们给自己投了巨灾险。

DetailedReadingWe’vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth,butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurantsinsteadofmoreexpensiveplacesinthecity.WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear.Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments…DetailedReadingcutback:reduceinsizeoramountThegovernmenthascutbackondefensespending.我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。Weopposeanyplanstocutback(on)educationbudget.Pattern:cutbacksth.;cutbackonsth.DetailedReadingdineout:eatamealawayfromhome(usu.inarestaurant)I’mgoingtodineoutwithPetertonight.Withtheimprovementofliving

standards,moreandmorepeopledineoutatweekends.DetailedReadingWhatcanweinferfromthispartofthesentence?ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments…Wecaninferthatthefamilyusedtospendmuchmore

moneyon

Christmases.DetailedReadingIsuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.Oneisatoleranceforsolitude.Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget,wedon’tentertainmuch.Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway.JimandEmilyareinvolvedinschoolactivities,buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome.DetailedReadingsuspect:1.v.

Istronglysuspectthatthey’retryingtogetridofme.Thepolicesuspecthimofmurder.Pattern:suspectthat…1)

believetobetrue,likelyorprobable2)

believetobeguiltyPattern:suspectsb./sth.ofsth.DetailedReadingThepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsinconnectionwiththebankrobbery.2.n.apersonwhoissuspectedofguilt,esp.inacrimeThatisarathersuspectanswer;Idon’tbelieveit.3.adj.ofuncertaintruth,quality,etc.DetailedReading这几个词都可用作动词，都有“主观想像”之意suspect,assume&presumeWesuspectedthathewaslost,evenbeforeweweretold.别人告诉我们之前，我们就怀疑他失踪了。Heissuspectedofmurderingthatoldlady.他被怀疑杀了那位老妇人。suspect

意思是“猜想”、“觉得会”、“有点感觉到”，表示有（某事物）存在的想法。另外，该词有“怀疑”、“怀疑某人有…罪”之意。例如：DetailedReadingassume

意思是“假定”、“设想”，指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真理。例如：Heassumedthatthetrainwouldbeontime.他假定火车会准时到达。presume

也有“假定”、“设想”的意思，但它指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉认为某事属实，虽然还没有确凿的证据。例如：Thecourtpresumedthedeathofthemanwhodisappearedduringthewar.法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡。DetailedReadingbudget:n.aplanofhowtoarrangeprivateorpublicincomeorspendingAdamlimitshimselftoadailybudgetof$10.最后，政府平衡预算的努力以失败告终。Atlast,thegovernment’seffortstobalancethebudgetendedinfailure.DetailedReadingCollocation：制定预算drawupabudget提交一项预算报告submitabudget平衡预算balanceabudget超出预算exceedabudget减少预算cut/reduceabudget联邦/家庭收支/市政/国家预算a

federal/household/municipal/nationalbudgetDetailedReadingTheotherrequirementisenergy—

alotofit.Thewaytomakeself-sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthetemptationtobuyatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices.Instead,youdotheworkyourself.Theonlymachineryweown(notcountingthelawnmower)isalittlethree-horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16-inchchainsaw.DetailedReadingscale:n.arelativelevelordegree(usu.usedinthephraseona…scale)Wetestedournewteachingmethodsonasmallscale.Indeedonlysixclasseswereinvolvedinit.这项工程规模浩大地展开了。Theprojectwasundertakenonagrandscale.DetailedReadingtemptation:n.thefeelingofbeingtemptedtodosth.wrongorharmful;thethingyouwanttohaveThekidscan’tresistthetemptationofMcDonald’s.Hecouldn’tresistthe

temptationtostealthejewel.DetailedReading克服诱惑overcometemptation抵制诱惑resisttemptation受到诱惑beexposedtotemptation面临诱惑facetemptation向诱惑屈服succumbtotemptation让某人受诱惑place/puttemptationinsb.’swayCollocation：DetailedReadingdevice:n.apieceofequipmentdesignedtoserveaspecialpurposeTheysuspectedthatanexplosivedevicehadbeenleftsomewhereinsidethebuilding.她发明了一种能在下雨时自动关闭窗户的装置。Sheinventedadevicethatautomaticallycloseswindowswhenitrains.device,instrument&implement这几个词都可用作名词，都有“用具”、“器具”之意。DetailedReadingIhavefittedadevicetomycarwhichopensthegaragedoorsautomatically.我车上装了一个能自动开启车库门的装置。instrument表示“器械”、“仪器”、“（发动机或航海、航空等的）测量仪器

”、“仪表”，表示为技术工作设计的工具，着重于工具的精密与复杂。例如：Allsurgicalinstrumentsmustbesterilizedbeforeuse.所有外科手术器械使用前都必须消毒。device

表示“（为某种用途而制作或改装的）装置、器具”。例如：DetailedReadingimplement

指“工具”、“器具”，常指用于户外如园艺或农用的工具。例如：Man’searliestimplementswerecarvedfromstoneandbone.人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头凿刻而成。DetailedReadingHowmuchlongerwe’llhaveenoughenergytostayonhereisanybody’sguess

—perhapsforquiteawhile,perhapsnot.Whenthetimecomes,we’llleavewithafeelingofsorrowbutalsowithasenseofprideatwhatwe’vebeenabletoaccomplish.Weshouldmakeafairprofitonthesaleoftheplace,too.We’veinvestedabout$35,000ofourownmoneyinit,andwecouldjustaboutdoublethatifwesoldtoday.Butthisisnotagoodtimetosell.Onceeconomicconditionsimprove,however,demandforfarmslikeoursshouldbestrongagain.DetailedReadingprofit:n.1.

money

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businessHemakesabigprofitfromsellingwastematerialtotextilecompanies.他以获利价出售了他的房子。Hesoldhishouseataprofit.2.advantage