《C++程序设计》实训报告

《C++程序设计》实训报告实训目的：（1）掌握类与对象的定义与使用方法，理解面向对象方法中通过对象间传递消息的工作机制。（2）正确掌握类的不同属性成员的使用方法。（3）掌握构造函数与析构函数的概念，理解构造函数与析构函数的执行过程。（4）掌握友元函数和友元类的定义和使用。（5）基本掌握指针和引用作为函数参数的应用。实训内容：定义一个时间类Time,有三个私有成员变量Hour、Minute、Second，定义构造函数、析构函数以及用于改变、获取、输出时间信息的公有函数，主函数中定义时间对象，并通过调用各种成员函数完成时间的设定、改变、获取、输出等功能。按要求完成类的定义与实现。修改数据成员的访问方式，观察编译结果。在Time类中定义一个成员函数，用于实现时间增加一秒的功能，主函数中通过对象调用该函数，并输出增加一秒后的时间信息。定义一个普通函数。voidf（Timet）{t.PrintTime（）;}在Time类中增加拷贝构造函数的定义，主函数中调用该函数，运用调试工具跟踪，分析整个程序调用构造函数（包括拷贝构造函数）和析构函数的次数；再将f函数的形式参数分别修改为引用参数和指针参数（此时函数代码修改为{t->PrintTime（）;},主函数中调用，再分析此时调用构造函数和析构函数的次数。实训代码：#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classTime{private:intHour,Minute,Second;public:Time(inth=0,intm=0,ints=0);Time(constTime&ob);~Time();voidChangeTime(inth,intm,ints);intGetHour();intGetMinuteO;intGetSecond();voidPrintTime();voidIncreaseOneSecondO;};Time::Time(inth,intm,ints){Hour=h;Minute=m;Second=s;}Time::Time(constTime&ob){Hour=ob・Hour;Minute=ob・Minute;Second=ob.Second;}Time::~Time(){}voidTime::ChangeTime(inth,intm,ints){Hour二h;Minute=m;Second=s;}intTime::GetHourO{returnHour;}intTime::GetMinute(){returnMinute;}intTime::GetSecond。{returnSecond;}voidTime::PrintTime(){cout«Hour<<": "<<Minute<<":"<<Second<<endl;}voidTime::IncreaseOneSecond(){Second++;}/*voidTime::f(Timet){t・PrintTime();cout<<"callf\n";}*/intmain(){Timea;Timeb(13);Timec(13,15);Timed(13,15,45);a.PrintTime();b・PrintTime();c.PrintTime();d・PrintTime();a.ChangeTime(12,15,45);b・ChangeTime(12,15,45);c.ChangeTime(12,15,45);d・ChangeTime(12,15,45);cout<<a.GetHour()〈<":"<<a.GetMinute()<<":"<<a.GetSecond()<<endl;cout<<b・GetHour()<<":"<<b・GetMinute()<<":"<<b.GetSecond()<<endl;cout<<c・GetHour()<<":"<<c・GetMinute()<<":

"<<c.GetSecond()<<endl;cout<<d.GetHour()<<":"<<d.GetMinute()<<":"<<d・GetSecond()<<endl;return0;}程序运行结果■ 、E:工++&陀14070519\Dehugl軽一一exo0:0=013：a：a13：15：Q13：15：4512:15:4512：±5：4512:±5:4512:15:45?ressanykeytocontinue实训小结:构造函数与析构函数的调用方式及执行顺序是：先是构造函数然后是析构函数。调用方式是自动调用，执行顺序是先执行构造函数，待程序结束时再执行析构函数。实训二：个人银行账户管理程序的类设计实训目的：掌握面向对象中类、继承、多态性的开发思想；掌握流的概念；独立设计个人银行账户管理程序。实训内容：1、 个人银行账户管理程序的类关系图2、 个人银行账户管理程序的个人账户设置和应用3、 个人银行账户管理程序实训代码：1、个人银行账户管理程序的类设计classaccount{private:std::stringid;doublebalance;staticdoubletotal;protected:account(constDate&date,conststd::string&id);voidrecord(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voiderror(conststd::string&msg)const;public:conststd::string&getId()const{returnid；}doublegetBalance()const{returnbalance;}staticdoublegettotal(){returntotal;}voidshow()const;};classSavingsAccount:publicaccount{private:accumulatoracc;doublerate;public:SavingsAccount(constDate&date,conststd::string&id,doublerate);doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}voiddeposit(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidwithdraw(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidsettle(constDate&date);};classcreditaccount:publicaccount{private:accumulatoracc;doublecredit;doublerate;doublefee;doublegetdebt()const{doublebalance=getBalance();return(balancevO?balance:0);}public:creditaccount(constDate&date,conststd::string&id,doublecredit,doublerate,doublefee);doublegetcredit()const{returncredit;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}doublegetfee()const{returnfee;}doublegetavailablecredit()const{if(getBalance()v0)returncredit+getBalance();Elsereturncredit;}voiddeposit(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidwithdraw(constDate&date,doubleamount,conststd::string&desc);voidsettle(constDate&date);voidshow()const;};classaccumulator{private:Datelastdate;doublevalue;doublesum;public:accumulator(constDate&date,doublevalue):lastdate(date),value(value),sum(0){}doublegetsum(constDate&date)const{returnsum+value*date.distance(lastdate);}voidchange(constDate&date,doublevalue){sum=getsum(date);lastdate=date;this->value=value;}voidreset(constDate&date,doublevalue){lastdate=date;this->value=value;sum=O;}};classDate{private:intyear;intmonth;intday;inttotaldays;public:Date(intyear,intmonth,intday);intgetyear()const{returnyear;}doublegetmonth()const{returnmonth;}intgetday()const{returnday;}intgetmaxday()const;boolisleapyear()const{returnyear%4==0&&year%100!=0IIyear%400==0;}voidshow()const;intdistance(constDate&date)const{returntotaldays-date.totaldays;}};2、个人银行账户管理程序的类关系图3、个人银行账户管理程序的个人账户设置和应用SavingsAccountwutingming(date,"O90102O6O101",0・015);creditaccountwutingmin(date,"O9O10206O1O1",2O0O,O.O0O5,50);wutingming.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),1000,"buybook");wutingmin.withdraw(Date(2008,11,5),2000,"buyMP3");wutingming.settle(Date(2008,12,5));wutingmin.settle(Date(2008,12,5));wutingming.show();cout<<endl;wutingmin.show();cout<<endl;4、个人银行账户管理程序的重点代码#include"account.h"#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){Datedate(2008,11,1);SavingsAccountsa1(date,"03755217",0.015);SavingsAccountsa2(date,"02342342",0・015);SavingsAccountwutingming(date,"O90102O6O101",0.015);creditaccountca(date,"C5392394",10000,0.0005,50);creditaccountwutingmin(date,"090102060101",2000,0・0005,50);sa1.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),5000,"salary");sa2・deposit(Date(200&11,25),10000,"sellstock0323");wutingming.deposit(Date(2008,11,5),1000,"buybook");wutingmin.withdraw(Date(2008,11,5),2000,"buyMP3");ca.withdraw(Date(2008,11,15),2000,"buyacell");ca.settle(Date(2008,12,1));ca.deposit(Date(2008,12,1),2016,"repaythecredit");sa1.deposit(Date(2008,12,5),5500,"salary");sa1.settle(Date(20O9,1,1));sa2・settle(Date(20O9,1,1));wutingming.settle(Date(2008,12,5));wutingmin.settle(Date(2O08,12,5));ca・settle(Date(200&12,1));coutvvendl;sa1・show();coutvvendl;sa2・show();coutvvendl;wutingming.show();coutvvendl;wutingmin.show();coutvvendl;ca.show();coutvvendl;coutvv"total:"vvaccount::gettotal()vvendl;return0;}#include"account.h"#includeviostream>usingnamespacestd;intmain(){Datedate(2008,11,1);SavingsAccountsa1(date,"s3755217",0.015);SavingsAccountsa2(date,"02342342",0・015);SavingsAccountwutingming(date,"O90102O6O101",0.015);creditaccountca(date,"C5392394",10000,0.0005,50);account*accounts[]={&sa1,&sa2,&wutingming,&ca};constintn=sizeof(accounts)/sizeof(account*);coutvv"(d)deposit(w)withdraw(s)show(c)changday(n)nextmonth(e)exit"vvendl;charcmd;do{date.show();coutvv"\ttotal:"vvaccount::gettotal()vvendl;coutvv"command>";intindex,day,i;doubleamount;stringdesc;cin>>cmd;switch(cmd){case'd':cin»index»amount;getline(cin,desc);accounts[index]->deposit(date,amount,desc);break;case'w':cin>>index>>amount;getline(cin,desc);accounts[index]->withdraw(date,amount,desc);break;case's':for(i=0;ivn;i++){coutvv"["vvivv"]";accounts[i]->show();coutvvendl;}break;case'c':cin>>day;if(day<date.getday())cout<<"youcannotspecifyapreviousday";elseif(day>date・getmaxday())coutvv"invalidday";elsedate=Date(date.getyear(),date.getmonth(),day);break;case'n':if(date.getmonth()==12)date=Date(date.getyear()+1,1,1);elsedate=Date(date・getyear(),date・getmonth()+1,1);for(i=O;ivn;i++)accounts[i]->settle(date);break;}}while(cmd!='e');return0;}

程序运行结果匚、r\PrDgiiULFiles\Bicrusuf-tVisualS±udio\l[yProjeGts\l\Debu.g\l.eate^008-11-1#03755217created2908-11-1#02342342created2008-11-1#090102666161createdtiUUM-11-lcreated23W8-11-1created2008-1丄一5410375521756065S0Ssalary2908-11-2541823423421S0601BOG0sellstock03232008-ilG#0901S26G616116061B0GbuybuDk2908-115#0901026G@161-2060-2OG0buyMP3H008-11-1EttCE392394-2060-20G0buyacell2009-12-1ttC5292294-1G-201GIntel'sst2008-12-1ttC53922942SIG&repaytheDi'edit：#037^^2171KBSsalary-11^17Rinterest2009-1-1#0234234215.161S015..2interestE908-12-5#0901026661610.641000.64interest2008-12-5tt09Q102@6Sl@l-30-2030interest0375521?Balance:10E17.e02342342Balance:10S15.2090102060101Balance:10S0.64MYMlMbMlMlBalance:-2030auailablecredit:-30Balance:Mauailablecredit：Itl凶total；丄9503.6Presscmykeytocoiitinue_实训小结:通过本实训，应用虚函数和抽象类对程序进行改进：1） 将show函数声明为虚函数，因此通过指向creditaccount类实例的account类型的指针来调用show函数时，被实际调用的将是creditaccount类定义的show函数。这样，如果创建一个account指针类型的数组，使各个元素分别指向各个账户对象，就可以通过一个循环来调用它们的show函数。2） 在account类中添加deposit，withdraw，settle这3个函数的声明，且将它们都声明为纯虚函数，这使得通过基类指针可以调用派生类的相应函数,而且无须给出它们在基类中的实现。经过这一改动之后，account类就变成了抽象类。

实训三、图书信息管理系统主界面实训目的：能够较好的完成程序的主体设计，界面友好，功能齐全；程序思路清晰易懂，能够充分利用所学工具实现各项操作。独立力完成实训报告，内容充实、观点明确、新颖。实训内容：图书信息管理系统，使之能提供以下功能：1、 系统以菜单方式工作。2、 借书3、 还书4、 图书维护5、 读者维护6、 退出：包括返回主界面和退出系统等功能。实训代码：#include<stdio・h>#inc]ude<math・h>#include<string・h>#include<stdlib・h>/*作者/*书名

/*出版单author[20];bookname[20];publisher[20];/*作者/*书名

/*出版单author[20];bookname[20];publisher[20];-,char名*//char*/char

/*出版/*登陆/*出版/*登陆/*价格/*分类/*链表的指时间eharpbtime[i5];eharloginnum[10];号*/floatpriee;*/eharclassfy[10];号*/vo存数据藪s_list*Create_Books_Doc();Doc(struetbooks_list*head);(struetbooks_list*head,Doc(struetbooks_list*(struetbooks_list*head);jjange(struetbooks_list**ruetbooks_list*head);/*保匸r^struetbookslist*next;vo存数据藪s_list*Create_Books_Doc();Doc(struetbooks_list*head);(struetbooks_list*head,Doc(struetbooks_list*(struetbooks_list*head);jjange(struetbooks_list**ruetbooks_list*head);/*保/V新u/V插voi{t新建链表头节点*/*Create_Books_Doc()'books_list*head;ize/f(struct亠{t新建链表头节点*/*Create_Books_Doc()'books_list*head;ize/f(struct亠bo°ks_list));/*分ext二Null;/*头节点指针域初始化，*strue为空护returnhead;sruet^bookslist定}/*保存s数据至文etbookslist*head){struetbooks_list*p;FILE*fp;p=head;

建并打开ena；aatxtt文件X")；/*以写方式新fprintf(fp,| | |fnirjt者庐•fpri\n");号文件输鹿号作息点开始移动，遍历至尾结点，依p—>nex™!=null)VpLlJ.10塔fsfnirjt者庐•fpri\n");号文件输鹿号作息点开始移动，遍历至尾结点，依p—>nex™!=null)VpLlJ.10塔fs」l2.12s戕一6.6sfc|ose(fp)；n)，Lnata.txt文件\n");已将图书数据/*;(Oi首地：sh重變p* whiTe(p->ne}p=p->next；}/*开辟新空间,存入数据,添加进链表*/whiTe(fTag=='Y'||fTag=='y')id^InsertDoc(struct巒一f】aoo'汗競义醜,方便用户选择针量books_list*head)s指向开辟的新结点向尾结点*/、"s=(struetbooks_list*)malloc(sizeof(struetbookslist));人、口

书登陆号h""｝；.、 -请输入图臨悴^loginnum);请输入图书书名陀:di)请输入图fflush(stdin);("%\",s->bookname);f開;S->author);诙叽("%\",s->bookname);f開;S->author);诙叽blisher);请输入图请输入图scanf书轆：请输入图请输入图书scanf请输入图书丁间：•.丁间：usscan书分类号scanf书usscan书分类号scanf书请输入图:")\n请输入图丄nrintf加成功!t»\继续添fd讪priftf(=\nN'i|flag==F)请输入图丄nrintf加成功!t»\继续添fd讪priftf(=\nN'i|flag==F)if(flag=='Y'||flag=='y');…"_〃)；N)、：")；I"&flag);

Save(head);/*保存数据至文件*/}return;/*查询操作*/{oidsearch_book(structbooks_list*head)struetbooks_list*p;c=ar$emp[20];intf\n");断数据库是否为空*/head->nex七=视⑴/*判图书库为空intf\n");查&请输逬要查找的书名："）；点开始移动，遍历至尾结点，[lseprintf查&请输逬要查找的书名："）；点开始移动，遍历至尾结点，iwJife(p->next!=NULL)if(strCmC(p->bookname,temp)==0)iwJ号:位:

间:IP唧U时isher);feftf\t\n"；p->pracef;);一〉bookname);,p->author);printf("\n图书已找到!\n");crintf("\%s\inf,(p-%牒一%s\intp'("出%s\t\npV号:位:

间:IP唧U时isher);feftf\t\n"；p->pracef;);一〉bookname);,p->author);}printf("\n查询完毕!\n");r}}e}turn;}return;/*浏览操作*/voidPrint_Book_Doc(struetbooks_list*head):h/ead->next==NULL)/*:h/ead->next==NULL)/*\n\n");记录!判断数据库是否为1一嘔有图书记\n\n");记录!Ireturn;p-heaf；"PjT〃次printf(一PjT〃次点开始移动，遍历至尾结点，依next［二null)1r,l

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PandUaH=_li/*此变量用于判断是否找到temp[20];PandUaH=_li/*此变量用于判断是否找到temp[20];l 要修改的书名：")；f("%s,temp); 、e(p->next!二NULL)请输入char刖_("请输入要修改的书名:");scanf(%s,twhi]e(p->nexif(strCmp(p->bookname,temp)==0)陆卡号:n);us请输入scanf("%S"，P->loginnum)