2023年上海高考英语崇明区二模卷

PAGE高三英语共8页第8页崇明区2023届第二次高考模拟考试试卷英语〔考试时间120分钟，总分值140分。请将答案填写在答题纸上〕II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,

useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DeliveringFoodbyDroneASingaporerestaurantplanstousedrones(遥控飞机)totransportfoodanddrinksfromthekitchentoawaitstationnearcustomers’tables.InfiniumRobotics,theSingaporecompanythat’sdevelopingthedronesforrestaurantchainTimbre,hasspentthepasttwoweekstestingthetechnologyattherestaurantbeforeitopenseachnight21businessandhopestohaveitinplacebytheendoftheyear.Buthowdoesthedroneknowwheretohover(盘旋)?Whatifsomeonebumpsintothedroneorisstandinginitsway?“There’snochanceatall22itwillhitanything,〞saysInfiniumRoboticschiefexecutiveJunyangWoon.Thedronesautomaticallychargewhile23(wait)inthekitchen.24thechefputsanorderonthedrone,hehitsabuttononakeypadandthedroneautomaticallyfliestooneoftwowaitstations.Sense-and-avoidtechnology25(build)intothedronewon’tallowittolandatthewaitstationifanythingisinitsway.Thedronesareequippedwithsonar(声纳系统)andaninfraredsensor(红外线传感器),too.Awaiterthenremovesthefoodordrinkfromthedroneandhitsabutton26sendsitbacktothekitchen.Thedrones,weighingalittleoverfivepounds,27carryjustoverfourpoundsoffood.InfiniumRoboticsisworkingonamodelthatwillcarrytwiceas28(much)food.“Itsjobistohelpthewaiterstoreducesomeoftheirboringtasks,〞Woonsaid.“Iftheylettherobots29(do)thejob,theycanconcentrateoninteractingwithcustomerstobringabouthighercustomersatisfactionanddiningexperience.〞Sinceitdrewrecentmediaattention,Woon30(hear)fromresortsandrestaurantsin10countries,includingtheUnitedStates.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.keepB.marketC.issueD.perspectiveE.relevantF.avoidG.developH.switchI.naturalJ.responsibleK.codeFDAOKsGeneticallyModifiedSalmonforHumanConsumptionTheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)onThursdayapprovedgeneticallymodifiedsalmon(转基因的三文鱼),thefirstsuchalteredanimalallowedforhumanconsumptionintheUnitedStates.Thegovernmenthadtriedto31approvingthefast-growingsalmonformorethanfiveyearsduetoconsumerconcernsabouteatinggeneticallymodifiedfoods.ButtheagencysaidThursdaythefishissafetoeat.Inannouncingtheapproval,theFDAsaidthatthereare“nobiologically32differencesinthenutritionofAquAdvantageSalmoncomparedtothatofotherfarm-raisedAtlanticsalmon.〞AquAdvantageSalmonwascreatedbytheMassachusetts-basedcompanyAquaBounty.RonStotish,thecompany’sCEO,saidinastatementthatthefishisa“gamechangerthatbringshealthyandnutritiousfoodtoconsumersinanenvironmentally33mannerwithoutdamagingtheoceanandothermarinehabitats.〞Thefishgrowstwiceasfastasnormalsalmon,soitreaches34sizemorequickly.Ithasanaddedgrowthhormone(激素)fromthePacificChinooksalmonthatallowsthefishtoproducegrowthhormoneallyearlong.Theengineerswereableto35thehormoneactivebyusinganothergenefromanoceanpout(akindoffish)thatactslikean“on〞36forthehormone.TypicalAtlanticsalmonproducethegrowthhormoneforonlypartoftheyear.Thereisnoevidencethatthefoodswouldbeunsafe,butforsomepeople,it’sanethical(伦理的)37.Somepeoplehavepromisednottosellthesalmon,andit’sstillunclearwhetherthepublicwill38anappetiteforthefishifitisapproved.Geneticengineeringisalreadywidelyusedforcrops,butthegovernmentuntilnowhasnotconsideredallowingtheconsumptionofmodifiedanimals.Althoughthepotentialbenefitsandprofitsarehuge,manypeoplehavedoubtsaboutcontrollingthegenetic39ofotherlivingcreatures.Criticsworrythatitcouldcausehumanallergies(过敏)andtheeventualextinctionofthe40salmonpopulationifitescapesandbreedsinthewild.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.MoreParentsShiftingCareerstoAchieveWork-lifeBalanceAsatelevisionnewshost,CynthiaDemos’schedulemadeherhomelifeachallenge.Workingnightsandweekendsmeantsherarelyputher3-year-oldsonand5-year-olddaughtertobed,orspentSaturdaysatthepark.So,threeyearsago,Demosbegantestingthewaterstoseeifoperatingherownbusinessmakingmarketingvideoswouldcreateanoptionformore41time.Lastmonth,Demostookaleap.Insteadofrenegotiatingher42,sheleftherjobtotakeherventuretothenextlevel—buildingherownvideoproduction/mediatrainingcompany.It’sacareershiftonapathtowork-lifebalancethatmore43aremaking.Newresearchshowsthetopreasonwhypeopleleavetheirjobsisto44opportunitieswithabetterwork-lifebalance.Thosewhomakethe45saytherealmostalwaysisamaincause,eitherwork-orhome-related.Itcouldbealife-changingeventlikethebirthofachild,oritcouldbeanewdemandingboss,changeinjobresponsibilities,ortoomanymissedmilestoneevents.Itmightevenbeamore46joboffer.ForDenieHarris,themaincausewastheattractionofabetter47situationforamomwithyoungdaughters.HarrishadbeenmarketingdirectorfortwocompaniesinSouthFloridawhenanopportunitycameherwaytoholdasimilarpositionatherdaughters’school.Itwasadecisionthatrequired48allfactors.Theupsideincludedseeingherchildrenduringtheworkdayandsharingthesame49withthem.Thedownsidewasleavingthecorporateworldandearningless.“Everythinginlifeisagive-and-take,〞Harrissays.“Foramom,workingatyourchildren’sschoolisthebestpossibleplacetobe.〞Inthe50toachievework-lifebalance,workingmothershavingbeen“quitting〞jobsformorethanadecade,choosingtostayathomewiththeirchildrenwhen51possible.Buttoday,bothmenandwomenaremakingjobchanges,choosingworkoptionsthatbetterfittheir52lifestyle.Theshiftoftenmeansseriousconsiderationof53,includingsalary,advancementandfulfillment.DougBartel,wholefthisjobasaTVnewsproducermorethanadecadeago,saysthatwhatworkingfathersoftenlookforispredictabilityandcontrolovertheirschedules.Theyarestartingtheirownlawfirmsorbecomingself-employedconsultantstogainthat54.Bigsalariesaren’tnecessarilythegoldenhandcuffs(手铐)theyusedtobe.Withthetraditional40-hourworkweekbecomingoutofdate,asurveyofnearly9,700full-timeworkersbytheglobalfirmofErnst&Youngfoundthatmostparentsarewillingtomake55andfinancialconcessions(让步)forwork-lifebalance.41.A.balance B.business C.family D.entertainment42.A.issue B.contract C.future D.contribution43.A.employers B.employees C.children D.parents44.A.giveup B.seekout C.acton D.substitutefor45.A.change B.mistake C.difference D.effort46.A.budget-friendly B.female-friendly C.family-friendly D.business-friendly47.A.work B.living C.security D.education48.A.identifying B.understanding C.describing D.weighing49.A.idea B.feeling C.value D.schedule50.A.struggle B.permission C.decision D.ability51.A.physically B.medically C.financially D.logically52.A.past B.desired C.interesting D.modern53.A.jobs B.hobbies C.sacrifices D.partners54.A.power B.support C.skill D.control55.A.identity B.career C.mental D.considerateSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.〔A〕AtfirstglanceEstherOkadeseemslikeanormal10-year-old.ShelovesdressingupasElsafrom“Frozen〞,playingwithBarbiedollsandgoingtotheparkorshopping.ButwhatmakestheBritish-Nigerianyoungsterstandoutisthefactthatshe’salsoauniversitystudent.Esther,fromWalsall,anindustrialtownintheUK’sWestMidlandsregion,isoneofthecountry’syoungestcollegefreshmen.Thetalented10-year-oldenrolledattheOpenUniversityinJanuaryandisalreadytopoftheclass,havingrecentlyscored100%inanexam.“It’ssointerestingandsupereasy,〞shelaughs.“Mymumtaughtmeinaniceway.〞Sheadds:“Iwanttofinishthecourseintwoyears.ThenI’mgoingtodomyPhDinfinancialmathswhenI’m13.IwanttohavemyownbankbythetimeI’m15becauseIlikenumbersandIlikepeopleandbankingisagreatwaytohelppeople.〞Andincasepeoplethinkherparentshavepushedherintostartinguniversityearly,Estherdisagrees.“IactuallywantedtostartwhenIwasseven.Butmymumdidn’tagree.〞Afterthreeyearsofbegging,MotherEfefinallyagreedtoexploretheidea.Estherhasalwaysjumpedaheadofherpeers.Hermothernoticedherdaughter’sgiftforfiguresshortlyaftershebeganhomeschoolingherattheageofthree.Initially,Esther’sparentshadenrolledherinaprivateschoolbutafterafewshortweeks,theusually-energeticyoungsterrefusedtogobacktothatschoolbecausetheteachersdidn’tlethertalkinclass.IntheUK,educationisnotcompulsoryuntilfive,soEfestartedtodolittlethingsathomebyteachingbasicnumberskillsbutEstherwasmilesahead.Byfour,hernaturaltalentformathshadseentheeagerstudentmoveontoalgebra(代数学)andquadraticequations(二次方程式).AndEstherisn’ttheonlymathsmiracleinthefamily.HeryoungerbrotherIsaiah,6,willsoonbesittinghisfirstA-levelexaminJune.56.WhichofthefollowingmakesEstherOkadedifferentfromhernormalpeers?A.SheistheyoungestcollegestudentintheUK.B.Shegoestouniversityatamuchearlierage.C.Sheoftengetsfullmarksinmathsexams.D.Shelovesactingasauniversitystudent.57.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat_____.A.EstherthinksherparentsexpecttoomuchofherB.EsthercannotadaptherselfwelltocollegelifeC.EstheraskedtogotouniversityevenearlierD.Estherdislikesbeingtaughtathome58.WhatmightbeamainfactorthathasledtoEsther’sbeingamathsgenius?A.Thegenefromherfamily. B.Hercourseintheuniversity.C.Thecriticismfromherteachers. D.Hermother’shomeschooling.59.Esthercanbedescribedasagirlwho_____.A.isambitiousandhasacleargoal B.iscreativeandlovesexploringtheunknownC.isrebelliousbutreadytohelpothers D.isenergeticbutreluctanttochallengeherself〔B〕5reasonstosubscribeAccessourentiredatabaseofover9,000high-qualityresources.Findnewmaterialsaddedeveryweek.5reasonstosubscribeAccessourentiredatabaseofover9,000high-qualityresources.Findnewmaterialsaddedeveryweek.Benefitfromawiderangeofresources,whetheryouteachBusinessEnglish,YoungLearners,ExamsorCLIL.Savetime:organizeresourcesandplanyourlessonswithourexclusiveLearningCalendar.Don’tstress:letourarticlesandtipssolveallyourteachingproblems.NEWUSERSRegisterwithonestopenglishtodayforafree30-daysubscriptiongivingyoufullaccesstoallteachingresourcesonthesite.Subscribingtoonestopenglishonlytakesafewmomentsandisgreatvalueat£42forayear’sindividualmembership.IndividualsubscriptionscanalsobeboughtinEuros(€53)andUSDollars($68).Subscribingtoonestopenglishonlytakesafewmomentsandisgreatvalueat£42forayear’sindividualmembership.IndividualsubscriptionscanalsobeboughtinEuros(€53)andUSDollars($68).Wanttoknowmore?SubscribenowSubscribenowYoucanorderaninstitutionalsubscriptioninafeweasysteps:startbyusingourcalculatortoseehowmuchyoucouldsave.Whenyou’vefoundtheperfectpackage,justclickon‘Completeyourorder’andenteryourdetailstoorderthesubscription.Ifyou'dliketoknowmore,youcanYoucanorderaninstitutionalsubscriptioninafeweasysteps:startbyusingourcalculatortoseehowmuchyoucouldsave.Whenyou’vefoundtheperfectpackage,justclickon‘Completeyourorder’andenteryourdetailstoorderthesubscription.Ifyou'dliketoknowmore,youcanfindoutallaboutourcontenthere.SubscribenowSubscribenowChooseyourpackageChooseyourpackage60.Theabovewebsiteismainlydesignedfor_____.A.children B.teenagers C.teachers D.businessmen61.Itcanbeinferredthatthewebsiteismostprobablyinitiatedin_____.A.America B.Britain C.Australia D.Canada62.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothewebsite?A.Thewebsiteiscomposedoftwelvemainsections.B.Individualsandinstitutionspaythesamepriceforasubscription.C.WecanaccessthewebsitebyvariousmeansexceptonFacebook.D.Resourcescanbegainedfreeforaboutonemonthafterregistration.〔C〕UnlessyouarelikeNastyGal’sfounderSophiaAmoruso,thepasswordsyouusetoaccessyouremailandtheendlessotheraccountsyouneedforworkaren’tfilledwithintention.Withincreasingsecurityrequirements,it’slikelyyourword/numbercombinationsarebecomingevenlessmemorable.Butnewresearchsuggestsitmaynotbelongbeforeyouwon’tneedtomemorizepasswords.“Brainprint〞,publishedinNeurocomputing,revealsthatthebrain’sreactiontocertainwordscouldbeauniqueidentifyingcode—likeafingerprint—thatcouldeventuallyreplacepasswords.Inasmallexperiment,theresearchersmeasuredthebrains’signalsof45volunteersastheyreadthroughalistof75acronymssuchasFBIandDVD.Theword-recognitionresponsedifferedsomuchbetweeneachparticipantthatasecondexperimentusingacomputerprogramcouldidentifyeachonewith94%accuracy.It’snotenoughtofeeltotallysecure,butpromisingenoughtohintatthefutureofsecuringsensitiveinformation.Theadvantageofusingsuchabiometricsystem(生物识别系统)isthatitcanbeusedforcontinuousverification(验证),NewScientistpointsout.Passwordsorfingerprintsonlyprovideatoolforone-offidentification.Continuousverificationcouldintheoryallowsomeonetointeractwithmanycomputersystemsatthesametimeorevenwithavarietyofintelligentobjects,withouthavingtorepeatedlyenterpasswordsforeachdevice.AsHollywoodhasillustrated,it’ssimplyamatterofcuttingoffafingertostealthatperson’sidentity.“Brainprints,ontheotherhand,arepotentiallycancellable,〞saidSarahLaszlo,assistantprofessorofpsychologyandlinguisticsatBinghamtonUniversityandco-authorofthestudy,“So,intheunlikelyeventthatattackerswereactuallyabletostealabrainprintfromanauthorizeduser,theauthorizedusercouldthen‘reset’theirbrainprint.〞Untilnow,brainsignalshavebeenachallengetounderstand.Thisexperimentleapedovertheobstaclebyfocusingonthebrainwavesfromthespecificareathatreadsandrecognizeswords.Thesignalisthereforeclearerandeasiertomeasure.Theproblem,sofar,isthatthebrainsignalisstillnotasaccurateasscanningsomeone’sfingerprint,andinitiallyrequiresstickingdiodes(二极管)onyourheadinordertogetaread.That’sok,accordingtoZhanpengJin,assistantprofessoratBinghamtonUniversityandcoauthorofthestudy,becausebrainprintisn’tgoingtobemass-producedanytimesoon.HesaystheresearchersforeseeitsuseatplacessuchasthePentagon,wherethenumberofauthorizedusersissmall,andtheydon’tneedtobecontinuouslyverifiedthewayyoudotoaccessyourmobiledeviceoremail.Betterkeepyourmemorysharp,atleastalittlewhilelonger.63.Inparagraph5,“one-offidentification〞referstotheidentificationthat_____.A.happensaspartofaregularseries B.interactswithintelligentobjectsC.canbeverifiedcontinuously D.needsrepeatedverification64.AccordingtoSarahLaszlo,_____.A.fingerprintscanbecanceledoncestolen B.brainprintsaretheft-proofandresettableC.attackerscanstealandreplacebrainprints D.usershavetheauthoritytocancelbrainprints65.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.A.brainprintswillsharpenusers’memory B.brainprintswillbecomeeasiertobemeasuredC.brainprintswillreceivenarrowapplication D.brainprintswilleventuallyreplacefingerprints66.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Brainprints:ANewWaytoReplacePasswordsB.Brainprints:AUniqueDevicetoIdentifyCodesC.Brainprints:AQuickerWaytoAccessYourEmailD.Brainprints:ASecurerDevicetoIdentifyBrainSignalsSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Finally,ithastakenagiantleapforward.B.Allofthefactorspushingonlineeducationtowardthemainstreamofhighereducationarenowcrashingtogether.C.Overthepastfewyears,hehasbeenteachinghimselfprogramming.D.Inotherwords,Coursera’sapproachisalongwayfromasimpleonlinevideolecture.E.Yetthemostexcitingpromiseoftheircompanyandthelikeistheroletheymightplayinimprovingeducationforthepooraroundtheworld.F.Ng’scourseinmachinelearningattracted104,000enrolleesaroundtheworld.ASchoolThatCanEducateUsAllChristosPorios,16,livesinasmallGreekcity.“Mymother’sateacherandmyfather’samechanic,〞heexplains,addingthatneitherisknowledgeableaboutcomputers—especiallycomparedwithhim.67PorioswastakingafreeclassinmachinelearningofferedbyAndrewNg,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,overanonlineplatformNgdevelopedwithhiscolleagues.Drawingonwhathelearned,PorioswasabletoparticipateintheInternationalSpaceAppsChallenge,avirtualhackathon(编程马拉松)usingdatafromNASAandothergovernmentagencies.Ifoneteenagerinonesmallcitycanbecomeageniushackerthroughanonlinecourse,doesit68Anumberofonlineeducationplatformshaveappeared,featuringprofessorsfromtopuniversitiesofferingfreecourses.69Ngwasamazed.“Itwouldtakeme250yearstoteachthismanypeopleatStanford,〞hesays.Andso,justonemonthintothecourse,NgandhisStanfordcolleague,DaphneKoller,decidedtoleavetheirfacultyposts(教职)anddiveintoonlineteachingfull-time.InApril,theylaunchedtheircompany,Coursera,witha$16millionroundofventurefunding.Sofar,ithasmanagedtoteamupwith35collegesinninecountries.ToNgandKoller,Coursera’smissionissimpleandyetgrand.Thatistoteachmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldforfree,whilealsotransforminghighereducation.AccordingtoNg,theworld’stop20universitiesenrollonlyabout200,000students.Therearemillionmorewhocouldparticipateinclassworkatthehigherlevel,butmostofthemarefarfromanyoftheleadinguniversities.70KollersaysCoursera’stotalregistrationhashit15million.Porios,theyoungGreek,isonlyoneofthoseregistrants.HishopeistostudyinGermanyorEnglandsomeday.HeiseventoyingwiththeideaoftakingclassesatMITorStanford—butthistimeinperson.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:

Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

FunOfficesMakeWorkersHappier?Inordertomaketheiremplo