高三英语一轮复习定语从句讲义

定语从句定语:修饰名词 从句:引导词+陈述语序句子 定语从句：用一个从句，充当定语，修饰名词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词称作“先行词”它通常出现在定语从句前面、先行一步存在。定语从句考点：引导词的选择一．定语从句三大类引导词(1)特殊关系词：as，whose(2)关系代词：who,whom,which,that(3)关系副词：when，where，why注意：定语从句的世界里没有what和how!特殊关系词as/whose规律：特殊关系词直接靠翻译做题即可！as:“正如”Asweallknow,Beijingisalargecity.1.(_____isknowntoall),Tomisugly.2.(_______isdescribed)(inthepicture)，Tomiseatingbananas.3.YangLiping,(______isknowntoallofus),isafamousdancer.whose“它的/他们的”Ihaveahouse,_________windowsfacethesea.2.Iknowaman(_________dogislovely).（二）关系代词who/whom/that/which定语从句缺成分，即缺主语或者宾语，用关系代词，一般翻译为“ta/他们”who:先行词是人，在从句中做主语或宾语。LiHuaisateacherwhoteachesEnglish.whom:先行词是人，在从句中只能当宾语Ihaveafriend(whomImadefriendswith)(lastyear).Which：先行词是物，或指整个主句Ihaveabook(whichwasboughtinBeijing).Ilikeplayingbasketball,whichisnotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.that:人物绝不避人物1).人：先行词是人，可以用that2).物：先行词是物，可以用that3).绝：先行词被“绝对化的词only,first,last,theugliest修饰，只能用that引导。4).不：先行词是“不定代词somebody等，只能用that引导。5).避：为了避免和上文疑问词who/which重复，只能用that引导。6).人物：当先行词即有人又有物时，只能用that引导。1.Tomisamanthatisugly.2.Tomhasacarthatisugly.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows. 5.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?6.ThemanandhiscarthatIsawinthestreetwereugly.（三）关系副词when/where/why定语从句不缺成分，即不缺主语或者宾语，用关系副词When“那会儿”(时间）where“在那儿”(地点）Why（原因）Istillrememberthedays(________wewereyoung).Istillrememberthefarm(________weplayedtogether).Thereason(________Idon’ttrusthim)is(thatheoftentellslies).思考下列题目用关系代词or关系副词？口诀：从句成分不完整用关代，从句成分完整用关副不完整：从句缺主语或者宾语完整:从句不缺主语或者宾语Istillrememberthedays(________wespentonthefarm).Istillrememberthefarm(________wevisitedtogether).Isthisthereason________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Isthisthereason________hewassocarelessinhiswork?Helivesinavillage_______isnotfarfromthecity.Helivesinthevillage_______hewasborn.Isthisthefactory_______colorTVsetsareproduced.Thisisthefactory_______producescolorsTVsets.二．限制性定从VS非限制性定从Let’slearn.请观察对比从句在整个句子里的含义与作用。1.Imetthemanwholivesnextdoor.2.ThegirlwholivesnextdoorisaChineseteacher.3.IsawYaoMing,whoisthegreatestNBAstar.4.Mary,wholivesinGuangZhou,isajournalist.Tips:非限制性定语从句前有逗号，而限制性定语从句前没有限制性定从：从句起限定修饰作用，给主句提供必要信息，缺了从句，主句意思会受影响.非限制性定从：从句对主句内容提供补充信息，没有从句不影响主句意思.改正句子中错误引导词，总结非限制性定从的引导词。1.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.2.Ihaveafriend,who’snameisLiuMei.3.Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,thatdidn’thelp.4.TherearethreemembersinmyfamilyandI’mtheonlychild,whoisverycommoninChina.5.ThecouplewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoon,whichtheyplantostayforthreedays.6.Duringholidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,whenairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.7.TomwillputoffthepicnicuntilSeptember7th,whyhewillbefree.总结：限制性定从的引导词：全部都可以非限制性定从的引导词：不用that引导三．介词+关系代词引导的定从Themantowhomheistalkingismyfather.ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.“介词+关系代词”引导的定从时，介词的宾语只能用________（指物）和_________（指人）。介词的选择依据1.取决于从句中v/adj短语搭配Thisisthebook_____whichIaminterested.Thisisthebook_____whichIpaidtenyuan.2.取决于句意表达Everyoneneedsair,_____whichwecouldn’tlive.Thisistheboy,_____whomIwenttoschool.四，一些特殊的情况1.先行词是he/those，定从只能由who引导Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.2.当先行词是theway时1）由that引导，Ilikethewaythatyoulookatme.2）由inwhich引导，Ilikethewayinwhichyoulookatme.3）省略引导词，Ilikethewayyoulookatme.3.注意：定语从句的引导词可以不放在定语从句的开头Thisisthemountain,onthetopofwhichstandsatree.LiHuaisateacher,thestudentsofwhomareverysmart.Iboughtawatch,thehandsofwhicharemadeofgold.注意区别以下两个句子：Therearefivejudges,allofwhomagreeyouarethebestone.Therearefivejudges,andallofthemagreeyouarethebestone.五．定语从句的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与在人称和数上保持一致。Anyonewho