ErnestHemingway海明威人物介绍theLostGeneration迷惘的一代

会计学1ErnestHemingway海明威人物介绍theLostGeneration迷惘的一代Americannovelist,short-storywriter,andjournalist.

第1页/共26页1234Contents

LifeexperienceMajorworksThemeStyle第2页/共26页HisLifechildhoodschoollifeafterhighschoolWorldwarⅠlifeinKeyWestWorldWarIIsuicide第3页/共26页childhoodHeisthesecondchild,andfirstson*HeisraisedinOakPark,asuburbofChicago*Hisfather—asuccessfulphysician，lovefishingandhunting*Hismother—amusicteacher*musiclessonswereusefulinhiswritingandalifelongpassionforoutdooradventureandforlivinginremoteareas第4页/共26页schoollifeHeattendedOakParkandRiverForestHighSchoolandexcelledbothacademicallyandathleticallyHisfirstwritingexperiencewasfortheschool'snewspaperandyearbook第5页/共26页afterhighschoolHeworkedasareporterforTheKansasCityStar(堪萨斯《星报》)beforeWorldWarIforonlysixmonths第6页/共26页WorldwarⅠjoinedtheRedCross

AmbulanceCorps(红十字会战场服务队)onJuly8,1918,hewoundedbutcarriedanItaliansoldiertosafety,receivedtheItalianSilverMedalofBraverywheninthehospital,hemetandfellinlovewithAgnes,aRedCrossnursebutrejected第7页/共26页lifeinKeyWest

In1928，hemovedtoKeyWest,Florida,tobegintheirnewlifeAtthistime,hisfathercommittedsuicideDuringtheearly1930sHemingwaywerebusywithhunting,fishing,bullfighting,travelingandwriting第8页/共26页WorldWarII

AfterthePacificwarbrokeout，heevenimprovisedhisyachtassubmarinetodetectGermanarmyandoffertheinformationtoAmericangovernment.In1940,hecreatedForWhomtheBellTollsandin1952hepublishedhisbest-knownnovel，atleasttoChinesepeople，OldManAndTheSea.第9页/共26页suicideDiscouragedbyatroubledfamilybackground,illnessandthebeliefthathewaslosinghisgiftforwriting,he"quitedeliberately"shothimselfwithhisfavoriteshotgunintheearlymorninghoursofJuly2,1961.第10页/共26页Majorworks

shortstories1923：ThreeStoriesandTenPoems《三个故事和十首诗》1925：CatintheRain《雨中的猫》1925：InOurTime《在我们的时代里》1927：MenWithoutWomen《没有女人的男人》1932：TheSnowsof

Kilimanjaro《乞力马扎罗的雪》1933：WinnerTakeNothing《胜者一无所获》1938：TheFifthColumnandtheFirstForty-NineStories《第五纵队与49个故事》1972：TheNickAdamsStories《尼克·亚当斯故事集》1987：TheCompleteShortStoriesofErnest

Hemingway《海明威短篇故事全集》1995：Everyman'sLibrary:TheCollectedStorie《海明威故事选集》第11页/共26页Figuremasterpieces1926：TheSunalsoRises《太阳照常升起》1929：AFarewelltoArms

《永别了，武器》1940：ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》1952：TheOldManandtheSea

《老人与海》第12页/共26页Spokesmanof"theLostGeneration"

"迷惘的一代"

Definition:termappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingWWI,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvaluesbutcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism.ThisincludedtheyoungEnglishandAmericanexpatriatesaswellasmenandwomencaughtinthewarandcutofffromtheoldvaluesandyetunabletocometotermswiththenewerawhencivilizationhadgonemad.Timeperiod:1920sSourceofthename:GertrudeStein（格特鲁德·斯坦因）,prefacetoTheSunAlsoRises第13页/共26页Commoncharacteristics:ComingofageduringtheWar,havingsomethingtodowithitDisillusionedandantagonisticagainstwarUnhappyaboutAmericancultureExpatiatesinParisMajorrepresentatives:

thewriterssuchas

Hemingway,F.S.Fitzgerald,ThomasWolfe,andLouisBromfield

andpoetslikeMalcolmCowley,E.E.Cummings,andEzraPound.第14页/共26页Majorthemes1.HemingwayThemewithaHemingwayHero:Hemingway’sheroesliveadventure-filledlivesthataredrivenbycourageandlimitedbyfearTheyhideasensitiveheartunderatoughexterior“Graceunderpressure”istheirmottoHisheroesarehemmedinbyforcesbeyondtheircontrol第15页/共26页DefinitionofCodeHeroHemingwaydefinedtheCodeHeroas"amanwholivescorrectly,followingtheidealsofhonor,courageandenduranceinaworldthatissometimeschaotic,oftenstressful,andalwayspainful."

TheCodeHeromeasureshimselfbyhowwelltheyhandlethedifficultsituationsthatlifethrowsathim.IntheendtheCodeHerowilllosebecauseweareallmortal,butthetruemeasureishowapersonfacesdeath.

TheCodebelievesin"Nada,"aSpanishwordmeaningnothing.Alongwiththis,thereisnoafterlife.第16页/共26页CodeheroThe“HemingwayCode”ofmanhooddoesnotinvolvemerephysicalstrength,sexualpotency,orabilitytoaccumulate(orspend)wealth.Accordingtothiscode,amanisdefinedbywill,pride,andendurance:theendurancetoacceptpain,evenloss-whenthelosscannotbeavoided;theprideofknowingthatonehasdoneone'sbest,withthecouragetoacttrulyaccordingtoone'sownnature;andthewilltofacedefeatorvictorywithoutwhiningononehandorboastingontheother.第17页/共26页ExamplesofHemingwaycodehero:FrederickHenryinAFarewelltoArmsRobertJordaninForWhomtheBellTollsSntiagoinTheOldManandtheSea第18页/共26页2.War:Violent,meaningless,chaotic,purposelessslaughter;3.Death;4.Love;(asaresponsetothehorrorsofwarandtheworld:HenryandCatherine)5.Fishing,Boxing,Bullfighting,Drinking…Thenovelistwaswidelyquotedassaying,"Mywritingisnothing.Myboxingiseverything."第19页/共26页WringstyleSimplicity,economyofexpression•Diction:concrete,specific,commonlyfound,Anglo-Saxon,casualandconversationalwords,withfewadverbsoradjectives•Syntax:short,simplesentences,whichareorderlyandpatterned,conversationalandsometimesungrammatical.Anear"stream-of-consciousness"narrationandinteriormonologue.Understatementandomission(IcebergTheory)

第20页/共26页

“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eightsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.

Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminateanditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesn’tshow.”“Isometimesthinkthatmystyleissuggestiveratherthandirect.

Thereadermustoftenusehisimaginationorlosethemostsubtlepartofmythoughts.”

“Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemay

omitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignity

ofmovementofanicebergisduetoonly

one-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”

Hemingway'sIcebergTheory

----Hemingway

第21页/共26页