2023年职称英语等级考试试题题解综合类B级题

第1部分：词汇选项

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给旳4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近旳词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。

1

itisobviousthathewillwinthegame．

alikely

bpossible

c

cleardprobable2theearthmovesaroundthesun．

abefore

b

round

c

afterd

over

3didanyonecallwhenlwasout?

a

everyone

c

nobody

b

someone

danybody

4

ittookusalongtimetomendthehouse．

a

build

bdestroy

cdesign

d

repair

5idon’tquitefollowwhatsheissaying．

a

observe

b

understand

cexplain

ddescribe

6wecannolongertoleratehisactions．

aputupwith

b

accept

ctake

d

receive

7loudnoisescanbeirritating．

a

hateful

bpainful

cstimulating

d

annoying

8

inthebackgroundwasthateternalhum

along

b

never-ending

cboring

d

extensive

9theconstitution’svaguenaturehasgivenittheflexibilitytobeadaptedwhencircumstanceschange

aimprecise

b

apparent

cclear

deasy

10gamblingislawfulinnevada．

aenjoyable

b

irresistible

clegaldprofitable

11thesearethemotivesfordoingit

a

reasons

b

excuses

canswersd

replies

12theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest

a

extends

b

stretches

c

broadensd

bends

13

manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics．

aerror

bpuzzle

c

attractiond

contradiction

14withimmensereliefistoppedrunning．

ano

b

little

c

scarced

enormous

15agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation

a

maintain

b

improve

cpreserve

dprotect第2部分：阅读判断

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断。

theysayireland’sthebestirelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2023．accordingtoalifequalityrankingthatappearedinbritain’seconomistmagazinelastweek．theambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheworldisbasedontheprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfactionandwell-being．theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomes,health,unemployment,climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity，genderequalityaswellaswhatthemagazinecalls“freedom，familyandcommunity1ife”despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice，trafficcongestion(拥挤)，genderinequalityandthehighcostofliving．irelandscoredanimpressive8．33pointsout0f10．thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeswitzerland．whichmanaged8．07．zimbabwe．troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest(最差旳)，pickinguponly3．89points．

“althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighlyvalued．”thereportsaid，"someofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernizationsuchasthebreakdown(瓦解)intraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvaluesinparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact．”

“irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenew

withthepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold，suchasstablefamilyandcommunitylife”themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforwardthingtodo，andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics．

no．2onthe1istisswitzerland．theothernationsinthetop10arenorway．luxembourg．

sweden,australia，iceland，italy,denmarkandspain．

theukispositionedatno．29,amuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseofthesocialand

familybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics．theus，whichhasthesecondhighestpercapita

gdp(人均国内生产总值)afterluxembourg，tookthe13thplaceinthesurveychinawasinthe

lowerhalfoftheleagueat60th16for2，005years，irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein

aright

b

wrong

cnotmentioned

17jobsecurityistheleastimportantmeasureoflifequalitya

right

b

wrong

c

notmentioned

18costoflivinginirelandisprettyhigh

a

right

b

wrong

c

notmentioned

19familylifeinzimbabweisnotstable

a

right

b

wrong

c

notmentioned

20irelandispositionedatno1becauseitcombinesthemostdesirableelementsofthenewwithsomegoodelementsoftheold

a

right

b

wrong

c

notmentioned

2ltomeasurelifequalityiseasy．

a

right

b

wrong

c

notmentioned

22theunitedstatesofamericaisamongthetop10countries．

aright

b

wrong

cnotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个对旳旳小标题；(2)第27~30题规定从所给旳6个选项中选择4个对旳选项，分别完毕每个句子。evenintelligentpeoplecanfail

1thestrikingthingabouttheinnovatorswhosucceededinmakingourmodernworldishow

oftentheyfailed．turnoilalight，takeaphotograph，watchtv,searchtheweb，jetacrossthe

pacificocean．talkonacellphone()．theinnovatorswholeftusthesethingshadtofindthewaytosuccessthroughamaze(错综复杂)ofwrongturns．

2wehavejustcelebratedthe125thanniversaryofamericaninnovatorthomasedison’s

successinheatingnthinlinetowhite，hotheatfor14hoursinhislabinnewjersey，us．hedidthatonoctober22．1879．andfollowedupamonthlaterbykeepingathreadofcommon

cardboardalight(点亮着旳)inanairlessspacefor45hours．threeyearslaterhewentontolight第一篇

twopeople，twopaths

youmustbefamiliarwiththesituation：dad’sdriving，mum’stellinghimwheretogo．he’ssurethattheyneedtoturn1eft．butshesaysit’snotforanothertwoblocks．whohasthebettersenseofdirection?menorwomen?

theybothdo,anewstudysays．butindifferentways．

menandwomen．canadianresearchershavefound，havedifferentmethodsoffindingtheirway．menlookquicklyatlandmarksf地标)andheadoffinwhattheythinkistherightdirectionwomen．however．trytopicturethewholerouteindetailandthenf01lowthepathintheirhead，“womentendtobemoredetailed．”saidedwardcornell，wholedthestudy。“whilementendtobealittlebitfasterand…alittlebitmoreintuitive(直觉感知旳)”infact．saidcornell．“senseofdirection”isn’toneskillbuttwo．

thefirstisthe“surveymethod，’．thisiswhenyouseeanareafromabove，suchasaprinted

mapyoucansee．forexample，wherethehospitalis，wherethechurchisandthatthesupermarketisonitsrightthesecondskillisthe“routemethod”thisiswhenyouuseaseriesofdirections．yonstartfromthehospital．thenturn1eft．turnright，gouphill—andthenyouseethesupermarket．

menaremorelikelytousethesurveymethodwhilewomenaremorelikelytouseoneroute

andfollowdirectionsbothwork．andneitherisbetter

somescientistsinsistthatthesedifferentskillshavealonghistory．theyargueitisbecauseofthedifferenceintraditionalroles．

inancienttimes．youngmenoftenwentfarawaywiththeoldermentofishorhuntthetrip

tookhoursordaysandcoveredunfamiliarplaces．theonlywaytoknowwhereyouwerewasto

usethesurveymethodtorememberlandmarks—themountains．the1akesandsoon．

thewomen，ontheotherhand，tookyounggirlsouttofindfruitsandplants．these

activitiesweremuchclosertohomebutrequiredlearningwell—usedpaths．so，women’ssenseofspacewasbasedonlearningcertainroutes31

whenfindinghiswaydadtendstorelyon

ahisintuitiveknowledge

bhisbookknowledge．

c

mum’sassistance．

dthepolice’sassistance，

32

womenaremorelikelytouse

a

山esurveymethod

bthetraditionalmethod．

ctheroutemethod

dtherightmethod．

33

whichworksbetter．theroutemethodorthesurveymethod?

athesurveymethod

b111eroutemethod．

c

either．

d

neither

34

whichofthefollowingisnotalandmark?

a

alongriver．

b

ahighmountain．

c

amagnificentchurch

d

apathinyourhead

35

womendevelopedasenseofspaceoutoftheneedatogofishing．

btogohunting．

ctolearnwell-usedpaths．

dtogoswimming．

第二篇

dancinginthestreetsifthereisonethingcertaintogetbraziliansontheirfeet，itistheriocarnival(狂欢节)．

heldinriodejaneiro．thecountry’sbiggestcity．thecarnivalbeganonfebruary20whenthemayorgavekeyofthecitytoreimomo—thelordofmisrule(无序之皇)onhisorders，eachyearpeopleturnthecityintoaparadiseofdanceandmusic．thefollowingsixdaysaresofunofparades，streetdancing，fantasticclothesandpartying(聚会)thatmanypeopleforgetabouteatingandsleeping“itwasthepassionofthecarnivalthatattractedmetobrazilandmademesettledowninrio．”saidbobnadkarni．abritishmanwhohaslivedinthecityforseveralyearsformanybrazilians．thecentrepieceofthecarnivalissamba(桑巴舞)，atypicalbraziliandance．everyyear,tensofthousandsofvisitorsandlocalsshowofftheirpassionandenergyiuthestreets．

followingthebeat(节拍)ofthelatinmusic．theclimaxtothisstreetpartyisthefloat(彩车)parade，inwhichfloatsdecoratedwithtonsoffreshflowersbyvarioussambaschoolsandlocalcommunitiesmovethroughthecity．onthetopofeachfloatstandsthecandidateforthedrumqueen，whoischosenattheendoftheparty．

whilemostpeoplearefreetoenjoythecelebrations。rio’spoliceofficershavetokeepaclearhead．followingthemurderofthreeofflcersinagunfightearlylastweek，thebraziliangovernmenthastightenedsecurityinrio．thestreetfighting，robberyandsexcrimesthataccompanythecarnivalareverydifficulttopolice．

carnivalsbeganinancientromeasacelebrationatwhichpeoplefedwildwolves，inhonourofthecity’sfounderwhowassaidtohavebeenraisedbyashe—wolf．brazilgavenewlifetothistraditionandso．despitethetroubles．thecarnivalwillremainasymbolofthecountry’sculture．36accordingtothepassage．duringthecarnivalpeopleinriodidallofthefollowing

except

Adancinginthestreets．

Bputtingoncolorfulclothes

Ceatingalotoffood．

dholdingexcitingparades．

37howlongdoesthecarnivallast?

asixdays．

bawholeweek．

ceightdays

Dthewholeoffebruary

38theword“centerpiece’’inthe3rdparagraphmeans

athemostimportantpart．

bthemiddlepart

cthecentralpartofthecity

dthemostattractivedecoration

39accordingtothepassage，bobnadkamiis

a

abrazilianwhohascomebackfrombritain．

b

abritishmanwhovisitsrioforthecarnival．

cabritishmanwhohascometoliveinbrazil．

dabrazilianwhoisattractedbythecarnival．

whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?

atheearliestcarnivalswereheldinancientrome

bcarnivalswereoriginallyatraditionofthebrazilians

ccarnivalswereoriginallyatraditionoftheromans．

dthebrazilianshaveintegratedtheromancarnivalintotheirculture．第三篇

morethanaridetoschool

thenationaleducationassociationclaims，“thesch001busisamirrorofthecommunity．”

theyfurtheraddthat，unfortunately，whatappearsontheexterior(外部)doesnotalwaysreflect

therealityofachosencommunity．theyareright．andsometimesitreflectsmore!justaskliesl

densonridingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforliesl．

brucehardy,schoolbusdriverfora1thousebuscompanyhasbeenliesl’sbusdriversince

kindergartenlastyearwhenliesl’sfamilymovedtoparkesburg，knowingherbuswentbyher

newresidence，sherequestedtoridethesamebus．

thisyearlieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus．shesays．“itsbeenagreatridesofar!mybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistener．sometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportant．mr．hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant．”herfriendsashleybatistaandamandawolfeagreebmcehardyhasbeenmakingoctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975．thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforalthousebusransportation．companypresident，larryalthouseacknowledgesbrucehardy’soutstandingrecord．“yondonotcomebyemployeeslikebrucethesedays；hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord．recognizedin2023bythepennsylvaniaschoolbusassociationfordriving350，000accidentfreemiles，hardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus．”

althousefurtheradded．“althousebustransportationwasestablished70yearsagoandhas

beenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince．mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithone

busa1thousebustransportationisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveand

safeservicetoourlocalsch001andcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome．’’threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed．thankstodriverslike

brucehardy,theyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations．liesl’smothercarol

alsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingbrucehardy’sbustotheoctoraraschooldistrict．

41theword‘‘mirror”inthefirstlinecouldbebestreplacedby

a

“vehicle”

b

‘‘device”

c

“company”

d

“reflection”．

42howlonghasbrucehardybeenworkingforalthousebustransportation?

a

for30years．

b

for70years

c

since1astyear．

d

since2023．

43whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueofbrucehardy?

aheisc001．

bheisagoodfriend．

cheisimpatient

dhehasdriven350．000accidentfreemiles．

44whofoundedalthousebustransportation?

alarryalthouse．

b

althouse’sgrandfather．

cliesl’smother．

d

ashleybatista．

45whathasalthousebustransportationbeenmainlyaimingat?

a

makingasmuchmoneyaspossible．

b

buildingupitsfame

cdevelopingitsbusiness．

dprovidingthelocalcommunitywithqualityservice．第5部分：补全短文

阅读下面旳短文，文章中有5处空白，文章背面有6组文字，请根据文章旳内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

everydoghashissaykimikofukudaalwayswonderedwhatherdogwastryingtosay．wheneversheputonmakeup，itwouldpullathersleeve___(46)whenthedogbarks，sheglancesatasmallelectronicgadget(装置)．thefollowing“human”translationappearsonitsscreen：“pleasetake

mewithyou”“irealizedthat’showhewasfeeling．”saysfukuda

thegadgetiscalledbowlingual，andittranslatesdogbarksintofeelings．peoplelaughedwhenthejapanesetoymakertakaracompanymadetheworld’sfirstdog-humantranslationmachinein2023．but300，000japanesedogownersboughtit．____(47)“nobodyelsehadthoughtaboutit，”saidmasahikokajita，whoworksfortakara．“wespendsomuchtimetrainingdogstounderstandourorders；whatwoulditbelikeifwecouldunderstanddogs?”

bowlingualhastwopars____(48)thetranslationisdoneinthegadgetusingadatabasecontainingeverykindofbark．

based011animalbehaviourresearch，thesenoisesaredividedintosixcategories：happiness，sadness，frustration，anger，declarationanddesire．___(49)inthisway,thedatabase

scientificallymatchesabarktoanemotion，whichisthentranslatedintooneof200phrases．

whenavisitorwenttofukuda’shouserecently，thedogbarkedaloud“bowwow”．

___(0)itwasfollowedby“i’mstrongerthanyou”asthedoggrowledandsniffed(嗅)atthevisitortheproductwillbeavailableinuspetstoresthissummerforaboutus$120itcanstoreupto100barks，evenrecordingthedog’semotionswhentheownerisaway．

A

awirelessmicrophoneisattachedtothedog’scollar，whichsendsinformationtothegadgetheldbytheowner．

Bnobodyreallyknowshowadogfeels

Cthistranslatedas“don’tcomethisway”

Dmorecustomersareexpectedwhentheenglishversionislaunchedthissummer~

Enow，thejapanesegirlthinkssheknows．

Feachoneoftheseemotionsisthenlinkedt0aphraselike“let’splay”。“lookatme”，or“spendmoretimewithme”第6部分：完形填空

阅读下面旳短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文旳内容从4个选项中选wheredidalltheshipsgo?

thebermudatriangle(三角区)isone___(51)thegreatestmysteriesofthesea．inthistriangularareabetweenflorida，puertoricoandbermudainatlantic，shipsandairplanes

___(52)todisappearmoreoftenthanin____(53)partsoftheocean．andtheydoso___(54)leavinganysignofanaccidentoranydeadbodies．

itis___(55)thatchristophercolumbuswasthefirstpersontorecordstrangehappeningsinthearea．hiscompassstoppedworking，aflamecamedownfromthesky，andawave100to200-feet-highcarriedhisshipaboutamileaway．

themostfamousdisappearanceinthebermudatrianglewastheusnaval(海军旳)airflight19.___(56)december5，1945，fivebomberplanescarrying14men____(57)onatrainingmissionfromthefloridacoast．laterthatday,allcommunicationswithflight19werelosttheyjustdisappearedwithoutatrace．

thenextmorning，242planesand19shipstookpartinthelargestair-seasearchinhistory．

buttheyfoundnothing．

somepeopleblamethedisappearances_____(58)s