初中英语中考复习 考点36 任务型阅读之判断正误-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）

考点36任务型阅读之判断正误一、任务型阅读理解题解读

任务型阅读理解测试主要考查考生在有限的时间内根据不同的人的不同需要捕捉到相应的有效信息的能力。任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材真实可靠，内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活、富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。

该题型主要考查考生是否能够有效地运用语言＂做事＂的能力，体现了语言能力、智力能力和社会经验等方面能力的有机结合。从某种意义上来说，这一题型的阅读理解实际上就是一道高水平的智能检测题——综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等。如果考生心理承受力比较弱，或者应试时头脑一时不那么开窍，恐怕很快就会感觉犹如＂雾里看花＂，似它非它了；而且考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目作出正确的分析和判断，产生曼延作用。

二、解题步骤

任务型阅读理解题的解题的关键在于正确把握要求与符合要求的条件之间的一一对应关系，该类的＂对应＂可能是＂主旨对应＂，也可能是＂情节对应＂，还可以是＂细节对应＂等。同学们只要能够把握住这一原则就能轻松做好这种试题。

＂一一对应阅读方法＂的具体步骤如下：

第一步：认真阅读背景介绍，了解话题或主题。

第二步：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在关键词下划线，以便有利于为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。

第三：对照题目的要求，从选项中选出符合以上要求的对应条件。有时，只要顺着关键词的线索就能轻松找到正确的答案。

第四步：快速对照要求和条件两条线索通读一遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确率。A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断其后面所给句子的对错，并在答题卡上将所选的对应选项涂黑。选"对"涂A，选"错"涂B。Oneday,Tom'steacher,MissMakheldaclassmeeting."TherewillbeaflagdaynextSaturday.Doesanyonewanttojointhismeaningfulevent(活动)?"askedMissMak.Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildrenbuthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat."Tom,youhaven'tsoldflagsbefore,"saidMissMaksuddenly."Wouldyouliketohaveatry?"Tomwashesitant(犹豫的),buthefinallynodded.Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet."Ex­cuseme,Couldy­o­upl­ea­sebuy...?"saidAngelasoftlytothefirstpersonshemet.Themansmiledandputfive-dollarcoinintoAngela'scollectionbag.Thenshesaidthanksandputaflagunderhisshoulder."Ididit!"saidAngelahappily."It'syourturnnow."Feelingnervous,Tombegantoshake.Soon,hesawayoungladywalkingtowardshim.Theladywassmilingandholdingafewcoinsinherhand.Sheasked,"AreyousellingflagsforFundfortheHomelessChildren?"Tom'sfacebecameredandsaidyes.Thentheladymadethedonation(捐赠)andTomgaveheraflag."Youmadeit!"laughedAngela.Inthenextcoupleofhours,AngelaandTomsoldflagsquicklyandbravely.Atlast,theircollectionbagsweresoheavythattheyhadtoholdthemwithbotharms.Theyfeltveryproud.11.Tomkeptquietinhisseatbecausehewasnotinterestedintheactivity.A.Right. B.Wrong.12.WhenMissMakaskedTomtohaveatry,hefinallynodded.A.Right. B.Wrong.13.TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.A.Right. B.Wrong.14.ThefirstmanpayAngelatendollarsfortheflag.A.Right. B.Wrong.15.TomandAngelafeelconfidentaftertheysoldtheflags.A.Right. B.Wrong.【答案】11.B12.A13.A14.B15.A【解析】本文主要讲述了Tom和Angela在街上卖旗子的经历和体验。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第1大段“Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildrenbuthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers”Tom对为无家可归的孩子们筹集钱是感兴趣的，但是他没有勇气和陌生人说话。可知，不是因为不感兴趣。故选B。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第2大段“buthefinallynodded.”但是他最后点头了。可知，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第3大段“TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.”Tom和Angela在繁忙的街上卖旗子。可知，故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第3大段“Themansmiledandputfive-dollarcoinintoAngela'scollectionbag.”这个男人付了5美元，可知，不是10美元。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第5大段“Theyfeltveryproud”他们感觉很骄傲。可推测在原来的没有勇气和担忧，变成卖完旗子后的骄傲，他们是有自信了。故选A。B阅读理解阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。A篇为判断正(A)误(B)题，B、C篇为选择题。AWhenwewerelittlekids,weknewabouttrafficlights.Thecolorredmeansstop,thecolorgreenmeansgoandthecoloryellowmeansslowdownorshowsomecaution(小心).Butwhyarethesecolorsusedfortrafficlights?Whycouldn'ttheybecolorslikeblue,brownororange?Hereisthehistoryofthecolorsfortrafficlights.Well,it'simportanttoknowthatbeforethereweretrafficlightsforcars,thereweretrafficsignals(信号)fortrains.Atfirst,railwaycompaniesusedredtomeanstop,whitetomeangoandgreentomeancaution.Buttraindrivershadafewproblemswiththecolorwhitemeaninggo.Theycouldeasilymistakestarsatnightforthesignaltogo.Sorailwaycompaniesmovedtothecolorgreentomeango,andthecoloryellowtomeancaution.Thecolorredhasalottodowithdanger.Redisthecolorwiththelongestwavelength(波长),soitcanbeseenfromagreaterdistancethanothercolors.Thecoloryellowisusedtomeancautionbecauseithasalittleshorterwavelengththanred,butnotasshortasgreen.Believeitornot,yellowwasonceusedtomeanstop.Backinthe1900s,somestopsignswereyellowbecausetheywereeasiertoseeinpoorly-litareas.Butpeopleonceagainusedredtomeanstopaftermorehighlyreflective(反光)materialsweredeveloped.Sinceyellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday,schoolzonesandschoolbusescontinuetobepaintedyellow.Trafficlightsreallycamealongway.From:https://11.Theearliesttrafficsignalswerefortrains.12.Thecolorbluewasonceinearlytrafficsignals.13Thecolorgreencanbeseenfromagreaterdistancethanothercolors.14.Backinthe1900s,yellowwasusedtomeanstop.15.Schoolbusesarepaintedyellowbecausethiscolorcanbeseenatalltimesoftheday.【答案】11.A12.B13.B14.A15.A【解析】文章主要是介绍交通灯颜色的历史。。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Atfirst,railwaycompaniesusedredtomeanstop,whitetomeangoandgreentomeancaution.可知，起初交通灯是为火车准备的，所以这里的描述是正确的，故填A。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Whenwewerelittlekids,weknewabouttrafficlights.Thecolorredmeansstop,thecolorgreenmeansgoandthecoloryellowmeansslowdownorshowsomecaution(小心).Butwhyarethesecolorsusedfortrafficlights?Whycouldn’ttheybecolorslikeblue,brownororange?Hereisthehistoryofthecolorsfortrafficlights.可知，蓝色没有被作为交通灯而使用，故填B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Redisthecolorwiththelongestwavelength(波长),soitcanbeseenfromagreaterdistancethanothercolors.Thecoloryellowisusedtomeancautionbecauseithasalittleshorterwavelengththanred,butnotasshortasgreen.可知，是红色比其他颜色从很远的地方可以看到。所以这里的描述是错误的，故填B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Backinthe1900s,somestopsignswereyellowbecausetheywereeasiertoseeinpoorly-litareas.可知，早在20世纪，黄色就被用来表示停止。所以这里的描述是正确的，故填A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据文中Sinceyellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday,schoolzonesandschoolbusescontinuetobepaintedyellow.可知，由于一天中任何时候都能很好地看到黄色，学校区域和校车继续被涂成黄色。所以这里的描述是正确的，故填A。A（2020•青岛市）阅读以下材料，根据其内容判断其后各个小题正、误。正确的选A，错误的选B。AChinaNationalFilmMuseum9NanyingRoad,ChaoyangDistrict,BeijingTel:(010)8435

5959Open:9:00-16:30exceptMGiftshopwithlegitimateDVDs/cafeteria/snackshops(popcornformovieviewing)ForbiddenCityandthePalaceMuseum4JiangshanqianStreet,DongchengDistrict,BeijingTel:(010)85007421/7420Open:8:30-17:00,Apr.1-Oct.31;8:30-16:30,Nov.1-Mar.31ClosedonMon.afternoonexceptpublicholidaysandsummervacation(July1-Aug.31)Giftshop/bookshop/museumguideavailable/restaurant/coffeeshop/shopsandcafesNationalArtMuseumofChina1WusidaStreet,DongchengDistrict,BeijingTel:(010)64001467Open:9:00-17:00lastentry16:00CafeteriaatthebackofthebuildingNationalMuseumofChina16EastChanganStreet,DongchengDistrict,BeijingTel:(010)65116188Open:9:00-17:00exceptMon.,ticketboxclosedat15:30Giftshop/audioguide21.YoucanvisittheChinaNationalFilmMuseumonTuesday.22.Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutfilms,youcancall(010)64001467.23.YoucanvisittheForbiddenCityandthePalaceMuseumonMondayinsummervacation.24.YoucanentertheNationalMuseumofChinaat17:30.25.ThefourmuseumsareinthesamedistrictofBeijing.这是一篇应用文，文章用表格介绍了四个博物馆的广告。21.A【解析】题意：你可以周二参观中国国家电影博物馆。细节理解题。根据“Open:9:00-16:30exceptMon.”可知除了周一都可以去，句子表述正确。故答案为A。22.B【解析】题意：如果你想知道更多关于电影的事，可以打电话(010)64001467。细节理解题。根据“ChinaNationalFilmMuseum…Tel:(010)84355959”可知要打电话(010)84355959。句子表述错误。故答案为B。23.A【解析】题意：你可以在暑假的周一参观紫禁城和故宫。细节理解题。根据“Open:8:30-17:00,Apr.1-Oct.31;8:30-16:30,Nov.1-Mar.31ClosedonMon.afternoonexceptpublicholidaysandsummervacation(July1-Aug.31)”可知平时周一是闭馆的，但是除公共假期和暑假外，因此暑假周一是能参观的。句子表述正确。故答案为A。24.B【解析】题意：你可以在下午五点半进入中国国家博物馆。细节理解题。根据“Open:9:00-17:00exceptMon.,ticketboxclosedat15:30”可知下午五点半售票处就关闭了，句子表述错误。故答案为B。25.B【解析】题意：这四个博物馆都在北京相同的区域。细节理解题。根据“ChaoyangDistrict,Beijing”可知中国国家电影博物馆在北京朝阳区；根据“DongchengDistrict,Beijing”可知紫禁城和故宫、中国国家艺术博物馆以及中国国家博物馆都在北京东城区。句子表述错误。故答案为B。B（2020•甘肃武威市）阅读以下材料，根据其内容判断其后各个小题正、误。正确的选A，错误的选B。WhataKid!Tadisaveryspecialboy.Heisconfinedtoawheelchair.Hewasbornwithanillnessthatmadehimunabletowalk.SomeboyswouldbesadorangryaboutthatbutnotTad.Instead,helooksforwaystomakepeoplehappy.HecalledtheGreenOaksSchoolfortheblindandaskedifhecouldvolunteer.Theysaid,"Sure!"Tadwenttotheschoolandquicklymadefriends.Everyday,hereadsbookstothechildren.Heplaysgameswiththem.Sometimeshehelpsthemdotheirschoolwork.ThechildrenattheschoolnicknamedhimLuckybecausetheyfeelsoluckytohavehimasafriend.ThatmakesTadhappy!31.Tadhasbeenunabletowalksincehewasborn.32.TheGreenOaksSchoolcalledTadtomakehimavolunteer.33.TadreadsbookstothechildrenattheGreenOaksSchoolonceaweek.34.ChildrenattheschoolloveTad.35.LuckyisthenicknameofTadattheschool.这篇文章主要介绍泰德生来患有一种使他不能走路的疾病，他不但不会感到悲伤，反而经常给别人带来快乐，他去一所学校做志愿者，给孩子们读书、帮助他们完成功课，孩子们都叫他幸运泰德，这使泰德非常快乐。31.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“

Hewasbornwithanillnessthatmadehimunabletowalk.

”，可知他生下来就得了一种使他不能行走的疾病，因此此句的描述是正确的，故选A。32.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“HecalledtheGreenOaksSchoolfortheblindandaskedifhecouldvolunteer.”，可知是他打电话给绿橡树盲人学校，问他是否可以做志愿者，因此此句的描述是错误的，故选B。33.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“

Everyday,hereadsbookstothechildren.”，可知他是每天给孩子们读书，而不是一周一次，因此此句的描述是错误的，故选B。【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“ThechildrenattheschoolnicknamedhimLuckybecausetheyfeelsoluckyto34.Ahavehimasafriend.学校的孩子们给他起了个绰号Lucky，因为他们觉得有他做朋友真是太幸运了”，可知学校的孩子们都很喜欢泰德，因此此句的描述是正确的，故选A。【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“ThechildrenattheschoolnicknamedhimLucky”，可知Lucky是学校里泰德35.A的绰号，因此此句的描述是正确的，故选A。C（2020•绥化市）Whenyoudoyourhomework,youmayoftenmeetsomeproblems.Howdoyousolvethem?Tom,amiddleschoolstudent,wouldtakeouthissmartphone,openaspecialapp（应用）andsearchtheproblem.Answerssoonappearonthescreen.Nowadays,manystudentsdohomeworkwiththehelpofthespecialappslikeTom."It'sconvenient.Youdon'thavetogooutorwaitforatutor（家庭教师）athome,"Tomsaid."Youalsolearnbyseeinghowothersworkthemout.It’sveryhelpfulandimprovesstudents'abilities."saidJohn,anotherstudent.Hesaiditwasespeciallytruefornewtypesofhomework.John'sChineseteacheroftenasksstudentstogivespeechesongreatwriters.WhenitcomestoJohn'sturn,heusuallysearchesonline,picksoutcertainstoriesandmakesPPTS（演示文稿）."I'vebecomeskilledatfindinginformationonlineandusingMicrosoftOffice."Johnsaid.However,manypeoplethinkthistrend（趋势）alsobringsupproblems.Somestudentsjustcopytheanswersonlinewithoutthinking.Theybecomelazy.HeadteacherMr.WanginTomandJohn'sschoolthinksthatknowinghowtousetheInternetisimportant.Thekeyistohavegoodself-control."Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,thinkaboutitbyyourselffirst.RemembernottodependontheInternettoomuch."theteachersaid."Besuretounderstandthereasonsbehindtheanswers,oryouwon'tmakeprogress.Ifyoudon'thaveconfidenceinyourself-control,askyourparentsforhelp."根据短文内容判断对错，对的为“T”，错的为“F”。81.TomandJohnareindifferentschools.82.Doinghomeworkwiththehelpofthespecialappsisconvenient.83.Mr.Wangthinksthekeytousetheappswellistohavegoodself-control.84.Allthestudentsbecomelazybydoinghomeworkwiththehelpoftheapps.85.Mr.Wangadvisedstudentsnottodependontheappstoomuchwhendoinghomework.文章大意：短文讲了一些学生用一个特殊的应用程序解决遇到的一些问题，详细地介绍了人们的不同观点和建议。81.F【解析】理解判断题。根据HeadteacherMr.WanginTomandJohn'sschoolthinksthatknowinghowtousetheInternetisimportant.可知汤姆和约翰在不同的学校是错误的，在同一个学校，故答案为F。82.T【解析】理解判断题。根据Nowadays,manystudentsdohomeworkwiththehelpofthespecialappslikeTom."It'sconvenient.可知在特殊的应用程序的帮助下做作业很方便，故答案为T。83.T【解析】理解判断题。根据HeadteacherMr.WanginTomandJohn'sschoolthinksthatknowinghowtousetheInternetisimportant.Thekeyistohavegoodself-control.可知王先生认为，用好这些应用的关键是要有良好的自制力，故答案为T。84.F【解析】理解判断题。根据Somestudentsjustcopytheanswersonlinewithoutthinking.Theybecomelazy.可知在这些应用程序的帮助下，所有的学生都变得懒惰起来是错误的，是一些学生，不是所有学生，故答案为F。85.T【解析】理解判断题。根据"Nomatterhowdifficulttheproblemis,thinkaboutitbyyourselffirst.RemembernottodependontheInternettoomuch."theteachersaid.可知王先生建议学生们在做作业时不要太依赖应用程序，故答案为T。D（2020•威海市）阅读C篇，判断正误，请将答案编号涂卡。Someone'salwayswatchingyouonline...Howdotheygetmyinformation?DidyouknowthatwhenyousurftheWeb,manywebsitesputsecretsoftwareonyourcomputer?ThesoftwarecollectsalargeamountofinformationaboutyouandsendsittoInternetcompanies.TheInternetcompaniessellittootherbusinesses.Yourpersonalinformationcanalsobecollectedfromsocialmedia（媒体）sites.Therearemanywaysyourinformationcanbeused.Whatinformationdotheycollectandwhy?First,companiescollectyourinformation.Thecompaniesfindoutwhereyoulive,whatwebsitesyouvisit,andwhatyoudoonline.Withthisinformation,theycanguessotherthingsaboutyou.Forexample,theycanguessifyouaremaleorfemale,howoldyouare,andyourinterests.Thecompaniesusethisinformationtodecidewhichadvertisements（广告）arebestforyou.Twopeoplecangotothesamewebsite,buttheywillseedifferentadvertisements.Forexample,someonewholikessportscouldseeanadvertisementforsneakers,andsomeonewholikefilmsmightseeanadvertisementformovie.Whatdotheydowithmyinformation?Yourpersonalinformationcouldalsobesold.Somecompaniescollectinformationjustsotheycansellittootherbusinesses.Abusinessthatcollectsandsellspersonalinformationiscalledadatabroker.Whendatabrokerssellyourinformation,alotofdifferentcompanieswillknowyouronlinehabits.Thenthesecompanieswilladvertiseproductsorotherwebsitestoyou.Whatonlinehabitsaretracked（追踪）?Anotherwayyourpersonalinformationcanbecollectedisthroughsocialmedia.Whenyourinformationisonsocialmedia,alotofpeoplecanseeit.Evenifyoudon'tusesocialmedia,afriendmightpostapictureorvideoofyouwithyournameonit.Picturesandvideoscanbesharedforfreeonsocialmedia,whichisoneofthegreatbenefits（福利）.However,thatsameactofsharingcouldbeproblemforyourownsecurity（安全）.Ifsomeoneknowstoomuchaboutyou,theycanstealyouridentity（身份）.Thentheycanbuythingsonlineandpostmessageswhilepretending（假装）tobeyou.Conclusion.Allofyouronlinehabitscanberecorded.Studyingpeople'sonlinehabitsisbigbusiness.Yourpersonalinformationisveryvaluabletocompanies.Thatishowtheyknowwhotosendtheiradvertisementsto.TheInternetreachesalmosteverycorneroftheworld,butthedangeristhatyourpersonalinformationmighttravelthatfar,too.正确的，涂A：错误的，涂B。11.Allbusinessescollectalargeamountofinformationaboutyouonline.12.Peoplewhogotothesamewebsitemayseedifferentadvertisements.13.Databrokerscollectyourpersonalinformationformoney.14.Ifyoudon’tgetonline,yourinformationwillbesafe.15.YourpersonalinformationcangoanywherewiththeInternet.现在网络已经在生活中普遍使用，但是你知道吗，当我们在网上冲浪时，我们的很多信息有可能被泄露。这篇短文给我们讲述了一些网站怎样获取我们的信息、用我们的信息做什么等情况。11.B【解析】根据短文第一段“DidyouknowthatwhenyousurftheWeb,manywebsitesputsecretsoftwareonyourcomputer?ThesoftwarecollectsalargeamountofinformationaboutyouandsendsittoInternetcompanies.”可知，很多网站会在我们上网的时候收集我们的信息，发送给互联网公司。但并不是所有的公司都这样做，因此这句话是错误的。故选B。12.A【解析】根据短文第二段“Thecompaniesusethisinformationtodecidewhichadvertisementsarebestforyou.Twopeoplecangotothesamewebsite,buttheywillseedifferentadvertisements.”可知，很多互联网公司利用在网上收集来的信息决定哪些广告适合你。因此两个人上同一个网站，但看到的广告是不同的。由此可知这句话是正确的，故选A。13.A【解析】根据短文第三段“Abusinessthatcollectsandsellspersonalinformationiscalledadatabroker.”可知，数据代理公司收集和销售个人信息，因此这里说它们收集你的信息为了赚钱是符合文意的。故选A。14.B【解析】根据短文第四段“Anotherwayyourpersonalinformationcanbecollectedisthroughsocialmedia.Whenyourinformationisonsocialmedia,alotofpeoplecanseeit.Evenifyoudon'tusesocialmedia,afriendmightpostapictureorvideoofyouwithyournameonit.”可知，我们的个人信息被收集还有一种方式是通过社交媒体。因此即使我们不上网，我们的信息也可能会被很多人看到。由此可知这句话是错误的，故选B。15.A【解析】根据短文的最后“TheInternetreachesalmosteverycorneroftheworld,butthedangeristhatyourpersonalinformationmighttravelthatfar,too.”可知，现在互联网几乎覆盖了世界的每一个角落，因此我们的个人信息也可能会传播到很远的地方。由此可知这句话是正确的，故选A。E（2020•枣庄市）读下面的文章，然后判断文章后面的问题，正确的答案写T，错误的答案写F。把答案涂在答题卡对应小题的后面。Therocketstakeastronautsandman-madesatellites(卫星)intospace.Thesatellitesareusedforcommunication,weathercheckingandresearch.Buthowdosatellitesstayupwithoutfallingdown?Therearetwooppositeforcesinfluencingthesatellite.Oneofthemistheforceofgravitation(地心引力),whichtriestopullthesatellitetowardstheearthandislikearopewhichkeepsthesatellitefromflyingaway.Theotherforceiscreatedbytheturningofthesatellitearoundtheearth.Thisforcetriestotakethesatelliteawayfromtheearth.Withthesetwoforces,thesatellitegoesroundandround.Everythingthatgoesuphastocomedown.Itisonlyamatteroftimebeforeasatellitecomesbacktotheearth.Astimegoesby,thesatellitelosesitsspeed,whichmakestheforcepullingittowardstheearthstrongerthantheforcepullingitaway.Thismakesthesatellitefalldowntotheearth.17.Twosameforceshaveaninfluenceonthesatellite.18.Theforcecreatedbytheturningkeepsthesatellitefromflyingaway.19.Twooppositeforcesmakethesatelliteturnroundandround.20.Thesatellitewillstayinspaceforever.本文解释了人造卫星在太空中不坠落的原因。17.F【解析】细节理解题。根据Therearetwooppositeforcesinfluencingthesatellite，可知，两种相反的力影响着卫星，所以此句话是错误的。故答案为F。18.F【解析】细节理解题。根据Theotherforceiscreatedbytheturningofthesatellitearoundtheearth.Thisforcetriestotakethesatelliteawayfromtheearth，可知，由卫星绕地球旋转产生的力试图把卫星带离地球，所以此句话是错误的。故答案为F。19.T【解析】细节理解题。根据Withthesetwoforces,thesatellitegoesroundandround，可知，这两个力使卫星一圈一圈的旋转，所以此句话是正确的。故答案为T。20.F【解析】细节理解题。根据Astimegoesby,thesatellitelosesitsspeed,whichmakestheforcepullingittowardstheearthstrongerthantheforcepullingitaway.Thismakesthesatellitefalldowntotheearth，可知，当卫星失去它的速度，使得将它拉向地球的力要大于将它拉离地球的力时，卫星就会落到地球，所以此句话是错误的。故答案为F。F（2020•云南省）根据短文内容,判断正误（正确“T”,错误“F”）,并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。InChina,thereare24solarterms（节气）inayear.Andtherearesixoftheminwinter.Theyarebeginningofwinter,lightsnow,heavysnow,wintersolstice（冬至）,lessercold(小寒）andgreatercold.BeginningofwinterusuallyfallsonNovember7thor8th.Afterbeginningofwinter,mostpartsofthecountrycanstarttoexpectcoldweather.Onthisday,afterayearofhardwork,peoplearehappytohavearestandspendtimewithfamily.ThenorthernChinacelebratesbeginningofwinterasthe“SmallSpringFestival”.Peopleusuallyhavedumplingsandmuttonsouponthatday.LightsnowusuallyfallsonNovember22ndor23rdandheavysnowusuallyfallsonDecember7thor8th.Whenwintersolsticecomes,itbringstheshortestdaysoftheyearandthelongestnights.Manyplacesaroundthecountrycanexpectthecoldestweatheryet.Peopleoftenstartcounting“ninecoldperiods”startingfromwintersolstice.Everycoldperiodhasninedays.Peoplebelievethatafter81colddays,springwillcome.Greatercoldcomesafterlessercold.Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.AndallChinesearereadytowelcometheSpringFestivalafterit.Ofcourse,anewroundofsolartermswillstart.26.Fromthepassage,weknowthattherearesixsolartermsinwinter.27.PeopleinnorthernChinausuallyhavedumplingsandmuttonsouponbeginningofwinter.28.Heavysnowcomesbeforelightsnow.29.AllChinesearereadytocelebratetheSpringFestivalaftergreatercold.30.ThepassagetellsushowpeoplecelebratetheSpringFestival.这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍冬季的六个节气。26.T【解析】题意：从文中得出，冬天有六个节气。根据第一段“thereare24solartermsinayear.Andtherearesixoftheminwinter.”可知有六个节气在冬季。句子表述正确。故答案为T。27.T【解析】题意:中国南方的人通常在冬天开始的时候吃饺子和羊肉汤。根据第二段“Peopleusuallyhavedumplingsandmuttonsouponthatday”可知人们通常在冬季开始时候吃饺子和羊肉汤，句子表述正确。故答案为T。28.F【解析】题意：大雪在小雪之前。根据第三段“LightsnowusuallyfallsonNovember22ndor23rdandheavysnowusuallyfallsonDecember7thor8th”可知小雪在大雪之前，句子表述错误。故答案为F。29.T【解析】题意：所有的中国人都准备好在大寒之后庆祝春节。根据第四段“Greatercoldcomesafterlessercold.Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.AndallChinesearereadytowelcometheSpringFestivalafterit”可知大寒之后人们准备庆祝春节，句子表述准确。故答案为T。30.F【解析】题意：这篇文章主要讲述人们怎样庆祝春节。这篇文章主要讲述的是冬季的节气，句子表述错误，故答案为F。G（2020•昆明市）RobotshavebuiltabighouseinSwitzerlandusing3D-printedmaterials.Itisthefirsthousemadebyrobotsforpeopletolivein.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferthanman-madehouses.Thecreatorssaythebighousewillinspirethefutureofbuilding.“Thisisanewwayseeingarchitecture（建筑）,”saidoneofthecreators."Howyoubuildisimportant."Thebighousewasbuiltcompletelyfromrobot-madematerials.Itused60%lesscement（水泥）thanaman-madehouse.Itsceilings（天花板）weremadewitha3Dprinter.Thereare35partsinthehouseandeachonewasbuiltin60to90minutes.Itmeansthattherobotsbuiltthefullhouseinjust48hours.Itisnotthefirsttimeforrobotstobuildhouses.TheChineseused3Dprinterstobuild10housesinadayin2014.Theycreatedabuildingthenextyear.AndlastyearItaliansbuiltahouseinjust48hours.Scientistssayonedaytheycouldsendrobotstobuildhousesonthemoon.Wearecuriousabouthowwe'rebuildingforthefuture.根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。26.Thebighouseisthefirsthousemadebyrobots.________27.Thebighousedoeslessharmtotheenvironmentthanman-madeones.________28.The35partsofthebighousewerebuiltfromrobot-madematerials.________29.TheChinesecreateda3D-printedbuildinginjust48hoursin2014.________30.Robotswereoncesenttothemoontobuildhouses.________本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了机器人用3D打印材料建造房子的优势及前景。26.F【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Itisnotthefirsttimeforrobotstobuildhouses”可知，这不是机器人第一次建造房屋。故答案为F。27.T【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferthanman-madehouses”可知，这座大房子比人造房屋更环保、更安全，对环境的危害更少。故答案为T。28.T【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thebighousewasbuiltcompletelyfromrobot-madematerials…Thereare35partsinthehouse”可知，这座房子的35个部分都是由机器人制造的材料建造的。故答案为T。29.F【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“TheChineseused3Dprinterstobuild10housesinadayin2014…Theycreatedabuildingthenextyear”可知，2014年，中国人用3D打印机一天建造了10栋房子，第二年又建造了一座建筑，但并没有提到在48小时内完成的。故答案为F。30.F【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Scientistssayonedaytheycouldsendrobotstobuildhousesonthemoon”可知，科学家们说有一天他们可以派机器人去月球上建造房屋，因此机器人还没有被发送到月球建造房屋。故答案为F。SA（2020•黑龙江省牡丹江市市区中考一模）Peterlivedinavillage.Hewassadrecentlybecausehethoughtthathehadnothingleft.Oneday,Peterwenttoaskawisemanforhelp.Hesaidtothewiseman,Ihavenothingleft,soIdon’twanttolive.Thewisemansmiledsympathetically(同情地).Thewisemantookoutapieceofpaperanddrewastraightlinedownthemiddle.HeexplainedthathewouldwritedownthethingsPeterhadlostontheleftsideandthethingsPeterstillhadontherightside.Thewisemanasked,“Whendidyourfamilyleaveyou?”“Whatdoyoumean?Theyhaven’tleftme.Theyloveme.”“That’sgreat!”saidthewiseman.“Thenthatwillbethefirstthingontherightside—Familyhaven’tleft.Now,doyouhavefreedom(自由)?”“That’sasillyquestion.OfcourseIdo.”“Good!That’sthesecondoneontherightside—Youhavefreedom.”saidthewiseman,writingitdown.AfterPeterwasaskedsomemorequestionsinthesameway,hefinallyunderstoodandsmiled.“Thingswillchangewhenyouthinkoftheminadifferentway!”hesaid.Asamatteroffact,changeyourattitude(态度)andyouwillchangeyourworld.It’snecessarytohaveapositive(积极的)attitudetolife.Judgethefollowingstatementstrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.51.Peterfeltdownrecentlybecausehethoughthislifewasmeaningless.52.Peterthoughthehadnothingleftexceptfreedom.53.ThethingsthatPeterstillhadwerewrittendownontheleftside.54.ThewisemangavePetersomeadvicedirectly.55.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthatweshouldhaveapositiveattitudetolife.【答案】51.T52.F53.F54.F55.T【解析】短文通过情绪低落的彼得向一位智者求助这件事情，告诉我们一个道理：当你遇到生活中不顺心的事情时，可以换一个角度去思考。事实上，改变你的态度，你就会改变你的世界。积极的生活态度是必要的。【51题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ihavenothingleft,soIdon’twanttolive.”可知，彼得感到很失落，因为他自己一无所有了，也就是他觉得自己的生活没有意义。故选T。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hewassadrecentlybecausehethoughtthathehadnothingleft.”可知，彼得认为自己一无所有，而不是除了自由什么都没有了。故选F。【53题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“thethingsPeterstillhadontherightside”可知，彼得仍然拥有的东西被写在了右边，而不是左边。故选F。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“AfterPeterwasaskedsomemorequestionsinthesameway,hefinallyunderstoodandsmiled.”可知，这位智者是通过询问问题的方式让彼得明白其中的道理，而不是直接给彼得建议。故选F。【55题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’snecessarytohaveapositive(积极的)attitudetolife.”可知，积极的生活态度是有必要的，我们应该有积极的生活态度。故选T。B（2020•黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区中考二模）Awaterbearer(搬运工)inIndiahadtwobuckets(水桶).Onesmallbuckethadacrack(裂缝)andtheotherlargewasperfect.Onealwayscamehomefullandtheotherwasnot.Thiswenton.Thewaterbearercarriedoneandahalfbucketsfullofwatertohisowner'shouse.Thepoorcrackedbucketwasashamedof(羞愧)itself.Onedayitspoketothebearerbytheriver."Iamashamedofmyself,andIwanttosaysorry.""Why?"askedthebearer."Whatareyouashamedof?""Ihavebeenabletoholdonlyhalf.Becauseofmycrack,youhavetodoallthiswork,andyoudon'tgetfullvalueforyourefforts,"saidthebucket.Thebearerfeltsorryandsaid,"Aswereturntotheowner'shouse,Iwantyoutonoticethebeautifulflowersalongtheroad."Astheywentupthehillthecrackedbucketnoticedthebeautifulflowersandthismadeitfeelbetter.Thebearersaid,"Didyounoticethattherewereflowersonlyonyourside,butnotontheotherside?Iplantedflowerseeds(种子)onyourside,andeverydaywhilewetookwatertotheowner'shousefromtheriver,youhavewateredthem."Weareall"crackedbuckets".Butweshouldn'tbeashamed,becausewecanbethecauseofbeauty.Wecanalsofindourgoodpoints.根据短文内容判断正、误。(注意:考生将答题卡相应位置涂黑。正确的涂"A"、错误的涂"B"。)36.AnItalianbearertookwatertohisowner'shouseeveryday.37.Thesmallbucketwasashamedofitself.38.Thewaterfromthecrackedbucketwateredtheflowerseedsonbothsides.39.Thewaterbearerwassocleverthathecouldfindthevalueofthecrackedbucket.40.Thepassagetellsusthatweareallcrackedbuckets.【答案】36.B37.A38.B39.A40.A

【解析】本文是一则小故事，讲述了一个有裂缝的水桶为自己每次只能装回半桶水感到羞