【医学英语】词根最终打印版

人体主要器官前缀名称通用名前（后）缀形容词↓此列均为炎症（-its示例心heartcardio-cardialcarditis/cardiology脑brainencepholo-cerebralencephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmonitis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/ carbonmonoxide/ unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/ trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/ tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/ pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/ heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/ decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇，精品文档 1tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素， octadecanoicaci（十八烷酸）颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/ chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/ erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/ leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/ melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/ xanthoma绿green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/ orangeG粉红pink oink frothysputum绯红crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis–oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀 示例相反困难/不良炎症瘤/血症痛麻痹dis- disease/dys- dysfunction/mal- malfunction/-itis appendicitis/-oma lymphoma/-emia leukemia/-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo--plegia hemipleia/analgesia/disorder/dyspepsia/malnutrition/bronchitis/adenoma/septisemia/hypoalgesia/pamplegia/disabilitydyspneamalpracticearthritishematomabacteremiaalgometermyoplegia精品文档2流出 -rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea坏死 -necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ 结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes与方位有关的前缀含义通用词含义通用词前缀上upper/superiorpi-/supra-下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-epidemic/ epithelium/ supracostalinfracostal/ subclavicular/ 前 front/anterior/priore-/ante-/pre- forehead/ anteroposterior/ 后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/ postprandial/ retrocardiac内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/ endoscopy/ entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/ excretion/ exocardial间 between inter- intermuscular/ intercostal/ 旁副 onthesideof para- parathyroid/ paraprotein/ pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/ pericarditis/ peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra-/centro- centrifugation/ centralize/ centronucleus反对 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/ countershock/ 注： invivoaivou活体; invitro/invairu外或试管内； insituaitj:位含义前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/切开-tomytracheotomy/切（割）-tometracheotome/吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/成形术-plastytracheoplasty/gastrectomy/ splenectomyhysterotomy/ thoracotomegastroesophagostomyosteoplasty/ 整（矫）形ortho-整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/经… trans- transdominal/ translateral/ transurethral注： ortho也正的前缀，如：ortho-acd正酸）-graphyelectrocardigraphygraphelectrocardigraphgram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/醇-olalcohol/propanol/醛-alretinal/methylal/酮-oneacetone/progesterone/糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide精品文档

acetatetaxolpropanalketone3酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例杀 -cide/-cidal insecticide/ pesticide/ bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/ virostatic/ tuberculostatic驱逐 -fuge febrifuge/ centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/ antimycotic/ antimutagen去/脱/去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/回/再/复re-reabsorb/冷冻cryo-cryobiology/否/去/分离dis-disinfection/向后/退行retro-retrograde/cryopreservation/ cryoprotectantdissociate/ dissectionretrosternal/ SuffixMeaningExample-acpertainingto属于，关于cardiac:pertainingtotheheart心脏（病）的-al-arpertainingtopertainingtomedical:pertainingtomedicinemolecular:pertainingtoamolecule分子的-ary pertainingtobelongingto ciliary:pertainingtothecilia,毛状的-ase enzyme酶 amylase:anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar 淀酶-cle smallness小,少贫乏小气 follicle:asmallbodilycavityorsac小囊头发毛囊-e aninstrument 仪器 auriscope:aninstrumentforexaminingtheear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-eal pertainingto

laryngeal:pertainingtothelarynx喉的,喉音的-ia condition;quality phobia:abnormalfear 恐惧，害怕-ic pertainingto toxic:pertainingtotoxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-ics studyof;nameofascience pediatrics: study of children, their development anddiseases 儿科学-ine/in substance 物质 insulin：substance(hormone)producedbytheisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas胰岛素-ism processorcondition alcoholism:excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomesaddictive 酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in 精通pharmacologist:adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyof于……的人 drugs 药理专家-itis inflammation refers to a part rhinitis:inflammationofthenasalpassages鼻炎，鼻粘膜in……部位的炎症 炎-(i)um relation to a whole; related to endometrium:innerliningoftheuter与……相关-ive characterizesby antitussive:adrugthatsuppressescoughing止咳药-let tiny;small droplet:atinydrop 小滴-ment theresultorproductofanaction development:thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;精品文档 4actionofbecomingmature-oidresembling;like像mucoid:resemblingmucus粘液样的-olelittle;smallcentriole:thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthecentrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-omatumor;swellingreferstoadoerdermatofibroma:fibroustumoroftheskin皮肤纤维瘤-or/-ereitherapersonorthingreceptor:asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovariousstimuli感受器，受体-orycharacterizedby;pertainingtosuspensory:whichishangingdown悬吊式，悬带-osesugarfructose:fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖-osisabnormalconditiononychocryptosis:abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌甲-ouspertainingtopoisonous:pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome:thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体-umstructure;thing;substance结构，物magnesium:awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance（金属质元素）-ycondition;act;processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition ormetabolism营养不良ThefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixesSuffixMeaningExample-algiapain;painful;conditionarthralgia:paininajoint关节痛--aseenzymeprotease:digestiveenzyme蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast:blastcell血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carcinomamalignanttumordevelopingfromadenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developingfromconnectivetissue相关组织的恶glandulartissue腺癌性肿瘤-celeprotrusion;distention突出；膨esophagocele:abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus食管-centesis胀，延伸surgicalpuncture手术穿孔突出paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity fortheaspirationoffluid穿刺术-capniacarbondioxide二氧化碳acapnia:absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide:(substance)whichcankillgerms杀菌剂-clastcellphagocyte:cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichcansurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌细胞-dyniapainglossodynia:paininthetongue舌痛-ectasia/-ecexpansion;dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis:incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth肺tasis不张-ectomysurgicalexcisionorremovalofgastrectomy:surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除术-edemaexcessiveaccumulationofserousmyxoedema:conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglanddoesfluid水肿notproduceenoughthyroidhormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emiabloodconditionleukemia:anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswhereanabnormalnumberofleucocytesformintheblood白血病-emesisvomiting呕吐hematemesis:thevomitingofblood咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced orpathogen:amicroorganismoragentcapableofproducingprouducesdisease病菌，病原体-genesis production生产 spermatogenesis: formation and development of精品文档 5-globin-gnosis-gram-graph(y)-iasis-iatry/-iatrics-lith-logy-logist-lysis-malacia-mania-megaly-metry/-meter-odynia-one-opia-opsy-osis-osmia-ostomy-oxia-pathy-penia

protein蛋白质knowledgeimage;pictureprocessofrecording记录过程condition;state情况，状况healing, frequently refers to abranchofmedicine康复，常医学的一个分支stonethestudyofonewhostudiesandtreatsbreakdown,destructionsofteningextreme compulsion preoccupation强迫症giantmeasurementpainhormone荷尔蒙，激素adefectintheeye眼睛的毛病toviewmorbidcondition病态的smellprocessofmakinganintooraconnectionbetween瘘levelofoxygen氧水平disease;diseasedconditiondeficiency

spermatozoainthetestes精子发生hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced erythrocytes血红素diagnosis:theprocessofidentifyingthenatureorpresenceofadiseasethroughknowledgeandexaminationelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the activityofheartmuscleorheartbeatusedinthediagnosisofheartdisease.Abbr.ECGandSyn. cardiogram心电图electocardiography:theprocessofmakingorrecordingelectrocardiograms.Syn.cardiography 心电图记录cholelithiasis:theformationofgallstones胆石症podiatry:treatmentoffootdisorders足部医疗cholelith:agallstone;astoneformedinthegallbladder胆结石cytology:thesciencestudyofcells细胞学urologist:aphysicianwhospecializesinthepracticeurology泌尿科医生hemolysis:thedestructionorbreakdownofredbloodcellswithreleaseofhemoglobin溶血osteomalacia:softeningofbone骨软化kleptomania:amorbid,uncontrollablecompulsiontosteal盗窃癖acromegaly:aconditioninwhichthereisanenlargementofthefacialbonesaswellasthoseofthelungs 症spirometry:measurementofthevolumeofairinhaledandexhaledortheaircapacityofthelungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)cardiodynia:painintheheartregion心痛，胸痛parathormone:whichregulatescalciumbalanceamongblood,bones,andteeth甲状旁腺激素myopia:beingshort-sighted近视biopsy:excisionoflivetissueformicroscopicdiagnosis活检sclerosis:abnormalhardening硬化症anosmia:lossofthesenseofsmell嗅觉丧失gastrostomy:surgicalconstructionofanopeningfromthesurfaceoftheabdomenintothestomach胃造口术hypoxia:alowoxygenleveloralackofoxygeninbodytissues组织缺氧ophthalmopathy:anyeyedisease眼病leukopenia:deficiencyofleukocytesintheblood.Syn.精品文档 6-pepsia--pexy

leukocytopenia白细胞减少症digestion eupepsia:gooddigestion消化良好afixingorsettingfirmlyinplace hepatopexy:surgicalfixationofadisplaceliver肝固定bysuturing 缝合固定-phagia/phagy-phil-phobia-plasia-phonia-plasm-plasty--plegia-pnea--ptosis-ptysis-poiesis-rrhage/-rrhagia-rrhaphy-rrhea-(o)rrhexis-sarcoma-schesis-sclerosis-scope-scopy-spasm-stasis-stenosis-stomy-tention

eating;swallowing吃，吞咽attraction物fearformation;developmentvoiceformation;growthorsubstanceofformationsurgicalrepairstroke;paralysis中风breathingafalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan器官下移spitting分散productionburstingforthofblood出血surgicalsewingorsuturingoverflowsplittingorrupture撕裂，破裂，疝气malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissueaholdingback;suppressionofdischarge阻碍；抑制排放ahardeninginstrumentforviewingprocessofexaminingvisuallyinvoluntarycontractionsuppression; stoppage; arrest抑制，中止abnormalnarrowingofaductorcanal管、道德异常狭窄surgicalopeningtotheoutsideofthebody造口pressure

dysphagia:difficultyinswallowing吞咽困难basophil:typeofleucocyteorwhitebloodcellwhichcontainsgranules嗜碱性粒细胞xenophobia:irrationalfearofstrangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶hyperplasia:overdevelopmentorenlargementofanorganortissue增生，数量型肥大dysphonia:difficultyinspeaking发声困难cytoplasm:jellysubstanceinthecell细胞浆osteoplasty:surgicalrepairofthebone骨整形术，骨成形术thermoplegia:heatorsunsrtoke热射病eupnea:normalbreathinghepatoptosis:abnormallylowpositionoftheliver肝下垂melanoptysis:spittingofthespleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰hemopoiesis:productionofbloodcells造血作用，生血作用menorrhagia:veryheavybleedingduringmenstruation 经过多splenorrhaphy:sutureofthespleen脾修补术hydrorrhea:waterydischarge液溢amniorrhexis:ruptureoftheamnioticac羊膜破裂liposarcoma:malignanttumorcontainingfat脂肪肉瘤uroschesis:suppressionofurine闭尿，尿潴留dermatosclerosis:hardeningoftheskin硬皮病stethoscope: an instrument for performing ausculation听诊器hepatoscopy:examinationoftheliver肝检查angiospasm:suddencontractionofthemusclesinabloodvessel血管痉挛hemostasis:thearrestofbleeding止血，止血法laryngostenosis:abnormalnarrowingofthelarynx喉狭窄colostomy:surgicaloperationtomakeanopeningfromcolon结肠造口术hypertention:highbloodpressure高血压精品文档 7-therapy treatment 物理疗法--tion process hospitalization:theprocessofbeingpitalized-tocia labor;产 embryotocia:产-tome toolforincision arthrotome:instrumentforcuttinoint-tomy processofcuttinginto gastrotomy:incisionoftheh-tropia 转弯，变向 esotropia:turninginward

eye-trophynourishmentordevelopmentofdystrophy:disordercausedbyanorgan器官的营养、发育metabolism营养不良-uriaaconditionoftheuie）dysuria:difficultlyinne-versionturningeversion:aturningHereisatableofthemostcommonlyusedprefixesPrefix Meaning Examplea-/an- without;not aphasiatheinabiliounderstanwritteorspokenwordsortospeak症ab- awayfrom abortion:expulsionfromtheerusad- to;toward;near adnasal:neartheeacro- apointortip acronyx:growingintotheeshalb- white albino:apersonlackingnormalnamb-/ambiboth ambisexuabisexual:(person)whoissexuallyattractedto- bothmalesand性恋amphi-/amboth;bothsides amphicentric:beginningandendinginthepho- 止同源的血管ana- up;backagain anabolism:processofbuildingupcomplexchemicalsubstancesonthebasisofsimplroe谢Angio- abloodvessel angioma:benigntumorformedofbloodelante- before antenatalduringtheperiodbetweenconceptionandhanti- against antidepressant:(drug)usedtotreatersionaudi- hearing;sound audiometry:scienceoftestinggauto- self autoantibodntibodformedtoattacthecell自身抗体bi- two;twice bicellular:twoel的bio- living命体 biochemistry:chemistrylivingsbrady- slow bradycardilowratofhearcontractiohownbyslowpulse动过缓carcin- carcinomaor瘤 carcinogen:acancer-causingcecata- downwards;under;against;aaraconditiowherethelensoftheeyewith becomeshardandopaqe内障centi- onehundredt

分之一 centimeter:unitofmeasurementoflength(=onehundredthofa米co(n)- withortogether consanguineousbloodrelationsi亲的，血缘的，密切的contra- against contraception:preventionofpregnancybyusingdevicesdrugsde- removalorloss decaffeinated:(coffee)tcaffeineremovd啡因的精品文档 8deca-deci-di-dia-dis-dys-echo-ect-/ecto-en-endo-epi-ery-eso-eu-ex-/exo-extra-hemi-hydro-hyper-hypo-in-in-infra-inter-intra-itro-mal-meta-micro-mid-milli-mis-

tententhtwothrough;between;apart;acrossreversalorseparatebad;difficult;disorderedsoundoutsideorouterin;insideon;overredinward;向内goodoutofoutsidehalfwaterhigherortoomuchlessortoolittleinorintonotbeloworbeneathbetweeninsideintobadorabnormalchangesverymiddleonethousandtherrororwrong

decagram:tengrams十克deciliter:unitofmeasurementofliquid(=onetenthofalittle)1/10公升diglossia:adoubletongue使用两种语言diathermy:processof(treating)throughheat透热疗法disintegrate:tocometopieces分解，破裂dysarthrosis:deformityormalformationofajoint 形echocardiography:ultrasonographyoftheheart记，超声心动描记术ecchondroma:benigntumoronthesurfaceofcartilageorbone外生软骨瘤enostosis:benigngrowthinsideabone内生骨疣endocardium:membranewhichlinestheheart心内膜epidermis:outerlayerofskin表皮erythrocyte:maturenon-nucleatedredbloodcell红细胞esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye内斜视eugenics:studyofhowtoimprovethehumanracebygeneticselection优生学exhale:tobreathout呼出extracapsular:outsideacapsule囊外的hemiplegia:severeparalysisaffectingonesideofthebody偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydrocele:collectionofwateryliquidfoundinasuchasthescrotum阴囊积水hyperglycaemia:excessofglucoseintheblood高血糖症hypokalaemia:deficiencyofpotassiumintheblood 钾inbreeding:breedingbetweenacloselyrelatedmalefemale近亲交配incoherent:notabletospeakinawaywhichmakessense语无伦次infrapatellar:beloworbeneaththepatella髌interlobular:betweenlobules小叶间的intramedullary:insidethebonemarroworspinalcord 内introvert:personwhothinksonlyabouthimselfandownmentalstate性格内向的人malfunction:abnormalworkingofanargan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障metaplasia:changeofonetissuetoanother化生，转化，组织变形microcyte:abnormallysmallredbloodcell小红细胞midcarpal:betweenthetworowsofcarpalbonesmilligram:unitofmeasurementofweight毫克miscarriage:spontaneousabortion流产精品文档 9multi-noct-nona-octa-odont-onco-oro-pachy-pali-/palin-pan-/pant-/panto-para-pen-/penta-per-peri-pero-pharmaco-pleo-/pleio-pluri-pneum-/pneunmo-poly-post-pre-presby-pro-/supin-/pron-quadri-/quint-radio-semi-sub-

manyatnineortheeightteethtumoursmouththickeningagainst;pathologicrepetition病态的重复allsimilartoornear;changedbeyondfivethrougharounddeformedordefective陷的drugstoomoreairorthelungs;breathingtouchingmanyorgansafterorlaterbeforeofinfrontofoldagebeforeorinfrontof lyingtheback bendforwardfourfive/fifthrayorradiationhalfunder

multigravida:awomanwhoispregnantandhaspregnantatleasttwicebefore经产孕妇nocturia:passingabnormallylargequantityofurinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿症nonagon:flatshapewhichhasninesides九边形octan:everyeightdays八日热；每隔八日发一次的odontology:studyofteethandassociatedstructures,andtheirdisordersoncology:scientificstudyofnewgowths肿瘤学orolingual:pertainingtothemouthandtongue口与舌的pachyso