I治理知识概述英文

ITGovernanceOverviewByGeorgeTermofITGovernanceITgovernanceistheresponsibilityoftheboardofdirectorsandexecutivemanagement.Itisanintegralpartofenterprisegovernanceandconsistoftheleadershipandorganizationalstructuresandprocessesthatensurethattheorganization’sITsustainsandextendstheorganization’sstrategiesandobjectivesInteractionofObjectivesandITactivitiesITGovernanceFrameworkWhyIsITGovernanceImportantITiscriticalinsupportingandenablingenterprisegoalsITisstrategictothebusinessgrowthandinnovationDuediligenceisincreasinglyrequiredrelativetotheITimplicationofmergersandacquisitionsTheexpectationtoITseldommatchtherealityofITFocusAreasofITGovernanceFocusAreasofITGovernanceStrategicalignmentFocusonaligningwiththebusinessandcollaborativesolutionsValuedeliveryConcentratingonoptimizingexpenseandprovingthevalueofITRiskmanagementAddressingthesafeguardingofITassets,disasterrecoveryandcontinuityofoperationsResourcemanagementOptimizingknowledgeandITinfrastructurePerformancemeasurementTrackingprojectdeliveryandmonitoringITservicesFocusAreasofITGovernanceStrategicalignmentValuedeliveryRiskmanagementResourcemanagementPerformancemeasurementITStrategicalignmentITalignmentisajourney,notadestinationForITgovernancealignmentencompassesmorethanstrategicintegrationbetweenthe(future)ITorganizationandthe(future)enterpriseorganization.ItalsoisaboutwhetherIToperationsarealignedwiththecurrententerpriseoperationsITStrategicalignmentITalignmentisajourney,notadestinationITSupportingStrategicObjectivesFocusAreasofITGovernanceStrategicalignmentValuedeliveryRiskmanagementResourcemanagementPerformancemeasurementITValueDeliveryITvalueisintheeyeofthebeholderViewsofITvalue(WeillandBroadbent)ITValueDeliveryITvalueisintheeyeofthebeholderThebasicprincipleofITvaluearetheon-timeandwithin-budgetdeliveryofappropriatequality,whichachievesthebenefitsthatwerepromisedTomanageexpectationsITandbusinessshoulduseacommonlanguageforvalueThehigheronegoesinthemeasurementhierarchy,themoredilutionoccursImportantnotonlytofocusonmeasurementsbasedonvaluerealization,butalsototakeintoaccounttheenterprise’’sperformanceincreatingvalueEstablishthevaluemeasuresinconcertbetweenbusinessandITFocusAreasofITGovernanceStrategicalignmentValuedeliveryRiskmanagementResourcemanagementPerformancemeasurementITRiskManagementTheriskawarenessofseniorcorporateofficersEffectiveriskmanagementbeginswithaclearunderstandingoftheenterprise’sappetiteforriskTheapproachestochoosedependingonthetypeofriskanditssignificancetothebusiness:It’stheITalligatorsyoudonotseethatwillgetyouMitigate----ImplementcontrolsTransfer----ShareriskwithpartnersortransfertoinsurancecoverageAccept----FormallyacknowledgethattheriskexistsandmonitoritThemostdamagingriskarethosethatarenotwellunderstoodFocusAreasofITGovernanceStrategicalignmentValuedeliveryRiskmanagementResourcemanagementPerformancemeasurementITResourceManagementAgoodcraftsmanisrecognizedbythequalityofhistoolsOneofthekeystosuccessfulITperformanceistheuseandallocationofITresources(people,applications,technology,facilities,data)inservicingtheneedsoftheenterpriseTheresponsibilitieswithrespecttoITsystemsandservicesprocurementareunderstoodandappliedAppropriatemethodsandadequateskillsexisttomanageandsupportITprojectsandsystemsImprovedworkforceplanningandinvestmentexisttoensurerecruitmentandretentionofskilledITstaffITeducation,traininganddevelopmentneedsarefullyidentifiedandaddressedforallstaffAppropriatefacilitiesareprovidedandtimeisavailableforstafftodeveloptheskillstheyneedFocusAreasofITGovernanceStrategicalignmentValuedeliveryRiskmanagementResourcemanagementPerformancemeasurementITPerformanceMeasurementInITifyouareplayingthegame,notkeepingscore,youareonlypracticingThemeansofvaluecreationshiftedfromtangibletointangibleassetsininformation-basedglobaleconomyBSCtranslatesstrategyintoactiontoachievegoalswithaperformancemeasurementsystemgoingbeyondthetraditionalwayITPerformanceMeasurementInITifyouareplayingthegame,notkeepingscore,youareonlypracticingFinancialperspectiveTosatisfyourstakeholderswhatfinancialobjectivemustweaccomplishCustomerperspectiveToachieveourfinancialobjectiveswhatcustomersneedsmustweserveInternalprocessperspectiveTosatisfyourcustomersandstakeholdersinwhichinternalbusinessprocessesmustweexcelLearningperspectiveToachieveourgoalshowmustourorganizationlearnandinnovateITPerformanceMeasurementInITifyouareplayingthegame,notkeepingscore,youareonlypracticingITdoesmorethanprovideinformationtoobtainaglobalpicture,alsoenablesandsustainssolutionsfortheactualgoalssetinthebusinessscorecardERP/SCMCRMKMOAITPerformanceMeasurementInITifyouareplayingthegame,notkeepingscore,youareonlypracticingITBSCisoneofthemosteffectivemeanstoaidtoachieveITandbusinessalignment.TheobjectiveToestablishavehicleformanagementreportingtotheboardTofosterconsensusamongkeystakeholdersaboutIT’’sstrategicaimsTodemonstratetheeffectivenessandaddedvalueofITTocommunicateaboutIT’sperformance,risksandcapabilitiesITPerformanceMeasurementITPerformanceMeasurementSampleofITBSCMeasuresConclusionsITgovernanceshouldbeintegratedwithinenterprisegovernanceITgovernancerolesandresponsibilitiesneedtobedefinedAnITgovernanceimplementationplanisrequiredSetupagovernanceorganizationframeworkAlignITstrategywithb