Unit 3 Career and skills 知识点教案-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册

选择性必修四Unit3Careerandskills知识点教案Teachingobjectives1.知识目标：学生能够掌握本单元词汇的基本含义2.技能目标：学生能够掌握本单元词汇的基本运用3.情感目标：学生能够更有信心学习英语Keypoints,Difficultpoints1.掌握本单元词汇的基本含义2.掌握本单元词汇的基本含义Teachingprocedures：I.短语背诵oneofthemostfrequentlyaskedquestions最常被问到的问题之一notleast特别，尤其enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事befinanciallyindependent经济独立jointhelabourforce加入劳动大军itcouldbearguedthat...可以说……begearedtoward...旨在；适合……preparesb.forsth.使某人为某事做好准备earnaliving(=makealiving)谋生bynomeans绝不，一点也不attainone'sgoal达成目标achieveone'sdream实现梦想inthedirectionof朝……的方向endeavortodosth.努力做某事meetwith遭遇;获得incommonhours在平常的时刻one'spassionfor..某人对……的热爱beengagedinsth.忙于……，从事于……befondof喜爱givesb.agreatsenseofachievement/satisfaction给某人一种巨大的成就感/满足感develop/practise/acquireaskill发展/练习/获得技能provideroomforpersonalgrowth为个人成长提供空间excelinsth..在……方面出类拔萃，擅长……keepup(with)跟上，(与……)并驾齐驱affordtodosth.承担得起做某事besatisfiedwith对……满意besatisfiedwiththestatusquo满足于现状adapt(oneself)to(使自己)适应……bereadytodosth.准备好做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事addtooursenseofachievement增加我们的成就感contributeto促成，造成atthemostbasiclevel在最基本的层面上functionproperly正常运转besuperiorto优于……haveprejudiceagainst对……有偏见makecontributions做贡献choosetodosth.选择做某事stepoutofone'scomfortzone走出某人的舒适区commitoneselftodoingsth.致力于做某事workforthebenefitofothers为他人的利益而工作bedevotedtodoingsth.致力于做某事bringsuccessto为……带来成功layout铺开，展开beworthdoing值得做makealifeforsb.为某人创造生活takepridein为……感到自豪beessentialfor/to对……必不可少asawhole作为一个整体,总体上accordingto根据，按照belikelytodosth.可能做某事itseemsthat..似乎……beabouttodosth.即将做某事resultin造成，导致placeemphasisonsth.强调/重视某事takeadvantageof利用meetaneed满足需要attachimportanceto重视……，认为……很重要asaresult因此,结果interactwith与……互动sharpenourabilitytoadapt提高我们的适应能大onthewhole总的说来，大体上，基本上ingeneral总的说来，从总体上看II.知识梳理1.Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.有人可能会说，我们工作是因为我们必须工作，尤其是因为我们需要薪水来实现经济独立。notleast尤其，特别Thisapplies,notleast,todogs.这尤其适用于狗。◆语块积累atleast至少，不少于lastbutnotleast最后但同等重要的是notintheleast一点也不；丝毫不Myunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.我叔叔没能戒烟，但至少他减少了吸烟的量。◆完成句子①Indeed,ittendstogrow,__________(尤其)becauseemployeesarekeen.②Really,I'm__________(一点也不)tired.③Thegrassneedstobecut__________(至少)onceaweekinsummer.④__________(最后但同等重要的是),I'dliketothankallthecateringstaff.salaryn.薪金，薪水Iwouldn'tworkforthemeveniftheypaidmetwicemycurrentsalary.即使他们给我两倍于现在的薪水，我也不会为他们工作。◆语块积累anannualsalaryof£40,00040000英镑的年薪netmonthlysalary净月薪atenpercentsalaryincrease加薪10%onquiteagood/decentsalary薪水相当丰厚ona/onesmallsalary薪水微薄takeadropinsalary接受较低薪水◆词语辨析:salary,pay与wage三者都可用作名词，都可译为“工资，薪水”。salary一般指机关单位官员、职员和管理人员的薪金，一般按年计算，分月或半月发放。Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoincreasesalariesforallpublicservants.政府已决定给所有公务员加薪。pay指不论工作性质如何，针对劳动所支付的报酬，它包含salary和wage(s)，为不可数名词。Hedoesn'tlikethejob，butthepayisgood.他不喜欢那份工作，但薪水不错。wage一般指工人或服务人员等体力劳动者的工资或工钱，通常按周、日、小时计算发放。Heworksatawageof10dollarsaweek.他以每周10美元的工资工作。◆单句语法填空⑤Toherrelief,sheretiredat50_________afullsalary.⑥It'snotbyanymeans_________brilliantsalarybutit'sadequateforourneeds.2.Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.的确，我们中的大多数人一完成学业就加入了劳动大军。labourn.劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi努力做；干苦力活(1)Thepricewillincludethelabourandmaterials.此价格中将包含人工费和材料费。(2)Janewasinlabourfortwohours.简分娩花了两个小时。(3)Hewasinhisstudylabouringawayoversomeoldpapers.他在书房里潜心研究一些旧材料。◆语块积累(1)LabourDay劳工节manual/mentallabour体力/脑力劳动fruitsofone'slabours劳动成果labourforce(全公司或全国的)劳动力Hesaysthereductionofthelabourforcecouldbesignificant.他说劳动力的缩减可能是显著的。(2)labourpains分娩时的阵痛gointolabour开始分娩inlabour分娩中labourtodosth.努力做某事askilled/anunskilledlabourforce熟练/非熟练工人◆单句语法填空①Thecarpartsthemselvesarenotexpensive;it's________labourthatcoststhemoney.②Shewent________labourattwelveo'clocklastnight.③HetravelledaroundEurope________(labour)topayhisway.④Threehoursaftertheexplosion,rescueteamswerestilllabouring________(free)thosetrapped.⑤Morethan2,000workers________(labour)nearly22yearstocompletetheconstruction.3However,earningalivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework...然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因…….earnaliving谋生Youcan'texpecttoearnaliving(=bepaidenoughmoneytoliveon)fromyourpainting.你不能指望靠画画来维持生计。◆语块积累makealiving谋生，度日earn/makeone'sliving谋生，度日◆完成句子Onlandwithrichsoil,localfarmerscangrowcrops__________(谋生).4.Throughtheworkwedo,ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.通过我们所做的工作，我们的目标可以达成，我们的梦想可以实现。◆句式分析本句是并列句，第二个分句中dreams后面承前省略了部分谓语：情态动词can和助动词be。省略(1)句中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明确的信息或前文已出现过某些成分，为了避免不必要的重复，可省略某些成分，这样既不会引起言语上的误解，又可突出中心词，从而使句与句之间连接更紧密，这种语法现象就是省略。(2)并列句的省略是最常见的，一般说来，在后一并列分句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都会被省略。Tosomesmileisveryeasy,andtoothers(smileis)sohard.对一些人来说微笑很容易，而对另一些人(微笑)却很难。(3)主语的省略。(I)Begyourpardon.(我)请你原谅。(You)Comeon!得了吧(你)!见到你很高兴。(4)表语的省略。Shewasaloverofsportsasshehadbeen(aloverofsports)inheryouth.她和年轻时一样，是个体育爱好者。(5)宾语的省略。Let'sdothecases.I'llread(thecases)andyou'lltype(thecases).我们来做这些案例吧。我来读，你来打字。(6)在以if,when,though,as,asif等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，若从句主语和主句主语一致，并且谓语含有be动词，或者从句中含有itis/was，可以省略主语和be动词或者itis/was。Heisverygoodatdancing,though(heis)veryold.他虽然年纪很大，但跳舞跳得很好。(7)“so/nor/either+助动词/情态动词/连系动词be+主语”结构中也省略跟上文重复的成分。用来表示“……也一样/也不”时的省略结构。-Iamastudent.我是个学生。-SoamI(astudent).我也是。-Wehaven'tbeenthere.我们从来没去过那里。-Neither/Norhavewe(beenthere).我们也没。(8)不定式的省略。Herjobistotakecareoftheeldersand(to)washtheirclothes.她的工作是照顾老人和给他们洗衣服。(9)介词(或介词短语)的省略。Wespentalargesumofmoney(in)buildingthemansion.我们花了一大笔钱建造这座宅第。◆补充下列句子中省略的成分①Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasn't(___________).②Shewon'tcomeunless(_________)invited.③I'llaskKatetohelpyouif(_________)necessary.④Thedoctorwasworriedwhenhefoundthepatientwashavingdifficulty(_________)breathing.⑤Pleasepaintthesideofthisboardredand(__________)theotherside(_________)white.attainvt.获得；达到(→attainableadj.能实现的，可获得的attainmentn.获得，达到)Atthatmoment,thecarattainedaspeedofupto138kph.在那一刻,汽车达到了每小时138千米的速度。◆语块积累attainonesobjective/goal达到目标attainindependence获得独立attainknowledge获得知识attainpositionsofpower获得要职attainthisstandard达到这个标准attainone'sidealweight达到理想的体重◆词语辨析:attain,obtain,gain与acquireattain为正式用词，多用于正式场合，主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西。Sheattainedherambitionofbecomingapilot.她实现了成为一名飞行员的志向。obtain常用词，侧重“获得、取得”，多指凭努力或恳求得到急需或很想得到的东西。WherecanIobtainthebook?我在哪里能买到这本书？gain侧重“赢得”，常指得到某种利益，强调赢得某种好处、利益;多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西，如某种利益、好处、经验等。Themangainedalotinthebusiness,buthelosttherespectofhisfriends.那个人做这买卖赚了很多钱，但他却失去了朋友们对他的尊敬。acquire多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”ShehasacquiredagoodknowledgeofEnglish.她英语已经学得很好。◆单句语法填空⑥Totheteacher'sgreatjoy,mostofourstudents________(attain)fiveAgradesintheirexamslastweek.⑦Fewpeoplecouldeverhope________(attain)anacceptablestandardofliving.5.YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina'sfirstastronautinspace.以杨利伟为例，出于对飞行的热爱，他成了一名飞行员，然后成了中国第一位进入太空的航天员。passionn.酷爱；强烈情感(1)He'samanofviolentpassions他是个性情暴烈的人。(2)TheEnglishhaveapassionforgardens.英格兰人酷爱花园。◆语块积累withgreatpassion以极大的热情;充满激情地befullofpassioninone'slife生活中充满激情haveapassionfor对……有强烈的爱好；酷爱◆单句语法填空①Mydaughterhasanattractivecharacter,andsheoftenhelpsmetodohousework________greatpassion.②Peopleherearefull__________passionandbecauseofthis,IgettolikeEnglish.③ItwaswhenshefirstarrivedinChinathatshedevelopedapassion________paper-cutting.6.Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof...无论我们的兴趣在哪里，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作让我们有机会从事我们喜欢的事情……◆句式分析本句是复合句，where...lie和whatever...mightbe是两个让步状语从句。wherever/whatever引导让步状语从句(1)wherever和whatever引导让步状语从句时，意思分别是“无论哪里”“无论什么”，wherever相当于nomatterwhere,whatever相当于nomatterwhat,有时whatever在从句中作定语，后面接名词。I'dliketojoinmychildren,wherevertheyare.我想和我的孩子们团聚，不管他们在哪里。(2)whatever还可以引导名词性从句，意思是“任何东西”。whatever也可以在从句中作定语，后面接名词，相当于“any+n.+that.."。Dowhateveryoulike.你喜欢做什么就做什么。(宾语从句)(3)wherever还可以引导地点状语从句，意思是“在任何地方”Somepeopleenjoythemselveswherevertheyare.有些人在哪里都很开心(4)其他引导让步状语从句的-ever连词还有：whoever/whomever=nomatterwho/whom无论谁，whichever-nomatterwhich无论哪一个，however=nomatterhow无论多么，无论如何，whenever=nomatterwhen无论何时。其中，however后面常接形容词或副词Whoeveryouare/Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.不管你是谁，你必须要遵纪守法。◆完成句子①________________________(无论他走到哪里)，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseehim.②________________________(无论我们遇到什么困难)，weshallfinishtheworkonschedule.③I'lleat________________________(你给我的任何东西).④________________________(无分论这水看上去多么纯净)，Idonotwanttodrinkit.⑤IwanttomarrythemanIlove,________________________(不管他可能会是谁).fondadj.喜爱;喜欢;深情的，温情的(→fondnessn.喜爱)(1)Overtheyears,Ihavegrownquitefondofher.经过这么多年，我已相当喜欢她了。(2)IhaveveryfondmemoriesofmytimeinBeijing(=Irememberitwithaffectionandpleasure).我十分怀念从前在北京的时光。(3)I'vealwayshadafondnessforchocolatecake.我一直对巧克力蛋糕情有独钟。◆语块积累befondof喜爱befondofmusic/cooking喜好音乐/烹饪growfondof浙渐喜欢上(通过接触某一事物后慢慢产生了喜好)afondlook/embrace慈爱的目光/温情的拥抱afondnessforanimals喜爱动物He'srathertoofondofthesoundofhisownvoice(=hetalkstoomuch).他太爱讲话了。◆单句语法填空⑥I'mfond________Englishanddowellinbothspeakandwriting.⑦Mybrotherisfondof__________(point)oumistakes,andthat'swhyIdon'tlikehim.⑧Youneedn'thavetoldmethat,forGeorge's__________(fond)forfishingwaswellknown....anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow.……而且也难以预料二十年后将会出现的新职位。anticipatevt.预料；预计；期盼，期望(→anticipationn.预计，预料；期盼，期望)(1)Weneedsomeonewhocananticipateandrespondtochangesinthefashionindustry.我们需要一个能预见时装业变化并做相应安排的人。(2)Wedon'tanticipateanymajorproblems.我们预料不会发生什么大问题。(3)Weeagerlyanticipatedthedaywewouldleaveschool.我们迫切地期盼着毕业离校的那一天。(4)Heboughtextrafoodinanticipationofmorepeoplecomingthanhe'dinvited.他预料来的客人会比邀请的多，就多买了食物。◆语块积累anticipatetheresultof预期……的结果anticipatedoingsth.预期做某事Itisanticipatedthat...预计……inanticipationof预料……happy/eager/excitedanticipation愉快的/殷切的/激动的期盼单句语法填空①Weshouldnotonlyfocusonsolvingtheimmediateproblemsoftodaybutalsoontryingtosolvethe________(anticipate)problemsofthefuture.②Wethoughttheconcertintheparkwouldbepopularbutwedidn'tanticipatesomanypeople_________(turn)up.③It_________(anticipate)thathersadmoodcanlastforaratherlongtime.④She'sevendecoratedthespareroominanticipation__________yourvisit....alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.……所有的工作都同等重要，没有哪一份工作优于别的工作，因此我们对任何一份工作都不应该抱有偏见。superioradj.更好的，占优势的；(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人(1)Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。(2)Thesoldierwasreportedtohissuperiorofficerforfailinginhisduties.这个士兵因失职之事被报告到了他的上级那里。(3)He'smyimmediatesuperior(=thepersondirectlyaboveme).他是我的顶头上司。◆语块积累(1)besuperiorto优于……，比……地位高vastlysuperior强得多superiorintelligence更强的智力withasuperiorair态度傲慢地besuperiorinnumbers在数量上占优势(2)mysuperiorofficer我的上级军官superiorstatus更高的地位asuperiorcourtoflaw上级法院superiorapartments高级公寓套房(3)yoursocialsuperiors社会地位比自己高的人◆说明不用比较级形式却表示比较概念的类似短语还有：beinferiorto不如……，次于……beseniorto比……年长/地位高bejuniorto比……年轻/地位低bepriorto在……之前，先于◆单句语法填空①Shewaschosenforthejobbecauseshewassuperior________theothercandidates.②She'ssenior_________me,soIhavetodowhatshetellsme.prejudicen.偏见，成见Theirdecisionwasbasedonignoranceandprejudice.他们的决定是基于无知和偏见。◆语块积累racialprejudice种族偏见befreefromprejudice毫无偏见have(a)prejudiceagainst对……有偏见◆单句语法填空③Ihopethewidespreadprejudice_________workersover45willdisappearsoon.④Nowthatheisamanfree________prejudice,lethimmakethedecision....allmakeourrespectivecontributions.……我们都做出了各自的贡献。respectiveadj.分别的，各自的(→respectivelyadv.分别，各自)(1)Theychattedabouttheirrespectivechildhoods.他们聊起了各自的童年。(2)Theirsonswerethreeandsixrespectively.他们的儿子分别是3岁和6岁。◆语块积累therespectiverolesofmenandwomeninsociety男女在社会中各自的角色intheirrespectivefields/careers在他们各自的领域/事业中◆单句语法填空ItwasagreatsurprisethatmyhusbandandIgotpayrisesof8%and10%____________(respective).10.Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.此外，有些人选择走出自己的舒适区，致力于为他人的利益而工作。zonen.地区；区域Manybuildingsintheearthquakezoneweredestroyed.地震灾区的许多建筑物被毁坏了。◆语块积累comfortzone舒适区，放松区awar/securityzone战区/安全区anearthquake/adangerzone地震带/危险地带apedestrianzone(=wherevehiclesmaynotgo)步行区atimezone时区anuclear-freezone无核区economicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzones经济技术开发区◆单句语法填空Hehadnoideathatinsidethese_________(zone)trafficspeedsarerestrictedto20mph.11.Currently;aheavyfocusisputontrainingin“hardskills”,suchasmachineoperatingandsoftwareprogramming.目前，重点放在“硬技能”培训上，如机器操作和软件编程。operatevt操作，使运行；经营，管理；使用vi运转，工作；经营，营业；起作用，产生影响；动手术(→operationn.运行，操作;经营,运营;手术;行动,活动operatorn.电话员;操作员;经营者)(1)Doesthecompanyoperateapensionscheme?这家公司实行养老金制度吗?(2)Subwayrainsoperate24hoursadayinNewYork.纽约的地铁24小时不间断运行。(3)Thesystemhasbeeninoperationforsixmonths.这个系统已经运行六个月了。◆语块积累(1)operateacomputer操作计算机operateafarm经营农场operatewell运转良好operateon...给……做手术(2)inoperation工作中;使用中;有效comeintooperation开始工作，开始生效ooperation实施;使...运..转asecurityoperation安全行动athree-hourheartoperation三个小时的心脏手术◆单句语法填空①Whatskillsareneeded__________(operate)thismachineisunknowntohim.②_________(operate)moreefficiently,thedepartmentisintroducingchanges.③Shewantedtoworkinahospitaltheretolearnhowtooperate_________patients.④Theworkmanhadafingercutoffbythemachinehe________(operate)then.⑤Heisrecoveringfrom________operationonhisshoulder.⑥Thepolicehavelaunchedamajor__________(operate)againstdrugsuppliers.12.However,inthefuture,employerswilllooktohirepeoplewhoarereadyandabletolearn.然而，在未来，雇主会希望雇用那些准备好并有能力学习的人。hirev&vi聘用，雇用;租用n.新雇员;租借(1)Shewashiredthreeyearsago.她是三年前录用的。(2)Howmuchwoulditcosttohireacarfortheweekend?租一辆车周末用要多少钱?(3)She'sourlatesthire,whoworksveryhard.她是我们最新的雇员，工作非常努力。◆语块积累hirearoom/video租汽车/房间/录像带hirealawyer聘请律师hiresth.out出租某