2023年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷及答案

2023年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷及答案〔二〕第一局部：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线局部意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1Thewindchillfactor,thecombinationoflowtemperatureandwindspeed,strikinglyincreasesthedegreeofcoldfeltbyapersonwhoisoutdoors.AeffectivelyBremarkablyCcertainlyDunquestionably2Oncethoughtdoomedtoextinction,southernseaottersarenowstringentlyprotectedthroughtheeffortsofnaturalistgroups.ArigorouslyBminimallyCfederallyDguardedly3Theparkisagoodplaceforstrollers.AcarriagesBwalkersCsprintersDcampers4Atagetwenty-fiveOrsonWellesstunnedthefilmworldwithhismovieCitizenKane.AamusedBamazedCfrightenedDoffended5Thedisease,rust,stuntsaplant'sgrowthandleadstothedestructionoftheplant.AenhancesBmoderatesCstopsDhinders6heWeddellsealofAntarcticacandivetoadepthofabout,1,600feetandremainsubmergedforaslongasanhourandtenminutes.AunderwaterBfearlessCunconsciousDbreathless7Vice-PresidentLyndonJohnsonbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStatesfollowingthedeathofJohnF.Kennedyandwassubsequentlyelectedtoafulltermin1964.AdulyBfinallyClaterDtherefore8Theoutcryagainstthegovernment'spolicieswillsubsideonlyifacompromiseisreachedintheassembly.AdiedownBsucceedCproceedDbedislodged9TheTexasOperaTheaterwasestablishedasasubsidiaryoftheHoustonGrandOperainordertogiveyoungsingersperformingtheirexperience.AhallBrivalCpatronDbranch10BenjaminFranklinwasnotthefirsttosuggesttherelationshipbetweenlightningandelectricity,buthisexperimentwithakitewasoriginal.AdefineBconfirmCexamineDpropose11LouisSullivan,afamousAmericanarchitect,variedhisstructurestosuitthelocalclimate.AmodifyBenhanceCaccommodateDavoid12Instatistics,themathematicalmeanisobtainedbydividingthesumofagroupofscoresbythenumberofscores.AtotalBsquareCnumeratorDlist13Fortifiedmedievaltownswereoftensurroundedbytwowatermoats.AprotectedBencircledCfloodedDsupplied14ThefuturesurvivalofthebaldeagleisstillanimportantAmericanecologicalconcern.AmigrationBpopulationCexistenceDevolution15Thechildren'sstorywriterknownasDr.Seussprovedthatthesimpleststoriesforchildrencouldhavecharacterizationandsuspense.AstructureBhistoryCexcitementDplot第二局部：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。WinnersandLosersWhyarethebiggestwinnersinthepastdecadeoftradeglobalizationmostlyinSouthandEastAsia,whereasthebiggestlosersaremostlyintheformerSovietbloc(集团)andsub-SaharanAfrica?Historyisapartialguide:EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition,latelyreinvigorated(给以新的活力)bytheChineseadoptionofmarketeconomics.TheSovietUnion,ontheotherhand,wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.InAfrica,somecountriesaredisadvantagedbecauseofinadequateinfrastructure(根底结构);manycountrieshavelittletotradebutcommodities,thepricesofwhichhavefalleninrecentyears.Insomeregions,certaincountrieshavesufferedbyadoptingmisguidedpolicies;oftenunderpressurefromInternationalMonetaryFund.FirstamongtheseisRussia,whichintheearly1990striedtoembracecapitalismbeforefirstbuildingtheinstitutionsthatmakecapitalismwork,suchasanindependentbanksystem,asystemofbusinesslaw,andanadequatemethodforcollectingtaxes.EncouragedbytheIMF,theWorldBankandtheU.S.DepartmentoftheTreasury,PresidentBorisYeltsin'sregimeprivatizedthestate-ownedindustrialsector,creatingaclassofoligarchs(寡头政治集团成员),who,knowinghowunstableconditionswereathome,senttheirmoneyabroadinsteadofinvestingitathome.Incontrast,China,thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization,didnotfollowtheIMFformula.OftheformerstatesoftheSovietbloc,onlyafew,notablyPolandandHungary,managedtogrow,whichtheydidbyignoringIMFadviceandadoptingexpansionaryplans,includingspendingmorethantheycollectedintaxes.BotswanaandUgandaarealsosuccessstories:despitetheirdisadvantages,theircountriesachievedvigorousgrowthbycreatingstablecivilsocieties,liberalizingtradeandimplementingreformsthatrancountertoIMFprescriptions.16Japanhasalongtradingtradition.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17RussiawaswronglyguidedbytheIMF.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18AllAfricancountriesfollowedtheIMFformula.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19TheSovietUnionwasacapitalistcountry.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Australiaisoneofthebiggestwinnersfromglobalization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21ChinadidnottakeIMFadvice.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22ManyhighofficialsinRussiahavemuchbenefitedfromprivatization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第三局部：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。EnglishandEnglishCommunity1ThereisnodenyingthatEnglishisausefullanguage.ThepeoplewhospeakEnglishtodaymakeupthelargestspeechcommunityintheworldwiththeexceptionofspeakersofChinese.OriginallytheyweresmalltribesofpeoplefromnorthernEuropewhosettledinEngland.Theirlanguagesbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother.Finally,thelanguagehadenoughuniformitytobeusedbyallspeakersinEngland.Thepeoplewereunitedintoaspeechcommunitythroughtheirsharedlanguage.2Aspeechcommunityissimilartootherkindsofcommunities.Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunitysharecommonlanguage.Oftentheylivesidebyside,astheydoinaneighborhood,avillage,oracity.Moreoftentheyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunity.Aspeechcommunityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguagenomatterwheretheyhappentolive.3WemaysaythatanyonewhospeaksEnglishbelongstotheEnglishspeechcommunity.Forconvenience,wemayclassifythespeakersintotwogroups:oneinwhichthespeakersuseEnglishastheirnativelanguage,theotherinwhichthespeakerslearnEnglishasasecondlanguageforthepurposeofeducation,commerce,andsoon.4Englishservesasanalternativelanguageinseveralareasofpublicactivityforthemanynationsoftheworldwhichemployitasaninternationalsecondlanguage.Englishhasbeenadoptedasthelanguageofairtraffic,commerce,aswellasinternationaldiplomacy.Moreover,EnglishisthelanguageofthemajorityofpublishedmaterialsintheworldsothateducationhascometorelyheavilyonanunderstandingofEnglish.5Learningsecondlanguageextendsone'svisionandexpandsthemind.Thehistoryandliteratureofasecondlanguagerecordtherealandfictionallivesofpeopleandtheirculturel;aknowledgeofthemaddstoourabilitytounderstandandtofeelastheyfeel.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunicationthroughwhichthewindowoftheentireEnglishspeechcommunitybecomesapartofourheritage.23Paragraph2___________24Paragraph3___________25Paragraph4___________26Paragraph5___________ATheWideUseofEnglishBHistoricalAccountofEnglishandItsCommunityCTheAdvantagesofLearningaSecondLanguageDTheCompositionoftheEnglishCommunityETheThreatThatEnglishPosestoOtherLanguagesFTheDefinitionofaSpeechCommunity27Onlythroughthesharedlanguage___________.28Theideaofthenationalboundariesinoftendifferentfrom___________.29Speakersareclassifiedintotwogroups___________.30AnunderstandingofEnglish___________.AthatofaspeechcommunityBcanaspeechcommunitybeformedCinordertolearnEnglishbetterDforthesakeofsimplicityEhasplayedanimportantroleinthefieldofeducationFiswidelyusedinseveralareasofpublicactivity第四局部：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文答复其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最正确答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇HairDetectivesScientistshavefoundawaytousehairtofigureoutwhereapersonisfromandwherethatpersonhasbeen.Thefindingcouldhelpsolvecrimes,amongotherusefulapplications.Wateriscentraltothenewtechnique.Ourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitsparts:hydrogenandoxygen.Atomsofthesetwoelementsendupinourtissuesandhair.Butnotallwateristhesame.Hydrogenandoxygenatomscanvaryinhowmuchtheyweigh.Differentformsofasingleelementarecalledisotopes.Anddependingonwhereyoulive,tapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsoftheheavierandlighterisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.Mighthairrecordthesewateryquirks?That'swhatJamesR.Ehleringer,anenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofUtahinSaltLakeCity,wondered.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguescollectedhairfrombarbersandhairstylistsin65citiesin18statesacrosstheUnitedStates.Theresearchersassumedthatthehairtheycollectedcamefrompeoplewholivedinthearea.Eventhoughpeopledrinkalotofbottledwaterthesedays,thescientistsfoundthathairoverwhelminglyreflectedtheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesinlocaltapwater.That'sprobablybecausepeopleusuallycooktheirfoodinthelocalwater.What'smore,mostoftheotherliquidspeopledrinkincludingmilkandsoftdrinkscontainlargeamountsofwaterthatalsocomefromsourceswithintheirregion.Scientistsalreadyknewhowthecompositionofwatervariesthroughoutthecountry.Ehleringerandcolleaguescombinedthatinformationwiththeirresultstopredictthecompositionofhairinpeoplefromdifferentregions.OnehairsampleusedinEhleringer'sstudycamefromamanwhohadrecentlymovedfromBeijing,China,toSaltLakeCity.Ashishairgrew,itreflectedhischangeinlocation.Thenewtechniquecan'tpointtoexactlywhereapersonisfrom,becausesimilartypesofwaterappearindifferentregionsthatspanabroadarea.Butauthoritiescannowusetheinformationtoanalyzehairsamplesfromcriminalsorcrimevictimsandnarrowtheirsearchforclues.31Whatdoesthewritersayabouttapwater?WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?___________ATapwaterreflectstheconcentrationsofhydrogenandoxygenisotopesindifferentregions.BTapwaterisakindofsoftdrinkintheUnitedStates.CTapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygen.DTapwaterisusedtocookfood.32JamesR.Ehleringertriedtofindout___________.AifourbodiesbreakwaterdownintoitspartsBifitispossibletocollecthairsamplesacrossthecountryCiftapwatercontainsuniqueproportionsofisotopesofhydrogenandoxygenDifthecompositionofhaircanindicateexactlywherepeoplearefrom33Whichofthefollowingstatementsismeantbythewriter?___________AEhleringerwassuccessfulinhisresearch.BEhleringerfailedinhisresearch.CEhleringercanbeasuccessfuldetective.DEhleringer'sresearchprovedsuccessfulinChina.34Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellyou?___________AThenewtechniquecantellpreciselywhereapersonlives.BWatersuppliedindifferentregionsallcomefromthesamesource.CTypesofwaterusedindifferentregionsprovideusefulinformationforthepolice.DHairsamplesprovidethemostimportantcluestoidentifycrimes.35Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothetitle?___________AHumanhairmayhelpdetectivestosolvecrimes.BAnimalhairmayhelpdetectivestosolvecrimes.CDetectiveswatchhairycriminalsclosely.DMostdetectivesarehairspecialists.第二篇WhyTheyTravel?Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravellers.Theofficialcasefor“academicmobility〞isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope,butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,theirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues;onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeenreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentresoflearning,andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.Inadditiononemustrecognisetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplewouldworkinsomeisolationiftheywerenotabletokeepintouchwithsimilarisolatedgroupsinothercountries.Frequentlythesespecialisationslieinareaswhereveryrapiddevelopmentsaretakingplace,andalsowheretheresearchneededfordevelopmentsisextremelycostlyandtakesalongtime.Itispreciselyintheseareasthattheadvantagesofcollaborationandsharingofexpertiseappearmostevident.Associatedwiththisisthegrowthofspecialistperiodicals,whichenablescholarstobecomeawareofwhatishappeningindifferentcentresofresearchandtomeeteachotherinconferencesandsymposia.Fromthesemeetingscomethepersonalrelationshipswhichareatthebottomofalmostallformalizedschemesofcooperation,andprovidethemwiththeirmostsatisfactorystimulus.Butasthespecialisationshaveincreasedinnumberandnarrowedinrange,therehadbeenanOppositemovementtowardsinterdisciplinarystudies.Theseowemuchtothebeliefthatonecannotproperlyinvestigatetheincrediblycomplexproblemsthrownupbythemodernworld,andbyrecentadvancesinourknowledgealongthenarrowfrontofasinglediscipline.Thistrendhasledtoagreatdealofacademiccontactbetweendisciplines,andafargreateremphasisonthepoolingofspecialistknowledge,reflectedinthebroadsubjectschoseninmanyinternationalconferences.36Accordingtothepassage,scholarsandstudentsaregreattravellersbecause__________.AstandardsarehigheratforeignuniversitiesBtheirgovernmentsencouragethemtotravelCsalariesandconditionsarebetterabroadDtheyareeagerfornewknowledge37Thewritersaysthattravelwasimportantinthepastbecauseit__________.AwasawayofspreadingideasBbrokedownpoliticalbarriersCledtoeconomicprogressDmadenewideaslessschooling38Thewriterclaimsthatitisimportantforspecialiststobeabletotravelbecause_________.AtherearesomanypeopleworkinginsimilarfieldsBthereisalotofsocialunrestatuniversitiesCtheirfollowexpertsarescatteredroundtheworldDtheirlaboratoriesareinremoteplaces39Thewriterthinksthatthegrowthofspecialistsocietiesandperiodicalshashelpedscholarsto__________.AspendlesstimetravellingBcutdownresearchcostsCdeveloptheirideasmorequicklyDkeepupwithcurrentdevelopments40Developmentsininternationalcooperationareoften,itissuggested,theresultof__________.AfriendshipsformedbyscholarsatmeetingsBarticlesinlearnedjournalsCtheworkofinternationalagenciesDprogramsinitiatedbygovernments第三篇GeographyandMovementTounderstandhowastrologyworks,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookatthesky.Althoughthestarsareatenormousdistances,theydoindeedgivetheimpressionofbeingaffixedtotheinnersurfaceofagreathollowspheresurroundingtheearth.Ancientpeople,infact,literallybelievedintheexistenceofsuchacelestialsphere.Astheearthspinsonitsaxis,thecelestialsphereappearstoturnaboutuseachday,pivotingatpointsonalinewiththeearth'saxisofrotation.Thisdailyturningofthespherecarriesthestarsaroundthesky,causingmostofthemtoriseandset,butthey,andconstellationstheydefine,maintainsfixedpatternsonthesphere,justasthecontinentofAustralianmaintainsitsshapeonaspinningglobeoftheearth.Thusthestarswerecalledfixedstars.Themotionofthesunalongtheeclipticis,ofcourse,merelyareflectionoftherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesun,buttheancientsbelievedtheearthwasfixedandthesunhadandindependentmotionofitsown,eastwardamongthestars.Theglareofsunlighthidesthestarsindaytime,buttheancientswereawarethatthestarswereupthereevenatnight,andthesloweastwardmotionofthesunaroundthesky,attherateofaboutthirtydegreeseachmonth,causeddifferentstarstobevisibleatnightatdifferenttimesoftheyear.Themoon,revolvingaroundtheeartheachmonth,alsohasanindependentmotioninthesky.Themoon,however,changesitpositionrelativelyrapidly.Althoughitappearstoriseandseteachday,asdoesnearlyeverythingelseinthesky,wecanseethemoonchangingpositionduringasshortanintervalasanhourorso.Themoon'spatharoundtheearthliesnearlyinthesameplaneastheearth'spatharoundthesun,sothemoonisneverseenveryfarfromtheeclipticinthesky.Therearefiveotherobjectsvisibletothenakedeyethatalsoappeartomoveinrespecttothefixedbackgroundofstarsonthecelestialsphere.ThesearetheplanetsMercury,Venus,Mars,Jupiter,andtheSaturn.Allofthemrevolvearoundthesuninnearlythesameplaneastheearthdoes,sothey,likethemoon,alwaysappearneartheecliptic.Becauseweseetheplanetsfromthemovingearth,however,theybehaveinacomplicatedway,withtheirapparentmotionsonthecelestialspherereflectingboththeirownindependentmotionsaroundthesunandourmotionaswell.41Theancientpeoplebelievedthat___________.AtheearthwasspinningontheaxisoftheskyBtheskywasahollowspherespinningaroundtheearthCthepatternsofstarsontheskywouldneverchangeDthestarsaroundtheskywerenotstationary42Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthemotionofthemoon?___________AThemoonandthesunaremovinginthesameplane.BThemoonrevolvedalongtheecliptic.CThemoonmovesfasterthanthesun.DThepositionofthemooncanbefoundchangedinanhour'stime.43Itisstatedinastrologythat___________.AthesunissodistantfromusthatitwashardtofollowitsmotionBthesunwasmovingwestwardaroundtheskyCthemotionofthesunisattherateofaboutthirtydegreeseveryweekDthemotionofthesunissimilartotherevolutionoftheeartharoundthesun44Alltheotherfiveplanets___________.AalwaysappearnearthepathofthesunBaremovinginawaymorecomplicatedthantheearthdoesCaren'tmovingaroundthesunasindependentlyastheearthdoesDaremovingaroundthesunatthesamespeedastheearthdoes45Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrue?___________AAfixedstarrefersastarthatisalwaysstationaryonthesky.BScientistscantellthemotionoftheearthfromthemotionsofotherfiveplanets.CAncientpeoplehadscantyknowledgeaboutthemovementofthestars.DAllthestarsontheskycanbeseenalltheyeararound.第五局部：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。TheImportanceofAgricultureinChinaThedevelopmentofagricultureandthebalancebetweenfoodandpopulationareChina'sfun-damentaleconomicproblems.TheclassicalhistoriespraiseemperorsfordevotiontoagricultureandmuchofChina'smodernhistoryis46,whichhasbeengrowingsteadily.Today,althoughagricultureaccountsforonlyaquarteroftheGrossNationalProduct,itisstillthemaindeterminantofthestandardoflivingandtheprincipaloccupationofatleast70percentofthepopulation.Agriculturealso47becauseindustryneedsbothagriculturalrawmaterialsandfoodforitsworkforce.Thefailureofagriculturetosupplyrawmaterialsandfoodhaltedandlaterreversedtheindustrialprogressofthe1950's.After1960newemphasiswasplacedonagriculture,andtheslogan“gricultureisthefoundationoftheeconomy〞hasremainedacentralChineseeconomicpolicyeversince.48,thereisanindirectlinkduetotherelationshipbetweenagricultureandforeigntrade.ManyofChina'sexportsare49orconsumergoodsbasedonthem.Flourishingagriculture,therefore,promotesexports.Italsoreducestheneedtospendforeignexchangeonimportsofgrainandcotton,therefore50AdeterminestheprogressofindustryBthestoryoftheunfoldingstruggletofeedapeasantpopulationCeitheragriculturalrawmaterialsDenlargingthecapacityoftheeconomytoimportmachineryandcommoditiesforindustryEInadditiontothedirectlinksbetweenagricultureandindustryFthuspromotingbothimportandexport第六局部：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最正确答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。AvalancheandItsSafetyAnavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithairandwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesare51thebiggestdangersinthemountainsforbothlifeandproperty.Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typicallysnowpack,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslope52supportsit.Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichis53tocauseanavalanche,54acomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberoffactors.Terrainslopesflatterthan25degreesorsteeperthan60degreestypicallyhavealow55ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot56significantlyonsteepslopes;also,snowdoesnot57easilyonflatslopes.Human-triggeredavalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow'sangleofrestis5835and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehumanincidenceofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumbis:Aslopethatis59enoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotentialtogenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.Additionally,avalancheriskincreaseswith60;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,themorelikelyitisthatanavalanchewilloccur.Duetothecomplexityofthesubject,wintertravellinginthebackcountryisnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafetyisacontinuous61，includingrouteselectionandexaminationofthesnowpack,weather62，andhumanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso63therisk.Iflocalauthoritiesissueavalancheriskreports,theyshouldbeconsideredandallwarningsshouldbepaid64to.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithoutyourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechangedsincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepathswhereplantsare65ordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomighttriggeranavalanche.51AamongBofCtoDin52AwhenBthatCwhoDwhose53AmostlyBlikelyCclearlyDsurely54AareBwillbeCisDwas55AweightBformCriskDwork56AfallBflowCrollDgather57AfallBflowCrollDgather58AamongBbetweenCwithDfor59AthickBthinCflatDrocky60AuseBtimeCsnowDrain61AjourneyBtripCfactDprocess62AconditionsBreportsCforecastDevent63AincreaseBreduceCimproveDremove64ApriceBeffortCattentionDmoney65AmissingBgrownCbigDfresh第一局部：1B2A3B4B5D6A7C8A9D10D11C12A13B14C15D第二局部：16A这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：EastAsiahasalongtradingtradition.日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。17A此题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。18B在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去开展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。19B第一段里有一句话：TheSovietUnion，ontheotherhand，wasshelteredfromfree-marketforcesformorethan70years.70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。20C文中没有提到澳大利亚。21A此题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：…，China，thebiggestwinnerfromglobalization，didnotfollowtheIMFformula.即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。22C在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。第三局部：23F此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。24D此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成〞一词。25A此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。26C此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。27B答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语局部要求使用倒装句。28A第二段第四句话说明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the+有关前述名词，以防止重复。29D第三段第二句说明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。forthesakeof指“出于……的考虑〞。30E第四段最后一句话说明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。第四局部：31B第三段和第六段谈到tapwater。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tapwater是软饮料。32C第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。thesewateryquirks指的是上段中的uniquepro-portionsoftheheavierandlighterisotopesof