外语外贸考研真题888英语写作与翻译

外语外贸大学2004年入学考试英语语言文学及外国语言学与应用语言写作与翻译试题PartOneWritingTask1:SummaryWriting(40%)Readcarefullythefollowingpassageandsummarizeitscontentsin150－200words.Notethatyoumustnotcopycompletesentencesdirectlyfromtheoriginal.Failuretodosowouldincurdeductionofyourscores.Plato-whomayhaveunderstoodbetterwhatformsthemindofmanthandosomeofourcontemporarieswhowanttheirchildrenexposedonlyto"real"peopleandeverydayevents-knewwhatinlectualexperiencesmakefortreehumanity.Hesuggestedthatthefuturecitizensofhisidealrepublicbegintheirliteraryeducationwiththelingofmyths,ratherthanwithmerefactsorso-calledrationalteachings.EvenAristotle,masterofpurereason,said,"Thefriendofwisdomisalsoafriendofmyth."Modemthinkerswhohavestudiedmythsandfairytalesfromaphilosophicalorpsychologicalviewpointarriveatthesameconclusion,regardlessoftheiroriginalpersuasion.MirceaEliade,forone,describesthesestoriesas"models~forhumanbehavior[that],,:bythatveryfact,give.meaningandvaluetolife."Drawingonanthropologicalparallels,heandotherssuggestthatmythsandfairytaleswerederivedfrom,orgivesymbolicexpressionto,initiationritesorritesofpassage-suchasmetaphoricdeathofanold,inadequateselfinordertoberebornonahigherplaneofexistence.Hefeelsthatthisiswhythesetalesmeetastronglyfeltneedandarecardersofsuchdeepmeaning.Otherinvestigatorswithadepth-psychologicalorientationemphasizethesimilaritiesbetweenthefantasticeventsinmythsandfairytalesandthoseinadultdreamsanddaydreams-thefulfillmentofwishes,thewinningoutoverallcompetitors,thedestructionofenemies-andconcludethatoneattractionofthisliteratureisitsexpressionofthatwhichisnormallypreventedfromcomingtoawareness.Thereare,ofcourse,verysignificantdifferencesbetweenfairytalesanddreams.Forexample,indreamsmoreoftenthannotthewishfulfillmentisdisguised,whileinfairytalesmuchofitisopenlyexpressed.Toaconsiderabledegree,dreamsaretheresultofinnerpressureswhichhavefoundnorelief,ofproblemswhichbeseta towhichheknowsnosolutionandtowhichthedreamfindsnone.Thefairytaledoestheopposite:itprojectsthereliefofallpressuresandnotonlyofferswaystosolveproblemsbutpromisesthata"happy"solutionwillbefound.Wecannotcontrolwhatgoesoninourdreams.Althoughourinnercensorshipinfluenceswhatwemaydream,suchcontroloccursonanunconsciouslevel.Thefairytale,ontheotherhand,isverymuchtheresultofcommonconsciousandunconsciouscontenthavingbeenshapedbytheconsciousmind,notofoneparticular ,buttheconsensusofmanyinregardtowhattheyviewasuniversalhumanproblems,andwhattheyacceptasdesirablesolutions.Ifalltheseelementswerenotpresentinafairytale,itwouldnotberetoldbygenerationaftergeneration.Onlyifafairytalemettheconsciousandunconsciousrequirementsofmanypeoplewasitrepeatedlyretold,listenedtowithgreatinterest.Nodreamofa couldarousesuchpersistentinterestunlessitwasworkedintoamyth,aswasthestoryofthepharaoh'sdreamasinterpretedbyJosephintheBible.GreatthinkerslikePlatoandAristotlesharedthesameideathatmythshouldenjoyasuperiorstatusineducation.Evenmodernthinkerstocertainextendagreewiththatideaastheyreachedaconclusionthatmythpartlyreflectedandsatisfiedtheinnerdesiresofhumanbeings.Thosefantasticeventsinmythsresemblelikelinesstoourdreamsordaydreams.Stilldifferencesexist.Suchasdreamreflectssocialpressurewefaced,butitoffersnosolution.Onthecontrary,mythgoestheoppositeway.Unlikedreams,Mythsarethesymbolicprojectionsofapeople’shope,values,fearsandaspirations.Andanymythisclassic.Task2:EssayWriting(60%)InrecentyearsChinahaswitnessedadrasticincreaseintheannualenrollmentofuniversitystudents.WhilesomehailitasanachievementofhistoricalsignificancethatmarksthebeginningofpopularizingChina'seducationofhigherlearning,othersdismissitasnothingbutaneducational"greatleapforward"thatwilldomoreharmthangoodtothequalityofcollegeeducationinChina.Writeanessayof500-600wordsunequivocallyexpressingyourstandonthisissue.Whateverpositionyoutake,,makesuretojustifyyourdecision.GiveatitletoyourInChinaasayinggoeslikethis:Ittakestenyearsforatreetogrowtoitsfullheight,butahundredforqualified neltomature.Fromthissentencewecaninferthehighstatusofeducationinourcountry.InrecentyearsChinahaswitnessedadrasticincreaseintheannualenrollmentofuniversitystudents.Theexistenceofthisphenomenonshouldbeduetothefollowingreasons.First,thenumberofcollegestudentsonlytakesasmallshareinthewholepopulation.Astimerequires,weneedmoreeducatedcitizenstotakepartintheconstructionofChina.Thecurrentcollegestudentsarefarfromenough.Second,comparedwithotherpowers,likeBritainandAmerica,Chinahasmuchlesscollegestudents.Thissituationdoesn’tfitChina’simageasabigpower.Asaresult,adrasticincreaseintheannualenrollmentofuniversitystudentsemergedasthetimerequires.Aroundtheissueofenrollmentincrease,people’sreactionsaredifferent.Theycanroughlybecategorizedintotwogroups:advocatorsandopponents.Somestressthesignificanceofthismove,whileothersemphasizetheirworryaboutthequalificationofcollegeeducation.Bothsideshavetheirreasons.Whileinmyopinion,theincreaseofenrollmentisinevitable,butwecan’tbehastyinngit.Firstofall,asImentionedabove,theincreaseofenrollmentistherequirementofChina’sdevelopment.Weneedmoreworkers,moreengineers,morebusinessmen,etc.Andtheincreasewouldofferwhatweneedinacomparativelyshorttime.Theadvantageofitcannotbeneglected.Ontheotherhand,somanystudentsrushedintouniversitywoulddirectlycausetheinadequacyofhardwareaswellassoftwareoftheuniversity.Forexample,inEnglishdepartment,aclassusedhavelessthantwentystudents.Butnowasmallclassroomisjammedwithmorethan40people.Andthismeansmorestudentshavetosharelimitedresources.Thequalityofeducationmightbelargelyinfluenced.Sofromthispoint,people’sworryisnotgroundless.Inaddition,tomodatesomanyfreshmen,universityhastoinvestmuchmoremoneyinreformingthecurrentdormsandbuildnewones.Universitywouldthenchargestudentsmoretuition.directlyaddsmoreburdenontheirThenhowtosolvethisproblem?I allythinkweshouldlimittheincreaseofenrollmenttominimizethenegativeeffects.Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.It’salongandhardprocesstodevelopeducation.Soweshouldfulfilltheaimstepbystep.Thuswecanbuildawin-winsituation.PartTwoTranslation1.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoCaughtbetweentwoeternities—thevanishedpastandtheunknownfuture—humanbeingsneverceasetoseektheirbearingsandsenseofdirection.Weinheritourlegacyofthesciencesandthearts—theworksofthegreatdiscoverersandcreators,theColumbusesandLeonardos—butweallremainseekers.Manistheaskinganimal…Westernculturehaswitnessedatleastthreegrandhistoricalepochsofseeking—eachwithadominantspirit,enduringspokesmenanddistinctiveproblems.Wehavegonefrom“Why?”tothe“How?”,fromthesearchforpurposetothesearchforcauses.Firstwastheheroicwayofprophetsandphilosophersseekinganswers—salvationortruth—fromtheGodaboveorthereasonwithineachofus.Thencameanageofcommunalseeking,pursuingcivilizationintheliberalspirit.Andmostrecentlytherewastheageofthesocialsciences,inwhichmanwasruledbytheforcesofhistory.Wecandrawonallthesewaysofseekinginour alsearchforpurpose,tofindmeaningintheseeking.和的问题。我们走出了“为什么”的框框，转而探索事情的缘由。首先是先哲们向上帝或我们内在的理性寻求答案—救赎还是真理，的时期。紧接着是共同里，人受到历史力量的支配。我们可以利用这些探索寻求自我探索的目的和意义1．Translatethefollowingpassageinto500座教堂，是一个“国中之国”!我进去看了，只记得门警是兵士，穿着黄色，别的没有印象一地关于这些地方的描写，由于时代和的不同，使我看到了那些地方的许多其他的侧面，也扩大了我的知识。我应该说一地这本回忆童年和旅游的散子，不但ReviveanoldItalyismyfavoriteEuropeancountry.Rome,acitybuiltonsevenhills,boastsof500churches,bigandsmall,nearlyinallofwhichIhavesetfo