高三英语课件：选修9Unit2

Unit2WarminguptheArcticOceantheIndianOceanthePacificOceantheAtlanticOceanWhatisthedifferencebetweenanavigatorandanexplorer?NavigatorseanauticalinstrumentsfindnewislandsorcontinentsNavigator

issomebodywhofindsthepositionandplotsthecourseofashipusingmapsandinstruments.ExplorerlanduseofcompassandlandmarksfindnewplaceswithinanalreadyidentifiedislandorcontinentExplorer

issomebodywhotravelsintoorthroughaplaceinordertolearnaboutit.Veryoftennavigatorsarealsoexplorers.

Intheyearbetween1405and1433,sevenlargetreasurefleetssailedwestwardsonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.UnderthecommandofZhengHe,thefleetssetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantotheRedSea,andthentraveledfurthersouth,discoveringtheeasterncoastofAfrica.HerenewedrelationswiththeKingdomsoftheEastAfricancoast.OneAfricankingsenttheMingemperoraroyalpresent:twogiraffes.About700yearsagoayoungtraderfromItalytookalongtriptoCathay.CathayisknownasChinatoday.Hewentwithhisfatheranduncle,whohadtraveledthereoncebefore.TheystayedinChinaforabouttwodecades.Theyoungman'snamewasMarcoPolo.HewaslikedbytheleaderinChinaatthetime.

Heknewfourlanguagesandtraveledaroundthekingdomfortheleader.WhenMarcoPoloreturnedtoItaly,hedictatedhisstorytoawriter.HetoldoftheChinesepostalsystem,papermoney,andtheuseofcoalasfuel.JamesCook

JamesCook(1728-1779)wasthegreatestBritainnavigator.CookenlistedintheRoyalNavyin1755.In1768hewaspromotedandsenttothePacificwherehesurveyedTahiti,NewZealand,andAustralia.Onhisfamoussecondexpedition(1772-1775)heexploredAntarctica.In1776heundertookhisthirdandfinalvoyageinwhichheexplored

theWestCoastofNorthAmericaandtriedtolocateapassagebetweentheAtlanticandPacificoceans.

OnthisvoyagehediscoveredtheHawaiianIslands,andsailedupthecoastofNorthAmericathroughtheBeringStraitstotheArcticOcean.OnhisreturnhewaskilledbyHawaiianislanders.Explanation1.navigator

n.导航者,领航员

navigatevi.

航行,航海,航空

vt.航行于,驾驶,操纵,使通过

Theynavigatedwithdifficultythroughthecrowd.

他们在人群中坚难行进。

navigationn.航海，航行

navigational

adj.

航海的，航行的ReadingListentothetapecompassastrolabeTheastrolabemeasurestheheightandpositionofthesun.Ifyoucanmeasurethisaccurately,asailorcantellhowmanydegreestheboatisfromtheNorthPole.Fromthishecantellwheretheboatisintheocean.sextantThesextantisanavigationalinstrumentformeasuringtheanglebetweenthehorizonandsomeobjectinthesky.quadrantnauticalchartNauticalchartsaremapsofthedepthoftheseaandthecurrentsoftheoceans.Theyprovidemodernsailorswithroutesthroughtheseas,ratherlikeroadsthroughthecountryside.Theinformationbegantobecollectedinthenineteenthcenturyandhascontinuedtobeupdatedeversince.ReadingComprehensionComprehending1.Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatistheuseofabearingcircle,astrolabe,quadrantorsextant?()Whatistheuseofacompass?() A.Tosetthecourseoftheship B.TomeasurethepositionoftheshipC.Tomeasurethespeedoftheship D.TotellthetimeAB4.Readthepassageagainandusetheinformationtoanalysethenavigationalskills.Usingnature1.Tofindtheship’spositionatseaasailorusedtheNorthStarandthesun.2.Asailorknewthatlandwasnearbyifhesaw_________________________________

_______________________.3.Sailorsused________________________

________toincreasetheirspeed.freshseaweed,nestingbirdsreturninghomeintheeveningorfogseacurrentsortidesandwindsSextant:anupdatedversionofthequadrantandsoitwasmoreaccurate,tomeasuretheanglebetweentwofixedpointsoutsidetheship(usingtwomirrorstofindtheship'sposition).1.Howdoyouthinkseamenfoundtheirwaybeforemodernaccuratemethodsofnavigationwereinvented?

在现代精确的导航法尚未发明之前,你认为航海员是怎样探路的?ExplanationonP11①这是一个“特殊疑问词+doyouthink…”的双重疑问句结构。除think以外believe，guess,suppose等词也可以用于此结构。Whatdoyousupposehashappenedtohim?在Ithink／believe／guess／suppose/imagine等词的句式中，如果从句有否定，否定词应该前移，即否定转移。Idon’tthinkhewillcome．Ithinkhewillnotcome．[正][误]1.Ibelieveheisanhonestman,____________2.Wedon’tthinkTomhasbrokentheregulations,_______3.Maryguessedhisfathermusthaveboughtherabeautifulshirt,______

Isn’the?hashe?didn’tshe②inventvt．发明，创作；虚构，杜撰AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876.1876年阿历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。Thewholestorywasinvented.整个故事是虚构的。

inventor

n．发明者，发明家，创造者

inventionn．发明，创造；发明物discover：invent：Gilbert___________electricity,butEdison_________theelectriclightbulb.Who_____________America?Who_____________thecomputer?客观存在，被人发现客观没有，被人发明discoveredinventeddiscoveredinvented吉尔伯特发现了电，爱迪生发明了电灯。谁发现了美洲？谁发明了电脑？2.workout①tocalculateananswer,amount,price,orvalue计算②tothinkaboutsth.andmanagetounderstandit设法弄懂③tothinkcarefullyabouthowyouaregoingtodosth.andplanagoodwayofdoingit精心制定出，安排eg.⑴Seeifyoucanworkoutthisbill.

⑵Theplotissocomplicatedthatit’lltakeyouawhiletoworkitout.计算弄明白⑶Ican’tworkoutGeoff;onedayhe’sfriendly,thenextdayheignoresmecompletely.⑷Ihaven’tworkedoutwho’sgongtolookafterthekidstonight.明白计划3.latitude

Ourpositionislatitude40degreesnorth.我们的位置是北纬40度。4.longitudeOurpositionislongitude116degreeseast.我们的位置是东经116度。5.identify

vt.把…等同于;认出,鉴定,认为同一Iidentifiedthejacketatonce；itwasmybrother’s．Heidentifiesbeautywithgoodness．identifyoneselfwith

与……有联系,支持Hepreferrednottoidentifyhimselfwiththatgroup.identificationn.

辨认,鉴定,证明,视为同一identityn.

同一性,身份,一致,特性,恒等式identitycard

身份证1.Wemaywellwonderhowseamenexploredtheoceansbeforelatitudeandlongitudemadeitpossibletoplotaship’spositiononamap.

在经纬度未能绘出航船在地图上的位置之前，我们很想知道航海员是怎样在海上探险的。ReadingPage1

①may/mightwell

很可能，极有可能

Theseareexcellentphotographsandwemaywellusetheminourmagazine.

这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。

Youmightwellfindthatyou’llneedmorebytheweekend.

到周末你很可能会发现你需要更多东西。②主语+think／feel／make／consider…+it+n.／adj.+for／ofsb.todo…其中it为形式宾语，for／of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。我认为学好英语对他很重要。我已经表明我反对这个计划。IthinkitimportantforhimtolearnEnglishwell．IhavemadeitclearthatIobjecttotheplan.2.Thevoyagesoftravelersbeforethe17thcenturyshowthattheywerenotatthemercyoftheseaeventhoughtheydidnothavemodernnavigationalaids.17世纪前的海上航行表明，即使没有现代航海术的帮助，旅行者也没有受大海的支配。①voyage

n./vi.

航海,航行ThevoyagefromEnglandtoIndiausedtotakesixmonths.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。

goon/make/takeaseavoyage去航海旅行voyagern.航行者,航海者trip

指休闲或因商的短途旅行journey

指从一地出发直达目的地的长途陆路旅行或旅程，不含回到原出发点之意。travel

常指到国外或某个遥远的地方去，不强调具体目的地。指具体的旅行时常用复数，用单数一般表示旅行的抽象概念。trip,journey,travel,voyage,tourvoyage

强调较远距离的水上或空中旅行或游历。tour

指周游或巡回旅行，常常是访问一系列地方后再回到原出发点。e.g.WewillhaveacomfortablevoyagetotheFarEastthroughair.我们乘飞机去远东旅游将会非常舒适。Thejourneytotheseasidewilltakenotmorethantwodays.到海边去旅行最多需要花费两天时间。Iatoncebeganmakingpreparationsforatriphome.我马上开始为回家做准备。OurAmericanfriendsaremakingatourofShanghai.我们的美国朋友正在对上海进行巡回旅行。Hecamebackhomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。

Theyhavegoteverythingreadytomakea_____acrosstheAtlantic.A.trip B.travel

C.voyage D.tour②atthemercyofwithoutanyprotectionagainst;helplessbefore任由…摆布；在…面前无助

Theywerelostatsea,atthemercyofwindandweather.

他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气的摆布。

Idon’tliketobeatthemercyofsuchaman.

我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。havemercyon/showmercyto对……表示怜悯Theterroristsshowednomercytothehostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。withoutmercy毫不留情地Themotherleftthedyingbabyinthehospitalwithoutmercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。It’samercy(that)(口)幸运的是,幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)It’samercytheaccidenthappenedsonearthehospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。It’samercyshewasn’tseriouslyhurt.幸运的是她伤势不重。③eventhough=evenif

虽然,即使引导让步状语从句A.引导把握不大或假设的事情

Evenifweachievegreatsuccessinourwork,weshouldnotbeproud.

即使我们在工作上取得了巨大的胜利，也不能骄傲。即便他能通过考试，以后找工作也成问题。.

即使他们失败十次也不灰心丧气。Hewillhaveproblemsinfindingajobevenifhecanpasstheexam.

Theywouldn’tlosehearteveniftheyfailedtentimes.B.引出事实Eventhoughhewaslate,hewasnotcriticizedbytheteacher.他虽然迟到了，也没有挨老师的批评。Icanstillremember,eventhoughitwassolongago.虽然这是很久以前的事，我还记得。*

TherewasneveranytimeforKatetofeellonely,

shewasanonlychild．A.eversince B.nowthat C.eventhough D.evenas*

Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,_____theyaredifferentfromyourown.(05湖南)

A.until B.evenif

C.unless D.asthough3.alongside

prep.=bythesideof;sidebysidewith在……旁边；与……并排adv.=along,near,at,ortotheside在……旁边，近旁，沿着边Heparkedhiscaralongsidethefence.他把车沿着围墙停放。Acardrewupalongside.一辆汽车开上来并排而行。4.minimum(min)

adj.

最小的,最低的

n.

最小值,最小化。其反义词为maximum(max)

adj.

最高的,最多的,最大极限的n.

最大量,最大限度,极大

Theminimumrequirementsforthejobareadegreeandtwoyears’experience.

该工作的最低要求是要有学位和两年的工作经验。

Youmustgetaminimumof40questionsrighttopasstheexamination.

你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。

keep/reducesth.toaminimum

将某物保持在/降低到最低限度

Theschoolmanagestokeepbullyingtoaminimum.

学校设法最低限度得减少恃强凌弱的行为。

Themaximumnumberofstudentsineachclassis58.

每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。

Wemustmakemaximumuseoftheresourcesavailable.

我们必须最大限度地利用可得到的资源。

Temperaturewillreachamaximumof40℃here.

这儿的最高气温将达40摄氏度。5.indicatevt.

指出,显示,象征,预示,需要,简要地说明Iaskedhimwheremysisterwasandheindicatedtheshopopposite.我问他姐姐在哪儿,他朝对面的商店指了一下。Iindicatedthathishelpwasnotwelcome.我表明他的帮助不受欢迎。6.closeadj.

①nearinspaceortime

空间上或时间上靠近的②likely可能的③careful小心的closetodeath

离死亡不远takeacloselookatsth.严密注意某物keepaclosewatch/eyeon仔细地看Theychoseaspotclosetotheriverfortheirpicnic.他们选择了一个离河不远的地方进行野餐。Yourbirthdayisclosetomine.你的生日离我的生日相隔不长。Thetwocountriesareclosetosigningapeaceagreement.两国即将签署和平协议。7.usedtodo表过去习惯化的动作或状态be/become/getusedtodoing/n.习惯于(to为介词)beusedtodo为被动语态，表示“被用来做某事”IusedtogoswimmingonSaturdaysbutnowIdon’t.Thecountrylifehewasusedto_____greatlysince1992.(2005山东)A.change B.haschangedC.changing D.havechangedI’mnotusedtogettingupsoearly.Clothisusedtomakeclothes.usedtodo与would用法对比1.usedtodo表示过去的动作、状态,重在与现在情况的对比,不一定要有时间状语。would只表示过去动作的重复,有明确的时间状语。

IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.

Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.2.表示过去的习惯,可互换。

Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.注:usedtodo的否定式:usedn’ttodo/didn’tusetodo(usedn’t也可写作usen’t.)疑问式:Didyouusetodo…?/Usedyoutodo…?Didn’tyouusetodo…?/Usedn’tyoutodo…?8.nowhereadv.无处,到处都无

该词用于句首时，要用倒装语序。Ihavenojobandnowheretolive.我没工作，也没地方住。NowherecouldIseehim.我哪儿也看不