2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练含答案

2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（二）（A）Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,butisiteverfunwhenyou'reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneofthosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereIgo,muchasothertravelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore—whetherit'sasupermarketoratinyshop一isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirownmeals.Thisofferscluesintotheirlifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagriculturalandcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandvegetables,theseafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!Beingtheenvironmentalnerd（呆子）Iam,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,forexample,hasahabitofrequiringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplasticforweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.InBrazil,everythingisprepackagedinalayerofplastic.Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,andsometimesaskquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.IhadafurtherdiscussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagofcrunchy（松脆的）mixtobuy.Heinsistedthattheonelabeled“spicy”wouldbetoohotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.HelaughedandweendeduptalkingaboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfortenminutes.It'sinterestingthentoehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystorethroughneweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefooddisplayssayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeybenefitofvisitingforeigngrocerystores?Learningtocookforeigndishes.Makingfriendswithlocalpeople.C.Buyingcheaperfoodandsouvenirs.D.Knowinglocalpeopleandthecountry.Whatdoestheauthorshowbymentioningsomecountriesinparagraph3?A.People'sspeciallifestyles.B.People'sshoppinghabits.C.People'senvironmentalawareness.D.People'spackagingmethods.Whatcanwcinferfromparagraph4?SriLankansknowalotaboutfood.Grocerystoresaregoodsocialplaces.Grocerystoresvaryindifferentcountries.SriLankansliketogivestrangerssuggestions.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)Lifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2O5O.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannels\villhavcv<mishcdby2050.Instead,pcoplcwillchooscaprogrammcfroma^mcnu^andaputcrwinsendtheprogrammedirectIytothetelevision.By2050,music,films,programmes,newspapersandbookswilletousinthesimilarway.Inmanyplaces,agricultureisdevelopingquicklyandpeoplearegrowingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesalotofwater.Therefbre,therecouldbeseriousshortagesofwater.Somescientistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseofwarsifwedon'tactnow.Inthefuture,carswilhunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywiHgoveryfast.Carswillhaveputerstocontrolthespeedandtherewon'tbeanyaccidents.Today,manycarshaveputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,theputerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Also,by2050,spaceplaneswillflypeoplefromLosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.Somebigpaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgoonstrike,andwork24hoursaday.Theyarealsoeasytoconlrol.Andtheyneverarguewithpeople.Theycanbeeasilyusedinavarietyofplaces-factories,schools,offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.Scientistswillhavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Scientistshavealreadyproduccdclonesofanimals.By2050,scientistswillbcablctoproducccloncsofpcoplcanddccidchowthcylookandhowthcybchavc.Scicntistswillbcabletodothesethings,butshouldthey?LWhichofthefbllowingbestexplains"vanished^underlinedinParagraph1?ASettled.B.Disappeared.C.Decreased.D.Spread..WhatdoesParagraph4intendtoshow?Robotshavemanyadvantages.Robotshavemuchtobeimproved.Robotsworkforhumansforfree.Robotscanworkindifferentplaces..Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?AHeislookingforwardtousingcloninglechnology.BHeprobablydisagreeswilhtheideaofhumancloning.CThescicntistshavcalrcadydiscovcrcdhowtocontrolgcncs.DThescientistswillfacemanydifficultiesofcontrollinggenes..Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?High-techCarsIsCloningReallyGood?LifeintheFutureAreYouReadyfortheFuture?(C)ThescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyinginAustralia'snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodofabout6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfisharrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearrivingfishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffishreturntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupporttheoceanenvironmentandsealife.''Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryiftheyhavehealthyfishpopulation/'thescientistswroteinthereport.SteveSimpsonsaidthat“healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces."Theycontainthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfishlistenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs“beeghostlyquiet“whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedtohuman-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthatdriveshrimpandfishaway.MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirststeptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth."Recoveryisundeioinnedbyfishthatcleanthereefandcreatespacefbrcoralstoregrow,vhesaid.TimGordonsayshebelievessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajordestructioninoceansacrosstheworld.UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsareapromisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalmunitylevel.Buthenotedthatotherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollutionandoverfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovationstointernationalpoliticalaction,weneedmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?TostudyIhepopulationoffish.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bylistingsomespecificdata.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned”inPara.4mean?A.DestroyedB.AffectedC.SupportedD.Attacked.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.(D)Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismothertookhimtothedoctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossibletreatmentsfailed,doctorsremovedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.Buibythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.ThismethodenabledBentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parkedcars,garbagecans,andsoon.Hewasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoffobjectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthereflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhissurroundings.Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatforahuman,butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwrittenaboutsinceatleastthe1940s,whentheword"echolocation"wasfirstinventedinasciencearticletitledEcholocationbyBlindMen,Bats,andRadar”Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthesurroundingswithone'sears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.InBenscase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.Ben'ssuper-hearingprovesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainareaaparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.HowdidBen"see"afterhehadhiseyesremoved?

Byusingawalkingstick.C.Byinventinganewsystem.Byusingawalkingstick.C.Byinventinganewsystem.Byaskingothersforhelp.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fbat"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Skill.B.Task.C.Scnse.D.Invention.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?Helaughsbestwholaughslast.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.Manbeeslearnedbyaskingquestions.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.（E）Remotetechnologieswillplayanincreasingly-vitalroleindrivingtheeducationindustry,astheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病）forcedtheworldtogoremote,accordingtoanindustryinsider.“Remotetechnologyiscontinuingtoempower（授权）onlineeducation,withlargemigrationsonline.Withthecontinuousapplicationofnewtechnologymethodssuchasbigdataandartificialintelligence,students*learningouteshavebeensignificantlyimproved,“saidWangYan,chiefarchitectureofficeratZuoyebang（作业帮）.^Technologyandoutesaretwomajorchallengesthatpaniesfacewhentheytransformfromofflinetoonline.Theeducationindustryisfacingthelargesttrafficchallengeever,“Wangsaid.Toupgradetheinfrastructure（基础设施）,Zuoyebanghascontinuedtoupgradeitstechnology,changingfromitsoriginalsinglecloudservicetomultiplecloudservicesandfrommostlyusingthird-partylivebroadcastsystemstonowrelyingonanindependentsystem.“Foronlineclasses,onlylive-streamingcanachievearealinteracting（交互式的）effect,whichcangetbothstudentsandteachersmoreinvolved.Itisimpossibletoachievesuchoutesthroughrecordedandbroadcastlessons,^headded.TheBeijing-basedpanydevelopedapletesetoflive-streamingarchitecturebasedontheZRTCagreement.Itcanfullysupportclasses,includingone-on-onetutoringandsix-to-sixsmallinteractiveclasses.InthefiveweeksfromFebruary3toMarch9lastyear,Zuoycbanghashelped275teachersbring1,832classestomorethan33millionprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.Whichtechniqueismostbeneficialtostudentswhohaveonlineclasses?A.broadcastlessonsB.live-streamingC.face-to-facelessonsD.recordedlessonsItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.Remotetechnologyisakeydriverforeducation.Thepanyhasupgradeditstechnologytoovereitschallenge.Thepanythathaslivestreamingarchitecturecanonlysupportclassicalbigclassesteaching.Zuoyebanghashelpedthousandsofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentstohaveonlineclasses.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsRemotetechnologies?A.WorriedB.NegativeC.OpposedD.Confident参考答案：(A)：DCBC(B)：BABC(C)：CBCA(D)1o根据第二段中“Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.(但在他七岁的时候，他已经发展出了一种感受周围世界的技术：他用嘴发出咔哒咔哒的声音，听着声音的I可音)”可知，Ben的眼睛被摘除后，他通过问声定位周围环境。故选D。2o根据画线词后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid”可知，回声定位对人类来说可能听起来是一项不太可能的技能，但成千上万的盲人已经完善了这项技能,就像Ben一样。由此推知,画线词意思是“技能”。A.S皿1.技能;B.Task.任务;C.Sense.感觉；D.Invention.发明。故选A。3。根据第一段的“ForBen,visionwasgoneforeverv（对于Ben来说视觉永远失去了）和最后,段中“InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexforprocessingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.（在Ben的例子中，他大脑的灵活线路改变了他的视觉皮层处理声音的功能。结果，Ben有了更多的神经元可用来处理听到的信息，这种增强的处理能力使Ben能够以惊人的细节解释声波）”可知，Ben虽然失去了视力，但发展出了回声定位的技能，所以他的故事告诉我们''天无绝人之路”的道理。故选C。4o根据倒数第二段"MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilitytoreset,whichallowsfbrlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelop