IBM的内部资料(一)

LEAPPresentedby:EricPelanderMay21,2002Contents

Subjectorcontext Majorideaorrecommendation Benefitsorvalueproposition Evidenceandanalysis Detailedrecommendationsandactions2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle2ThisEffortIsDesignedtoAssisttheXYZCompanytoidentifyWirelessMarketOpportunitiesDefinetheWirelessMarketplaceandItsEvolutionDescribeandSizeWirelessMarketsIdentifyXYZ’s-AddressableMarketsKeymarketplayersanddynamicsIBM’sperspectiveonthekeystrategicissuesNear-termevolutionofthewirelessmarketApplicationmarketsandsizesDevicesmarketsandsizesInfrastructuremarketsandsizesCurrentplayersineachmarketandrelativestrengthsandweaknessesIdentifyanddescribeXYZ-addressablemarketsEvaluatethesizeoftheimpactthatXYZcanmakeIdentifycriticalsuccessfactorsXYZ’sobjectiveistogaininsightintotheevolutionofthewirelessmarketinordertoidentifymarketopportunitiesforXYZIdentifyUn-AddressedOpportunitiesforXYZMarketcompositionKeyplayersCriticalsuccessfactorsEvaluateopportunitiesagainstXYZcapabilities,customers,channels,andtechnologiesSUMMARYCONCLUSIONSSubject-Context2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle3InternetChannelsWillProvideIncrementalLeadsandRevenueIBMbelievesthereisasubstantialopportunityintheonlineleasingmarketXYZCompanyshouldtargetthefollowingcustomersegments:ProfessionalServicesandManufacturingIT,office,andmanufacturingcollateralclassesSmallbusiness,smallticketmarketThesecustomersshouldbetargetedwithamulti-channelapproach:IndirectAggregatorsDirectThemajorchanneltothesecustomerswillbetheindirectone--throughInternetintermediariesthatgiveaccesstothecustomeratthepointoftransactionEachofthesechannelsappealtocustomerswithuniquebuyingbehaviorsCompetitorsaremovingintotheonlineleasingspace;XYZCompanyshouldmovequicklyMajorIdea-Recommendation2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle4XYZCompanyShouldSimultaneouslyPursueThreeInternetChannelsThroughaVarietyofPartnershipsTargetPartnersChannelOfferingCompetitiveIntensityDirectTrafficdriversfortargetsegmentsEducationalcontentOnlineapplicationsAutomatedcreditdecisioningMedium;buildingamongstart-upfundingaggregators,traditionallessors,andbanksIndirectOnlineStorefrontsOnlineexchangesOFPsAutomatedcreditdecisioningEducationalcontentOnlineapplicationsMedium;aggregatorsandlessorsaremovingtowardspartneringwithonlinevendorsAggregatorAggregatorsthatallowcompetitivedifferentiationbeyondpriceLeasefundingandfulfillmentAutomatedcreditscoringLow,thoughVCispouringintothisspaceChannelsAreRankedbyRelativePriorityTargetSegmentRookieEstablishedSavvyEXECUTIVESUMMARYMajorIdea-Recommendation2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle5TheIndirectChannelIstheHighestPriorityOurresearchintocustomerbehaviorssuggeststhatcustomersaremostlikelytoleaseatthepointofpurchaseEquipmentvendorswilldrivesignificantonlinetransactionvolumeThischannelallowsXYZCompanytoleverageitscorecompetencyofsourcingdealindirectly:EarlyindicationssuggestthatonlineequipmentaggregatorsandvendorsrequireasmallerfeefordealreferralsthanofflineleasebrokersrequireAgrowingnumberofonlineequipmentvendorscurrentlyofferleasing:BrandedandunbrandedstrategiesarebeingusedEXECUTIVESUMMARYWhiletheindirectchannelwilldrivethemostimmediaterevenueimpact,XYCCompanyshouldalsopursuethedirectandaggregatorchannelsinparallel.MajorIdea-Recommendation2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle6BasedontheEstimatedVolume,OnlineRevenueandGrossIncomeGrowRapidlySource:Forrester,ELA,USCensus,IDC,XYZ,IBM$Millions$MillionsEXECUTIVESUMMARYKeyAssumptionsXYZVolumerangesfrom$121MMto$202MMin2004ChannelPartnerFee=3%CostofMoney=6.5%Averagerate=16.5%HighAdoptionLowAdoptionBenefits-ValueProposition2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle7ThecabletripleplayofferingsignificantlyoverlapswithXYZ’scoreresidentialserviceofferingsCompetitiveThreatsCableWirelessSub.PortalsDescriptionofServiceDescriptionofThreatThecabletripleplayconsistsofthreebasicservices:BroadcastTVHigh-speeddataCabletelephonyAncillaryservicesinclude:Video-on-demandVideoconferencingHomesecurityCableprovidersalreadysellservicestoalargemajorityoftheU.S.populationThecablefootprintcoversnearlytheentireU.S.homepopulationThetakerateforserviceisapproximately65%Cableprovidersarecurrentlydigitalizingtheirnetworksanddeployinghigh-speeddataserviceswhichcompetedirectlywithXYZ’shigh-growthDSLserviceCableprovidersarebeginningtodeploycabletelephonywhichwillcompetedirectlywithXYZ’scoreresidentialserviceCabletelephonywillbecomeincreasinglymoreofathreatinthenextcoupleofyearsastheDOCSISstandardforVoIPbecomesimplementedHFCcablemaintainsacompetitiveadvantageoverDSLintermsofbandwidthcapacitywhichallowsforadditionalserviceofferingsincludingvideo-on-demandandvideoconferencingCableproviderswillofferbroadandattractivelypricedbundlestoencourageconsumerstoswitchtocabletelephonyCableTriplePlayThreatEvidence-Analysis2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle8Cableofferingswillcontinuetoemergeasthedigitalcablefootprintreachesnearly90%ofpassedcablehomesby2005CablecompanieshavealreadyupdatedalargemajorityoftheirnetworksandareprojectedtosellancillaryservicesatasteeprateofpenetrationCompetitiveThreatsCableWirelessSub.PortalsSource:DeutscheBankequityresearch9/06/01.U.S.DigitalFootprint1998-2005U.S.DigitalServiceTakeRate1998-2005Asof2Q:01,9.3millionhomeswerecabletelephonereadywith1.2millionsubscribersEvidence-Analysis2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle9EventhoughDSLandCableModemshavesimilartakerates,CablemodemswilldominateduetoitlargeraddressablemarketHigh-speedDataSubscribers21999-2005DuetothefactthatDSLaccessislimitedtothosecustomerswhoresideclosetoaDSLAM,thecablemodemaddressablemarketwillexceedtheDSLaddressablemarketby30millionhomesby2005CompetitiveThreatsCableWirelessSub.Portals58%37%39%55%54%38%36%53%53%35%MSDWequityresearch6/29/01and DeutscheBankequityresearch9/06/01CIBCWorldMarkets,EquityResearch.SalomonSmithBarneyequityresearch8/20/0andDeutcheBankequityresearch9/06/01(includesresidentialancommercialDSLsubscribers)BroadbandSubscribers(millions)DSLvsCableModemTakeRate11999-2005Asof2Q:01,XYZhad360KDSLsubsoutof3.7MDSLreadyhomes(9.8%)3Evidence-Analysis2023/1/18>>DocumentTitle10CableprovidershavetheopportunitytolayeronnewserviceofferingswithonlymarginalincrementalcapitalexpenseIncrementalCapExperSubscriberforAdditionalServiceOfferings1Cableprovidershavetheopportunitytoupdatetheircablelinesat$1,422persubscribertoincreasetheaveragemonthlysubscriberrevenueby$124to$194permonthCompetitiveThreatsCableWirelessSub.PortalsAssumescapitalexpendituresovera6yearperioddiscountedat13%andswitch-basedcabletelephony.Assumesnodiscountonbundledservices,modesttakeratesandswitch-basedcabletelephony.Source:BearStearnsequityresearch5/01,ABNAmroequityresearch6/0,DeutscheBankequityresearch9/06/01andIBManalysis.IncrementalCapexperSubscriberRevenueperSubscriberperMonthforAllServiceOfferings2RevenueperSubscriberperMonth$194$1,422IncrementalRevenueEvidence-Analysis2023/1/4>>DocumentTitle11AttractiveEBITDAmarginsallowcableproviderstoquicklyreachbreakevenonnewserviceofferingsIncrementalEBITDAperSubscriberperMonthForAdditionalServiceOfferings1Assuminga15%takerate,cableproviderscanrecouptheirinvestmentinswitch-basedtelephonyin34monthsCompetitiveThreatsCableWirelessSub.PortalsAssumesa35%revenuesharewithISPforHSDandswitch-basedcabletelephony.Assumesmodesttakeratesandswitch-basedcabletelephony.Source:BearStearnsequityresearch5/01,ABNAmroequityresearch6/0,DeutscheBankequityresearch9/06/01andIBManalysis.IncrementalEBITDAperSubscriberperMonthPaybackPeriodforAdditionalServiceOfferings2Months34EBITDAMargin57%29%45%45%14265Evidence-Analysis2023/1/4>>DocumentTitle12StrategicImplicationsofOurWorkAre……ToachievepositiveEBITDAandcashflowXYZ’’sbusinessneedstoimprovedramaticallyalongtwocriticaldimensions:ImmediatereductionandsubsequentcontrolofoperationalcostsSubstantialrevenuegrowthdrivenbynewcustomeracquisitionWhileamixofactionsmaybeimplementedtoimprovetheongoingcoststructure,newcustomeracquisitionremainsessentialItisthereforeimperativethatXYZcreateanewcustomeracquisitionstrategybasedonamoredetailedunderstandingofthemarketandcustomerneedAssumingtherevisedmanagementplan(basecase)issuccessfullyimplemented,XYZwillstillrequireminimumadditionalfundingof$130millionandanewcapitalinjectionbyAugustof2001However,giventhatthemanagementplanassumesflawlessexecutionagainstademandingsetofimprovementsinallaspectsofthebusiness,contingencyplansshouldbeconsideredimmediately;thesecouldincludemoredrasticoperatingimprovementand/oracquisitionSTRATEGICIMPLICATIONSRecommendations-Actions2023/1/4>>DocumentTitle13OperationalImplicationsAre……BroadenfocusonSMCimprovementsfromcycletimetoalsoincludeproductivityimprovementovertimeContinueefforttomigratenetworktoadatacenterfocusandeliminatePOPsContinuefocusonchannelpartnersasasourceofcustomersContinuetopursuecustomerpurchaseofequipmentConductbusinesscasesincludingbreak-evensandmarketassessmentsfornewproductlaunchdecisions(e.g.,softwareprovisioning,directattachstorage,developmentenvironment)Conductbusinesscasesaroundanyinitialinvestmentsrequestedbychannelpartners;adjusttermstoensurepartnerdeliversontheirportionofobligationsOPERATIONALIMPLICATIONSRecommendations-Actions2023/1/4>>DocumentTitle14OperationalControlandTrackingImplicationsofOurWorkAre…DefineandassignproductcodesforallexpensesandPOs,assets,andGLentriessothatcostscanbetrackedbyproductProvideanintegrateddatasourceforcustomerordersincluding(product)lineitemsordered,serversonline,bandwidthusageanddiscounts,thatcanbesortedbyproductandcustomerReviewexpensesagainstbudgetwitheachoperatingmanager,director,andAVPmonthlytoensureaccountabilityforexpensesandcapitalateverylevelCreatelinkagesbetweencircuitcostinformationintheGLandutilizationstatisticsinEngineeringforasinglesourceofcircuiteconomicdataIdentifyandresolverecurringexpensesinthegeneralledgerwhicharemiscoded(fordepartment)OPERATIONALIMPLICATIONSRecommendations-Actions2023/1/4>>DocumentTitle15IBMStrategy&ChangePractice’’sPresentationFormatTemplate,AllRightsReserved2023/1/416Anypreliminaryordisclaimertextcangohere.Forexample:ThisPowerPointtemplateisprimarilyintendedfordocumentsmeanttobereadorusedasa““leavebehind.””Itmaybeusedforeithercolororblackandwhiteprintouts.Presentationsintendedfordeliverytoalargeaudienceinalargeroomshouldusethetemplatewiththedarkcolorbackground.Introduction2023/1/417ContentsoragendapageFramingtheissuesComponentsofloyaltyCustomerlifetimevalueanalysisIdentifyingloyaltydriversMovingforwardNotethatthecontents/agendaitemsarewritteninsentencecase.Titlethepage““Contents””ifthedocumentismeanttobereadorisa““leavebehind.””Use““agenda””ifthedocumentwillbepresentedformally.Thispageshouldappearatthebeginningofeachsection,withthehighlightedsectionappearinginteal/boldandwithanarrowinfrontofit.Agenda2023/1/418Contentsoragendapage––withsub-topicsDesignelementsBasicelementsColorpaletteCapitalizationIconicTrackersTextlayoutsBulletedtextPlacecardsEnhancedlistsQuotesGraphiclayoutsGraphsTablesandmatricesDiagramsScreenshotsRemembertochangethedocumenttitletracker(foundontheSlideMaster)whenyoucreateanewdocument.ItshouldmatchthenameofthePowerPointfile.Designelements2023/1/419DesignelementsinthistemplatearebasedonseveralfactorsThefontBodoniisusedinthe““IBMStrategy&Change””headerIBMcurrentlyusesBodoniinitsGlobalServiceslogoaswellasinitse-businesslogosApixelatedarrowisusedasakickerboxindicatorandtoindicateContents/AgendaitemselectionIBMcurrentlyusesthesamepixelatedarrowontheirWebsiteThearrowismadeupofsmallsquaresThegray,squaredottedlineunderthepageheaderechoesthesquaredotsusedinthepixelatedarrowThelinedoesnotruntheentirewidthofthepageSincethelineisgrayanddotted,itdoesnotcompartmentalizethepageaswouldasolidblacklineDesignelements>basicelementsExampleofe-businessLogoSource:Elementsareseparatedbysemicolons;Elementsareseparatedbysemicolons,withnoperiod2023/1/420Thisistheheadline,whichshouldtypicallybewrittenasacompletesentenceTheheadlineisArial,20point,bold,blackItshouldnotberesizedItshouldnothavemorethantwolinesWhenaheadlineistwolineslong,chooseadivisionthatisgrammaticallylogicalandaestheticallypleasingIdeally,thetoplineshouldbemoderatelylongerthanthelowerlineAvoiddividingarticlesfromnouns,prepositionsfromprepositionalphrases,

verbsfromnouns,etc.Thetextabovetheheadlineiscalledthe“runningheader””or“breadcrumb”ItisArial,12point,lowercase,plain,lightgraySub-topicsareprecededby“>”andsub-subtopicsareprecededby““>>”Includetheheaderevenifthedocumentisshortandhasnosections(putthetitleofthedocumentinthereinsuchacase)Designelements>basicelements>>sub-sub-sectionsifnecessaryInsertacarriagereturninheadlinesandothertextasappropriatetoavoid“widows”–anunbalancedlookwhereonlyawordortwoappearonthesecondline.SubtitlesAre16pt.,BoldTeal,andinTitleCase2023/1/421ThiscolorpaletteisbasedontheIBMGlobalServicesConsultingWebpageTheuseofblue,teal,andgraycreatesasomewhatmonochromaticpalettethatisbothsophisticatedandsoothingSelectfromthepaletteshownbelowforgraphs

andothercolorelementsColorPaletteThefewercolorsusedthebetterDesignelements>colorpaletteIBMGlobalServicesWebPageR-16G-136B-218R-24G-130B-125R-113G-24B-210R-255G-0B-0R-185G-185B-185R-150G-150B-150R-0G-91B-160R-253G-138B-59AdditionalcolorsifneededWhileothercolorsmayappearinyourcolorpalette(e.g.,inthesecondrow),avoiduseofcolorsthatarenotshownabove.2023/1/422Subtitlesandchart/graphtitlescontinuetousetitlecaseIngeneral,thefirstwordandallnouns,pronouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbsshouldbecapitalizedShortarticlesandprepositionsarelowercase;thosemorethanfourletterslongarecapitalizedFollowthesamerulesforhyphenatedwords(e.g.,State-of-the-Art,Next-Generation,E-Mail,E-Commerce,Web-Based)Shortprepositionsthatarepartofcompoundnouns/verbsmaysometimesbecapitalized(e.g.,Start-Up,HeadingUp,Spin-Off,CastOut)Designelements>capitalizationaanandatawaybydownforfromoverthanthetoupuponviawithAdverbsandConjunctions:AlsoAsButIfNotSoThatThenWhenWhileYetPrepositions:AboutAcrossAfterAroundBeforeBelowBetweenExceptInsideThroughWithinPronouns:HeHimItSheThemTheyUsWeWhichYouCapitalizationRulesWhenUsingTitleCaseVerbs:AreBeCutHasIsRunUseUpperCaseExamplesLowerCaseExamplesinintonorofoffonorout2023/1/423Intheiconictracker,thelinesarelightgray,andthefillislightblueDesignelements>iconictrackersStrengthofSolutionStrengthofCompanyLowHighLowHighACNielsenKenosiaMercariInformationResources,Inc.(IRI)InteractiveEdgeDemantraRW3TechnologiesCategoryManagementSolutionVendors:OverallPositioning2023/1/424ContentsoragendapageDesignelementsBasicelementsColorpaletteCapitalizationIconicTrackersTextlayoutsBulletedtextPlacecardsEnhancedlistsQuotesGraphiclayoutsGraphsTablesandmatricesDiagramsScreenshotsAgenda2023/1/425ThisisastandardtextpagewithbulletedtextandakickerboxMajorpointshavetealsquarebullets(asshown)andareArial,16pt.,normalSubpoints:medium-dash(““N-dash”)bullets(asshown),Arial,14pt.,normalSub-subpoints:coloredsquarebullets(asshown),Arial,12pt.,normalTextshouldgenerallybenosmallerthan12pt.MaintainconsistencyinthestructureofyourbulletsArenotnecessarilywrittenincompletesentencesShouldhaveparallelconstruction(e.g.,allcompletesentences,allnouns,allverb-objectphrases)ShouldincludeatleasttwobulletsatanygivenlevelRatherthanpressingreturnattheendofeverylinetowraptext,adjusttherightsideofthetextboxTextlayouts>bulletedtextThisisthe“kickerbox”.Theshorteritis,thebetter.Keepittoamaximumofthreelines.Donotmakeitwider,ordistortthegraphicelementsbyresizing.2023/1/426Ournewformatfor““place”or““monopolycards””usesnolinesTopicBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletTopicBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletTopicBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletTextlayouts>placecardsIfyouneedmorethanthree“cards”,considerusinga“table”formatinstead.2023/1/427Ifafullsentence,columnheaders……shouldnotbecapitalizedThisisstandardlayoutfortwotextblocks(similarto““cards”)thateachoccupyhalfapageSampletextontheleftsideofthepage(usuallystartsat14point)Sub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSampletextontheleftsideofthepage(usuallystartsat14point)Sub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSampletextontheleftsideofthepage(usuallystartsat14point)Sub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSampletextontherightsideofthepage(usuallystartsat14point)Sub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSampletextontherightsideofthepage(usuallystartsat14point)Sub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSampletextontherightsideofthepage(usuallystartsat14point)Sub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointSub-bulletswouldthenbe12pointTextlayouts>placecards2023/1/428EnhancedlistpagesareusefulforpresentingmultiplecategoriesofinformationClientRelationship/BusinessDevelopmentApagelikethisiscalledanenhancedlistThefontsizeformajorbulletsshouldmatchthatofthecategorylabelsontheleftConsultingEngagementDeliveryTraining/CapabilityDevelopmentRecruitingNotethatcategorylabelsarenowrightalignedThelabelsarealsoboldEachcategoryshouldbecomposedofseparatetextboxestomakealignmentandmanipulationeasierThisisameaninglesssecondbulletYoumayneedtoplacelinesinbetweeneachcategoryifthere’snotenoughspacetoseparatethemadequatelyIfso,makeitasolid,lightgraylineEnhancedListTitleTextlayouts>enhancedlistSource:IBManalysis,June20012023/1/429Hereisastandardformatforpresentingquotes;payattentiontocolor,indentation,anddashtype“Wewentaboutbuildingthesethings[industryexchanges]allwrong.Thedaysofthinkingeveryonewillcometogetherinthesebigmarketplacesandsing‘Kum-ba-ya’aregone.”–FadiChehade,CEO,Viacore“We’vegotatremendousopportunitytodelivergreatervaluetostrategicaccountsanddriveproductivityandrevenuegrowththrough‘private’’trademanagementinitiatives.”– Representativeoffood/beveragemanufacturer“Weare…creatingaprivatesystemmarketplace.Itisliterallyfocusedonintegratingus,ourbottlers,andourcustomerssoallinformationisseemless.”–EverettDarby,ManagingDirector,Coca-ColaeBusiness&eVentures“[Thecompany]isupdatingback-endsystemsandfront-endcustomerinterfaces.Thiswillhelpusparticipateinexchanges.Butwehavetodoitanyway,togetourhouseinorder.”–RepresentativeofpackagefoodsmanufacturerCommentsfromIndustryExecutivesTextlayouts>quotesSource:IBMprimaryresearchinterviews,Dec00;WallStreetJournal,16Mar01;BtoB,08Jan012023/1/430ContentsDesignElementsGraphicelementsColorpaletteCapitalizationIconicTrackersTextLayoutsBulletedtextPlacecardsEnhancedlistsQuotesGraphicLayoutsTablesandmatricesGraphsDiagramsScreenshotsAgenda2023/1/431Two-by-twomatrixwithlabelscenteredLabelLabelTheChartTitleGoesHereSubtitlesAre2PointsSmallerThanChartTitle,NotBoldedandinItalicsGraphiclayouts>tablesandmatricesLabelTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryLabelTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessary2023/1/432Three-by-threematrixwithlabelsinboxesLabelLabelLabelTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryLabelTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryLabelTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryLabelTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryTextgoeshereBulletedifnecessaryGraphiclayouts>tablesandmatricesChartTitle2023/1/433Two-columntablecontainingtext(withcategorylabels)BulletBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletCategory1Category2Category3Category4LabelLabelBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletBulletGraphiclayouts>tablesandmatricesChartTitle2023/1/434Booz-Balltablesshouldbecleanandorganized,allofthesamecolor,andindividualcirclesshouldnotbetoolargeBreadthandDepthofFunctionalityStrengthofArchitectureAbilitytoSupportEaseofImplementationOverallStrengthofSolutionACNielsenInformationResources,Inc.KenosiaInteractiveEdgeDemantraMercariRW3TechGraphTitle,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>tablesandmatricesHighLowKey:2023/1/435Five-segmentvaluechain(withonehighlightedsegment)Graphiclayouts>diagramsChartTitleBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSeparateTextBoxesAreEasiertoMoveAndManipulateJustKeepThemCenteredAppropriatelyBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bullet2023/1/436Four-partorgchartDivisionADivisionDDivisionCBigHoncho(resizeboxifneeded)BulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletDivisionBGraphiclayouts>diagramsBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBulletSub-bulletSub-bulletSub-bulletBullet2023/1/437TheoverallgoalistoincludeallrelevantinformationwhilekeepingthegraphassimpleaspossibleCumulativeNumberofRhodesScholars,1900-1980Harvardvs.YaleAlltextinthegraph(e.g.,dataandaxislabels)shouldbethesamesize,totheextentpossible.Thetextshouldbeplain;onlyboldsomethingifyouarespecificallytryingtohighlightit.Donotaddunitsymbols(e.g.,$orM)tothenumericalaxislabels(exceptfor%).Settheintervalstothelargestreasonablevaluepossible.Ingeneral,donotusebordersonbars,columns,piepieces,etc.YaleHarvardGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/438Inallgraphs,thecolorsmustalternatedarkandlighttoensurereadabilitywhenprintinginblackandwhiteGraphTitleSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphsAxisLabelSource: What’sthesource?Bargraph,2dataseriesAxisTitleAxisTitleGraphiclayouts>graphsDataSeriesLabelDataSeriesLabelSource: What’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitle2023/1/440Datalabelsareoptional;ifused,makethemboldAxisLabelAxisLabelAxisLabelAxisLabelGraphTitle,TimePeriodaSubtitleGraphTitle,TimePeriodbSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphsSource: (a)Sourceforfirstgraph;b)Sourceforsecondgraph2023/1/441Stackedbargraph2135408454AxisTitleAxisTitleGraphiclayouts>graphsSource: What’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitle2023/1/442100%stackedbargraphAxisTitleAxisTitleGraphiclayouts>graphsSource:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleColumn1Column2Column3Column4Column5Key2023/1/443Stackedcolumngraph2135408454CAGR1995-1999Totalxx%AxisLabelAxisLabelDataset5xx%Dataset4xx%Dataset3xx%Dataset2xx%Dataset1xx%Source:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/444100%stackedcolumngraphAxisLabelAxisLabelCAGR1995-1999Dataset5xx%Dataset4xx%Dataset3xx%Dataset2xx%Dataset1xx%Source:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/445Waterfallchart,doublestepAxisTitleAxisTitleTitle,TimePeriodSubtitleDataset1Dataset2Source:What’’sthesource?Graphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/446Tornadochart:back-to-backbargraphsAxisTitleCategoryACategoryBCategoryCCategoryDCategoryFAxisTitleCategoryESource:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/447Tornadochart:horizontalstackedchartAxisTitleCategoryACategoryBCategoryCCategoryDCategoryECategoryFCategoryGCategoryHSource:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/448BasiclinegraphwithoutdatalabelsormarkersSource:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleAxisLabelCAGR1995-2002EU.S.xx%Worldwidexx%Graphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/449Combinationlineandcolumngraph:dual-axisAxisTitleAxisTitleDataset1Dataset2AxisTitleSource:What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/450Areagraph:datalabelsinsideAxisLabelAxisLabelSource: What’’sthesource?Title,TimePeriodSubtitleGraphiclayouts>graphs2023/1/451Piegraph:labelsonoutsideTitle,TimePeriodTotal=xxmillionOrderthepiecesfromlargesttosmallest,unlesssomeotherorderislogicallymoreappropriate.Ingeneral,theangleofthefirstsliceshouldbesettozerodegrees.Graphiclayouts>graphsSource: What’’sthesource