山东省临沂市汪沟第一中学2022年高二英语下学期期末试卷含解析

山东省临沂市汪沟第一中学2022年高二英语下学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Thereisasystem________thewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.atwhich参考答案：B2.Asateacher,Iseldomgivemystudentssodifficultaproblem_______theycan’tworkout.A.that

B.as

C.if

D.inorderthat参考答案：B3.WangMenghasmadefiveAmericanfriends,_______liveinNewYork.A.twoofthem

B.twoofwhich

C.twoofwhose

D.ofwhomtwo参考答案：D4.CanIhelpyouwithit?Iappreciateyour_______,butIcanmanageitmyself.A．advice

B．offerC．request

D．favour参考答案：B考查名词辨析。A.advice建议；B.offer提议，好意；C.request请求；D.favour喜爱。句意：—我能帮助你做这个事情吗？—谢谢你的好意。可是我自己能行。根据句意说明B正确。5.TheAntarctic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.A.which B.where C.that D.aboutwhich参考答案：D略6.Thecruelman________hiswifeandchild.A．abandoned

B．involved

C．appointed

D．tolerated参考答案：A7.Twoarmedmenwerecaught________tocrossthefrontieratnight.A.try

B.tryingC.totry

D.tried参考答案：B【详解】考查现在分词作主语补足语。句意：两名武装男子在夜间试图越过边境时被抓住。此处是现在分词作主语补足语，故选B。8.2．Youaredrivingtoofast,don’tyouknowthateverydrivershould

thespeedlimitinthisarea.A．lookB．observeC．seeD．watch参考答案：B略9.Thetalkbetweentowsidesbrokedownintheend,arriving__________noagreement.A.to

B.atC.on

D.in参考答案：B【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：双方之间的谈话最终破裂了，没有达成一致意见。arriveatnoagreement固定搭配，意为“没有达成一致”，故选B。15.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.A.settled

B.settling

C.tosettle

D.beingsettled参考答案：A略11.Manypeoplediedinthegreatdisaster,______hisparents.

A.include

B.including

C.included

D.toinclude参考答案：B12.Thenaturalresources,

suchasmine,

forest,

andhydropower(水电)inthatareahavebeen________.A.developed

B.exploited

C.improved

D.expanded参考答案：B13.Thepresentsituationisverycomplex,soIthinkitwilltakemesometimeto_____itsreality.A.makeup B.bringup C.figureout D.breakthrough参考答案：C【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：目前的情况很复杂，所以我想我需要一些时间来了解它的现实。A.makeup编造；B.bringup教育；养育；C.figureout了解；解决；D.breakthrough突破。根据句意故选C。14.AIDsisadiseasethat_______thebody”s

immunesystem.

Abreaksout

B.breaksinto

C.breaksdown

D.breaksup参考答案：C略15.Whenconsideringhowtosettletheproblem,shehad______themostimportantfactor—weather.

A.leftbehind

B.leftover

C.leftout

D.leftalone参考答案：C16.ThereisstillalotforChineseWomen’svolleyballteamtoimprove_____theyhaveobtainedastringofwins.A.nowthat

B.asif

C.eventhough

D.giventhat参考答案：C17.—IhavetelephonedhimtwicebutIcouldn’tgetthrough.—Ithinkthattheline_____bebeingworkedontoday.A.should B.might C.need D.would参考答案：B二、填空18.句型转换（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）71.A:FromthefactsJohnSnowconcludedthatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.

B:FromthefactsJohnSnow______________________thatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.72.A:It’sactuallyveryinterestingtome.

B:It’sactually____________________tome.73.A:WhenshesawmanyvisitorsenjoyinglookingatthebeautifuloldChinesepotsandotherobjectsonshow,shefeltveryproudofhercountry.

B._______manyvisitorsenjoyinglookingatthebeautifuloldChinesepotsandotherobjectsonshow,she___________________hercountry.74.Shefinallyfoundherlostkeys.

Shefinally_________________________herlostkeys.75.A:Ifeltbetterimmediately.

B:Ifeltbetter_______________________.参考答案：71.drewaconclusion

72.ofgreatinterest

73.Seeing,tookpridein

74.putherhandson

75.innotime19.课文原句填空：（10分）（必须与课文原句一致，否则不得分。）1.

However,I______agreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfrommaterialsthathavebeenrecycled,andlessfromrawmaterials,thesupplyof_______isgrowingsmallerandsmaller.2.

_____around,Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpriceforthingsthatare______totheenvironment.3.

Hegotannoyed,______itwasn’thisfaultifhecouldn’tplayaswellasme,and_____Ishouldn’ttalktohiminthis________.4.

Friendshipsbetweengirlsare_______in________feelingsandsupport.5.

Friendshipmeans_______________others.Thebestwaytohaveafriendistobeafriend.6.

However,ifI____________ourfriendship,we_____________bothlearntnothing.7.

Withme_____MsLinShuiqing,fromtheGreenSociety,andMrQianLiwei,abusinessdevelopment________.8.

Theworld’spopulationhasgrown______sixtimes______itwasin1800.9.

I’moftenseen____________againsttheenvironment.10.

Westillhavealongway____________tosolvealltheproblemsin__________theYangtzeRiver.参考答案：略三、阅读理解20.Sydney—Asharksavagedaschoolboy'slegwhilehewassurfingwithhisfatheratabeachinSydneyonFebruary23．ItwasthethirdsharkattackalongthecoastofAustralia'slargestcityinamonth．The15-year-oldboyandhisfatherwereinthewateroffAvalon,onSydney'snorthernbeaches,arounddawnwhenhewasattacked．Thecity'sbeachesarepackedwithlocalsandtouristsduringthesummermonths．"Thefatherheardascreamandturnedtoseehissontrashing（扭动）aboutinthewater,"policesaid．"Fortunately,thesharkswamawayandtheboywashelpedtoshorebyhisfather．LifesavingClubspokesmanNickMiller:"Itgothimaroundthetopofhisleftlegandthefathercameanddraggedhimoutofwater．"Hesaidtheboywasbleedingheavilywhenhewasbroughttoshore．"Therewasalotofpain,asyoucanimagine"．Theteenagerwasairliftedtohospitalfortreatmentforleginjuries．Policesaidthebites"cutthroughtothebone",buttheboydidnotappeartohavesustainedanyfractures（骨折）．Hewasinastableconditionnow．Severalbeacheswereclosedaftertheattack．Waterpoliceandlifeguardsweresearchingfortheshark,whilepolicehopedtoidentifyitsspeciesbytheshapeofthebitemarks．Buttheysaiditwastooearlytosaywhattypeofsharkattackedtheboy．"Idon'tevenknowifhesawit,"Millersaid．ManysharkspeciesliveinthewatersoffSydney'sbeaches,butattacksonhumansarestilllyrare．However,thereweretwoattacksonsuccessivedaysearlierthismonth,oneonanavydiverinSydneyharbor,notfarfromthefamousOperaHouse,andtheotheronasurferatthecity'sworld-famousBondibeach．Fishermensaysharknumbersareontherise．Thereisabanoncommercialfishingintheharbor,whichhasincreasedfishstocks．Marineexpertsalsoclaimenvironmentalprotectionhascreatedacleanerenvironment,attractingsharksclosertoshoreastheychasefish．Manysharkspecies,includingtheGreatWhite—theman-eatermadefamousinStevenSpielberg'sJaws—areprotectedinAustralianwaters．【小题1】Thereportmainlytellsus_______．A．sharkattacksonhumansareontheriseB．sharksattackedhumansthreetimesinonemonthC．aboywasattackedbyasharkataSydneybeachD．sharknumbersareincreasinginthewatersoffSydney'sbeaches【小题2】Theunderlinedword"savaged"inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans_______．A．attracted

B．dragged

C．bit

D．packed【小题3】WhatdoweknowaboutthecityofSydneyfromthepassage?A．ItisoneofthelargestcitiesinAustralia．B．SydneyharborisnotfarfromthefamousOperaHouse．C．Therearemanylocalsandtouristsonitscoastallyearround．D．TherearefewsharkspeciesinthewatersoffSydney'sbeaches．【小题4】AllthefollowingsarethecausesofAustralia'ssharksincreasingEXCEPT

that_______．A．environmentalprotectionhascreatedacleanerenvironmentB．abanoncommercialfishinghasincreasedfishnumbersC．manysharkspeciesareprotectedinAustraliawatersD．thefilmJawsmadetheGreatWhitefamous参考答案：CCBD试题分析:：本文讲述的是在悉尼的沙滩上发生的鲨鱼攻击人类的新闻，描述了具体的情景，并分析了鲨鱼数量增加的原因[小题1]C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Sydney—Ashark

savaged

aschoolboy’slegwhilehewassurfingwithhisfatheratabeachinSydneyonFebruary23.ItwasthethirdsharkattackalongthecoastofAustralia’slargestcityinamonth.可知本文报道了在悉尼发生的鲨鱼袭击人类的新闻，故C正确。[小题2]C推理题。根据文章第一段Ashark

savaged

aschoolboy’slegwhilehewassurfingwithhisfatheratabeachinSydneyonFebruary23.和第五段Policesaidthebites“cutthroughtothebone”,buttheboydidnotappeartohavesustainedanyfractures(骨折).Hewasinastableconditionnow.可知这里的savaged是指一条鲨鱼咬了这个男孩。故C项正确。[小题3]B细节题。根据文章倒数第二段2,3行However,thereweretwoattacksonsuccessivedaysearlierthismonth,oneonanavydiverinSydneyharbor，notfarfromthefamousOperaHouse,说明悉尼港离悉尼歌剧院很近，故B正确。[小题4]D细节题。根据文章倒数3,4,5行Thereisabanoncommercialfishingintheharbor,whichhasincreasedfishstocks.Marineexpertsalsoclaimenvironmentalprotectionhascreatedacleanerenvironment,attractingsharksclosertotheshoreastheychasefish.说明ABC三项都是原因，只有D项不是，故D正确。

21.ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagohavetrainedanartificialintelligencesystem,towritefakereviewsonYelp,awebsiteshowingcustomersreviewsonshoppingorsomethingelse,andit'sprettyhardtotellthemapartfromahumanreview.Theirstudy,whichwillbepresentedattheACMConferenceonComputerandCommunicationsSecurityinOctober,aimedtothrowattentionontohoweasilythesesystemscanwritereviewslikehumansandhowdamagingtheycanbecomeifthey’renotmonitoredproperly.Sincemanysmallbusinessesrelyononlinereviewstohelpgrowandkeeptheirreputation,afuturewheresomeone—likearivalorangrycustomer—couldcrazilyfilltheirpagewithnegativereviewswrittenbyamachineisprettyworrying.And,accordingtotheresearchteam,thethreatgoesfarbeyondabunchoffakereviewsonYelp.“Ingeneralthethreatisbigger,”BenY.Zhao.oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,said.“Ithinkthethreattowardssocietyislargeanditreallymisleadsusersandshakesourbeliefinwhatisrealandwhatisnot.Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeevenunimaginable.”Totesthowbelievablethesereviewscameacross,theresearchersinvited40volunteersandhadAIgeneratefivefakereviewsfor40actualrestaurants.Thevolunteerswereaskedhowusefultheythoughtthereviewwasandwhetherornottheythoughtitwasfake.TheAIreviewsrankedas“effectivelyindistinguishable”fromrealreviews，accordingtothestudy.Further,thefakereviewsweregivena3.15"usefulness"rating,comparedtoa3.28ratingforhumanreviews.12.Whatcanthenewartificialintelligencesystemdoaccordingtothepassage？A.Itcanhelptrainnewreviewers.B.Itcantelltherealreviewsfromthefakeones.C.Itcanwritehuman-likereviews.D.Itcaneasilydamagethebusinesses.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"rival''meaninthepassage?A.Apersonwhorespectsyoudeeply.BApersonwhocompeteswithyou.C.Apersonwholovestogivefakereviews.D.Apersonwhocancontrolyoufromdistance.14.WhatcanweinferfromBenY.Zhao'sremarks?A.Artificialintelligencecanputthesocietyindanger.B.TheartificialintelligenceisonlyusedbytheresearchersC.BenY.Zhaoisoptimisticaboutthefurtherdevelopmentofartificialintelligence.D.Theartificialintelligencewillhelppeopleshake.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TipsSuggestionsonGivingReviews.B.HowtoTelltheFakeReviews.C.DevelopmentofAIinReviewonYelp.D.AIisComingtoStealYourReviews.参考答案：12.C

13.B

14.A

15.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。芝加哥大学的研究人员已经培训出了一个人工智能(AI)系统，在Yep上编写虚假评论，足以乱真其目的是强调这些系统可以很容易地写出像人类一样的评论，如果它们没有被恰当的运用，它们会变得多么具有破坏性，而这一威胁远远不止如此。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段ResearchersattheUniversityofChicagohavetrainedanartificialintelligencesystem,towritefakereviewsonYelp,awebsiteshowingcustomersreviewsonshoppingorsomethingelse,andit'sprettyhardtotellthemapartfromahumanreview.芝加哥大学(UniversityofChicago)的研究人员研发了一个人工智能系统，让它在Yelp网站上撰写虚假评论。很难把它们与人类的评论区分开。可知，这种新的人工智能系统可以撰写出就像人类写的一样的评论。故选C项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段第1句Sincemanysmallbusinessesrelyononlinereviewstohelpgrowandkeeptheirreputation,afuturewheresomeonecouldcrazilyfilltheirpagewithnegativereviewswrittenbyamachineisprettyworrying由于许多小企业依赖在线评论来帮助成长和保持声誉，未来有人可能会疯狂地用机器写的负面评论填满他们的页面，这是相当令人担忧的。可知划线单词所在部分likearivalorangrycustomer是someone的同位语，对其进行解释说明。根据上下文语境以及生活常识可以判断出，对于企业来说，面对的有顾客和竞争对手两类人。因此