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会计学1CET写作高分策略大学英语四级写作

评分原则与标准评分原则1。采用总体印象评分,给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数扣分。2。从内容和语言两个方面综合评判。评分标准《大学英语教学大纲》关于四级写作的要求是培养学生初步的写作能力。具体体现在四个方面:切题与否,内容表达清楚与否,文字通顺连贯与否,语言错误多与否。写作部分占总分的15%,分值为107分(总分710分)。按卷面15分计算,阅卷标准分5个等级:14分,11分、8分、5分、2分。14分标准切题;表达思想清楚;文字通顺;连贯性较好;基本上无语言错误,仅个别拼写错误。11分标准切题;表示思想清楚;文字连贯,但有少量语法错误。第1页/共132页大学英语四级写作

评分标准8分标准基本切题;有些地方表达思想不够清楚;文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误5分标准基本切题;表达思想不清楚;连贯性较差;有较多的语言错误。2分标准条理不清;思路紊乱;语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,并且多数为严重错误(白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。注:1。如题目中给出主题句,起始句,结束句,均不得记入所写字数;2。只写一段者:0-4分;只写两段者:0-9分(指规定三段的作文)第2页/共132页对照标准看作文TrafficinBigCities1.Traffichasbecomeasocialprobleminbigcities.2.Onewaytosolvethisproblemis...3.Anotherwayis...

Traffichasbecomeasocialprobleminbigcities.Ofcourse,haveacarisagoodthing,butifeverypersonownacar,thestreetswillbecametoocrowded.so,trafficjamsoccurredduringtherushhoursandaccidentshappenedmoreoften.

Onewaytosolvethisproblemisdeveloppublictransportationsystem.Forexample,weshouldbuymorebusesandweshouldbuiltmoreroads,especiallyround-the-cityroadsAndundergroundtrainsisalsoagoodsolution.Anotherwayistoreducethebigcity’spopulation.Ourcountrypopulationcontrolisawiseandnecessarypolicy.Ifbigcitypeoplereduce,trafficwilllesscrowded.

第3页/共132页【点评】第一句抄起始句,无问题。第二句,想说“有车是件好事”但英文就大错特错了。须知,英文的主语一般只能是四部分组成:名词(含代词)、动名词v-ing、动词不定式to及句子。动词have是不能当主语的,至少应改为“having”。接下来,everyperson那动词own自然应该加“s”了。streetswill后面动词用原形become,第三行so大写“s”,TrafficJamsoccurredandaccidentshappened.动词完全不需要用过去式,那样,就给人以一种“事情已过去,现在已经不堵车,也没有交通事故”的印象。所以,议论文中使用过去式一定要合理,不要滥用。

第二段“Onewaytosolvethisproblemistodevelop...”才行。一般来说,每句话只应有一个谓语动词(并列时当成一个看),所以,有了“is”,“develop”必须消掉(消动词有三招,tov,v-ing,v-ed过去分词)。Weshouldbuild...,And应小写。undergroundtrainsis...主谓语不协调或改为trainsare,或改为trainis,后者更好些,因为此处是在讲“地铁”这种形式是一个好办法。第4页/共132页

评分标准对我们的启示1、作文主要考查“思路”与“英文水平”针对训练2、2分段:笔下病句横行,表述不知所云祛除病句3、5分段:遍地残金断玉,捡拾无处下手穿针引线4、8分段:克敌有心无力,临阵功亏一篑运筹帷幄5、11分段:发挥四平八稳,结果差强人意锦上添花第5页/共132页

自我定位努力方向11~14 锦上添花:句库与闪光点

8~11 运筹帷幄:谋篇布局与逻辑性

5~8 穿针引线:过渡词与连贯性

2~5 祛除病句:词汇、句型、连词与从句训练自下而上考试从此入手有水平,没思路?有思路,欠水平?没思路,欠水平?训练谋篇布局强化词汇句型埋头苦干重新做人6、脚踏实地,逐级努力。

第6页/共132页7、没有把握时最好安全运作。8、字数合理控制。9、三段式写作缺一不可。10、整洁。第7页/共132页目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线四、谋篇布局五、锦上添花六、作文类型第8页/共132页祛除病句:词汇、句型、连词与从句治标:常见写作错误治本:词汇、句型连词与从句第9页/共132页治标:纠正常见写作错误一、主语错误

1.主语缺失

1)Inourcountryfeelsveryfree.Peoplefeelfreeinourcountry.

2)Inmyhometownaren’tverybusy.Peopleinmyhometownaren’tverybusy.

2.非名词/代词主语

1)Richdoesn’tensureahappylife.Beingrichdoesn’tmeanahappylife./Wealthdoesn’tensureahappylife.

2)Keeptwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.Keepingtwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.第10页/共132页3.主谓错位

1)Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.Peoplecanacquireknowledgefrombooks.

2)Nowpeople’slivescan’tleaveTV.

Nowpeoplecan’tdowithoutTV.

第11页/共132页二、谓语错误

1.多重谓语

1)Inourmodernsociety,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.

Inourmodernsociety,manyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated./Alargenumberofpeoplehavefallenvictimtovarioustricks.

2)Povertymakesmanypeoplecan’tstudyabroad.

Povertymakesmanypeopleunabletostudyabroad./Povertymakesitimpossibleformanypeopletostudyabroad./Povertypreventsmanypeoplefromstudyingabroad./Manypeoplecan’tstudyabroadbecauseofpoverty.第12页/共132页

2.非动词谓语

1)Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersagainstit.

Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersareagainstit.

2)Itissaidthattheplaceworthstouring.

Itissaidthattheplaceisworthtouring.

第13页/共132页

3.时态/数/指代不一致Disagreements

1)IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachmeCollegeEnglish.

IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachesmeCollegeEnglish.

2)Iuseadiskbecauseitholdplentyofdata.

Iuseadiskbecauseitholdsplentyofdata.3)Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.

Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)

第14页/共132页4.误用词组

1)Theyinsistonpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.

Theyinsistthatpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.

2)Iamafraidofthatit’sgoingtorain.

Iamafraidthatit’sgoingtorain.

第15页/共132页三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析:本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.改为:Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radioandnewspaper.第16页/共132页四.词性误用“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析:negative系形容词,误作动词。改为:Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.第17页/共132页五.不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例1.Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.剖析:Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。改为:

Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.第18页/共132页目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线四、谋篇布局五、锦上添花六、作文类型第19页/共132页穿针引线:过渡词与连贯性要做到作文表达清楚、语义连贯,考生必须学会过渡词(TransitionalWords)的使用。过渡词是一种关系指引词,它是连接句与句、段与段之间的纽带。过渡词一般为副词或起副词作用的短语,另外代词、连词也可以起到过渡的作用。有意识地使用下列连接词,这对提高作文分数是很有帮助的,同时大家在使用这些词的时候,必须弄清楚哪些连接词是副词,哪些是连词。第20页/共132页常见过渡词的类别

(1)表示并列、增加、递进:also,and,andthen,too,inaddition,again,furthermore,moreover,aswell,aswellas,or,besides,what’smore,what’sworse,notonly...butalso,both...and,either...or,neither...nor第21页/共132页(2)表示时间顺序:first,firstly,second,secondly,third,thirdly,aboveall,firstofall,now,then,soon,next,gradually,finally,when,while,until,lately,presently,recently,since,eventually,assoonas,fromthenon,inthemeantime,atthesametime,earlythismorningafterawhile,inafewdays,atlast,intheend等。第22页/共132页(3)表示空间顺序:near(to),far(from),infrontof,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,totheright/left,around,outside等。(4)更换表达方式:inotherwords,thatistosay,toputitanotherway等。

第23页/共132页(4)表示比较和对照:inthesameway,like,justlike,justas,similarly,similarto;unlike,but,still,yet,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,eventhough,instead,,,although,despite,inspiteof,whereas,unlike,nevertheless,ononehand...ontheotherhand,some...others等。

Tomysurprise,

myfatherdidnotcriticizeme.Hepraisedmeinstead.Usually,myfatherdoesn'tneedanassistantonhisbusinesstour.However,

heofferedtotakemewithhimthistime.Iguess,myfathergavemethisopportunityasatreatformycourageousconduct.第24页/共132页(5)表示结果和原因:because,since,so,therefore,then,thus,otherwise,thereby,hence,as,for,becauseof,nowthat,thanksto,dueto,asaresult,sothat,so...that,such...that等。

Thepeopleofthetwocountrieswereonceonfriendlytermswitheachotherataperiodoftime.Butforsomehistoricalreasons,therelationsbetweenthetwonationswerebrokenoff.Asaresult,thepeoplehadbeenoutoftouchforaverylongtime.Astimewentby,thetwocountriesdecidedtorestoretheirdiplomaticrelationship.Accordingly,

bothpartiesagreedtonegotiations.

第25页/共132页(6)表示目的:forthisreason,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto

(7)表示条件:if,unless,onconditionthat,as/solongas

第26页/共132页(8)表示强调:infact,actually,asamatteroffact,indeed,surely,necessarily,truly,obviously,certainly,totellthetruth,mostimportant,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,torepeat,aboveall,mostimportant等。Weweretirediflivinginthenoisycrowdedcity,

sowemovedtothecountryside.Werentasmallhouse.Inaddition,weboughtsomeoldfurniture.Wefeltquietathomeinthecountry.Whatismore,

wecouldenjoyfreshairandlongwalkseveryday.

第27页/共132页(9)表示举例:forexample,infact,inthiscase,actually,forinstance,like,suchas,

especially等。

XiaoWangisaveryversatilestudent.Besideshisexcellentperformanceinhisstudies,heisgoodatballgames,andbasketballinparticular.Heisagoodswimmer,too,andhecandoindifferentstyles,suchasbackstrokestyleandfreestyle.Hecanalsoplaytwokindsofmusicalinstruments,namely,violinandpiano.

第28页/共132页(10)表示总结:finally,atlast,inconclusion,asIhaveshown,inaword,inbrief,inshort,ingeneral,onthewhole,ashasbeenstated,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,insummary等。

White-hairedfolksreadthepaperontheirfarmhouseporchesatsunset.Worn-outwindmillsstoodaloneinpasture...Allinall,

wedidnotseemuchevidencethatsmall-townAmericawasvanishing.

第29页/共132页过渡词的功能文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成,在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头,“承”是承接,“转”是转折,“合”是综合或总结。第30页/共132页(1)用于“启”的过渡词语(常用在段落或文章的开头)

first,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,firstly,tostartwith,recently,now,atpresent,inrecentyears,ingeneral,generallyspeaking,atpresent,lately,currently,

Itisoftensaidthat...

Astheproverbsays...

Itgoeswithoutsayingthat...

Itisclear/obviousthat...

Manypeopleoftenask...

第31页/共132页(2)用于“承”的过渡词语(通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中)

second,similarly,inaddition,besides,then,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,whatisworse,forexample,forinstance,certainly,surely,obviously,inotherwords,especially,particularly,inparticular,indeed,still,third,truly,infact,atthesametime,nodoubt,Itistruethat...

Everybodyknowsthat...

Itcanbeeasilyprovedthat...

Noonecandenythat...

Thereasonwhy...isthat...

Thereisnodoubtthat...

Totake...foranexample(instance)...

Weknowthat...

Whatismoreseriousisthat...

第32页/共132页(3)用于“转”的过渡词语(通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中)

but,however,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,inanycase,atanyrate,nevertheless,otherwise,or,orelse,while,whereas,but,despite,inspiteof...,yet,instead,

Idonotbelievethat...

Perhapsyou’llaskwhy...

Thismaybetrue,butwestillhaveaproblemwithregardto...

Thoughweareinbasicagreementwith...,yetdifferenceswillbefound,

That’swhyIfeelthat...

第33页/共132页(4)用于“合”的过渡词语(通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中)

inaword,ingeneral,inshort,aboveall,afterall,generallyspeaking,tosumup,finally,inconclusion,atlast,insummary,therefore,asaresult,aboveall,thus,afterall,eventually,hence,inshort,inconclusion,inaword,insum,onthewhole,tosumup

Fromthispointofview...

Onaccountofthiswecanfindthat...

Theresultisdependenton...

Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust...

第34页/共132页目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线四、谋篇布局五、锦上添花六、作文类型第35页/共132页运筹帷幄:谋篇布局与逻辑性

到了考场上,作文最重要的是理清思路。有些人,没有思路,随心所欲,信手写去,写着写着,自己也不知道写到哪里了。这种作文,怎么会条理清楚?难道会中心突出?如何能干净整洁,不乱涂乱画?

因此,拿到作文后的第一件事就是要审题,确保不跑题。其次是根据具体要求列出提纲,确保思路清晰。再次就是用比较标准的英文将你想要说的意思表达出来,这就需要有较好的英文基本功底:包括单词、句子结构、语法、词组等等。第36页/共132页1.切题作文不跑题,这是老生常谈,但要完全做到,并非轻而易举。例如:BenefitsofSports自然应该写运动的好处,但有些考生在列举了一系列运动的优点之后,又写道:运动固然好处很多,但也应避免运动的过量。过量的运动还是有害的。它可以使人过度疲劳,损害心脏,拉伤大腿,等等。殊不知,这样写着写着,不知不觉中已跑题了。本文要求你写运动的“好处”。至于其“副作用”或“坏处”,根本不应在文章的讨论范围之内。

又如:有的考生写“HowUniversityGraduatesFindWork”一文,竟写成了自己喜欢什么样的工作。这样一来,你词汇量再大,语法知识再好,也只能是“南辕北辙”了。假如把文章的重点放在“如何”一词上,就算抓住了要害。比如如何去面试,如何写自我简介,如何进行自我包装和推销,等等。第37页/共132页比如”GoodHealth”这篇作文。①Importanceofgoodhealth②Waystokeepfit.③Myownpractices.

至于第三段,“我的实践”,有的考生会想,第二段可写“吃”与“锻炼”是保持健康的最佳途径,那么,第三段还写“吃”与“锻练”———我自己准备怎么做。

“Fromtodayon,Iwill...;Iwill...;”或者“Iplantodoitasfollows...”那叫“我的实践”吗?

顶多算是“我的希望”或“我的计划”。这样写就跑题了。可见,切题不仅是指全文,三段中的每一段也存在是否切题这样一个问题。有的考生这样写第三段,就基本上可以说是达到要求了:

Asauniversitystudent,Ipaymuchattentiontomyphysicalexerciser.IdosomeswimminginSummerandsomeskatinginWinter,Ioftenplaybadmintonandtennis.Imalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inaword,keepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously.

由此看来,切题一事,绝不可掉以轻心。第38页/共132页2。列提纲定局(5分钟)不同的作文题型中,对列提纲的要求也有所不同。在四六级作文考试中,常见的是给出题目和提纲题型,因此只需作者自己能正确有效地去利用已经给出的中文提纲。对提纲材料进行加工、补充、扩展。各段落的展开要根据提纲的来龙去脉进行。尤其要注意确定重点,选准扩充点,将较抽象的内容具体化,阐述透彻。一般说来,英语写作要求一段一个中心。写好主题句(一)引言段:提出中心论点(二)主题段:提出理论和事实依据,或者进行正反两方面的论证(三)结尾段:提出自己的观点或做出结论第39页/共132页例:SmokingIsHarmfultohealth提示:1)吸烟的危害;2)戒烟难的原因;3)如何解决首段(描述问题段):提出问题,指出具体表现。主题句:Smokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.扩展句:leadstodiseases;causesdeaths第40页/共132页中间段(说明原因段):主题导入,展开论述,收尾结论。主题句:difficulttostopsmoking,thefollowingreasons扩展句:foronething,theeffectofnicotine;foranother,nodetermination结论句:moreattentiontostoppingsmoking第41页/共132页结尾段(说明方法段):扩展句:firstly,smokingisforbideninpublicplacesandadvertisementsInaddition,NoTobaccoDay结论句:Ifwefollowthemeasuresmentionedabove,theimpactfromsmokingcouldbeminimizedgreatly第42页/共132页

下面以GlobalShortageofFreshWater(全球淡水紧缺)这篇提纲式作文为例,具体分析该提纲内容是怎样发展、深化的。

1.人们以为淡水是取之不尽的(提示:雨水、河水、井水……);

2.实际上淡水是非常紧缺的(提示:人口增长、工业用水增加、污染……);

3.我们应该怎么办。第43页/共132页根据提纲要求,可以进行如下构思:第一段应解释为什么人们认为淡水是取之不尽的。根据提示,我们可以从降雨丰富、河水和井水等水资源充足方面进行解释。第二段应重点解释导致淡水紧缺的原因,这些原因主要有:人为的浪费、人口增加、工业用水增加、水资源被污染等等。第三段是本文的重点。阐述如何解决淡水紧缺问题时,切忌只简单地写出“Weshouldtakemeasurestosolvetheproblem.”这样空洞的、表态性的句子,而不提出具体的解决方法。只有提出具体的解决方法,才能使文章显得充实,有说服力。根据上面的构思,可以列出下列提纲:第44页/共132页Topic:GlobalShortageofFreshWater

Outline:

I.Itiswidelyassumedthatfreshwaterisinexhaustible.

1.Plentyofrainfall

2.Numerouswells

3.Countlessrivers,fallsandsprings

II.Therearethreecausesforaglobalshortageoffreshwater.

1.Populationgrowth

2.Developmentofindustry&agriculture

3.Waterpollution

III.Measuresshouldbetakentosolvetheproblem.

1.Protectwaterresourcesfrombeingpolluted

2.Savewater

3.Recyclewater&convertseawaterintodrinkablewater.第45页/共132页3.充实提纲,补充细节(20分钟)

拟好了提纲之后,就进入写作阶段。这是一个遣词造句,连句成篇,将不同信息组合排列的过程。写作过程中就是将杂乱无序的字、词、句,通过一些过渡手段将其连接成完整的文章。对构思素材的取舍增补,框架结构的调整,段落、语句顺序的排列,并兼顾各种语法现象。在初稿的写作过程中,一定要注意以所拟定的提纲为指导。1。关键句,衔接词和套句的使用;2。语言的丰富程度(充分秀出自己的”闪光点”,以打动评卷老师的“芳心”)1)适当使用高级词汇,如用“maintain”来代替“think”,“Moreandmore”是一个很普通的词。可改为”anincreasingnumberof“或“agrowingnumberof来代替。作文中这些亮点越多,得分点就越多。句式的变化也是一个得分点。开头要有变化。考生经常以”I““You”开头。可以试试以动名词、分词开头。以状语开头,以形式主语“it”开头。变化产生美。个别句子要复杂化。长句短句相结合。但前提是保证句子基本结构正确;2)适当使用高级语法结构,比如状语从句,定语从句(尤其非限制性定语从句),插入语,分词结构,介词结构等。第46页/共132页4。修改润色(2分钟)其实考生应该在下笔写作的时候就谨慎,仔细,避免错误,但即便这样,错误也是会有的,尤其对于平时缺乏练习的同学来说。那么就需要留几分钟通读一下,检查和改正。注意,要改的是一些语法或拼写错误,而不是作内容上的大的改动。如:人称、时态和数的一致(注意名词,动词词尾标点,拼写,大小写及词组搭配是否正确。换言之,是改一些词或词组,而不是改整个句子或段落,因为那样会造成卷面混乱,导致低分。要想避免内容上的错误,构思时就要想好,落笔时就要谨慎。还有改正错误要注意方式,尽量不要用涂改液或涂改带,以免有作弊嫌疑,也不要在一个词上涂画太多,影响卷面整洁。一般可以用一条斜线划掉错词,然后在其上方写出正确的。第47页/共132页目录一、评分标准二、祛除病句三、穿针引线四、谋篇布局五、锦上添花六、作文类型第48页/共132页锦上添花:句库与闪光点闪光点:1、长短句交叉;2、使用插入语;3、用词准确,多样,形象;4、关键词换用,避免重复;

5、句型使用准确、地道。平时多积累有用的表达方式、句型,尤其是教材中的优美句子。谨记:水平不够者慎用,避免弄巧成拙。第49页/共132页1.适当用被动替换主动,这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用we/I(比如写结尾时不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.)2.善于使用插入语,比如说把副词、连接词however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve等,作插入语放在中间,一般放在主语、动词或者助动词后,两边分别加上逗号。3.一定要学会换词,换形象,具体的替换太宽泛的。(考试中一般不要出现good,bad,many,thing,think,

people,opinion等等)比如上面例子中,applicable替换proper,approaches替换ways,implement替换carryout,sharpenone’scompetitiveedge替换enhanceone’scompetitiveness(提高某物竞争力)第50页/共132页闪光点:替换词

1.individuals,characters,folks替换(people,persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy(美好的),promising(有希望的),perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill(有害的)替换bad

如果bad做表语,可以有belessimpressive替换

eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.4.(anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many,ifnotmost)替换many.

注:用many,ifnotmost一定要小心,many后一定要有词。

Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….同理用most,ifnotall,替换most.5:asliceof,quietafew,several替换some第51页/共132页6.harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthat,itiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat)替think(因为是书面语,所以要加that)7.affair,business,matter替换thing8.shared代common9.reaphugefruits替换getmanybenefits)10.formypart,frommyownperspective替换inmyopinion第52页/共132页11.Increasing(ly),growing替换moreandmore(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词,副词用increasingly.

Eg.sthhasgainedgrowingpopularity.

Sthisincreasinglypopularwiththeadvancementofsth.12.littleifanything,或littleornothing替换hardly13.beneficial,rewarding替换helpful,

14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser,替换customer15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely替换very第53页/共132页16.hardlynecessary,hardlyinevitable...替换unnecessary,avoidable17.sthappealstosb,sthexertsatremendousfascinationonsb替换sbtakeinterestin/sb.beinterestedin18.captureone'sattention替换attractone'sattention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear第54页/共132页21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause.22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth替换..reasonsforsth23.desire替换want.24.pourattentioninto替换payattentionto25.bearinmindthat替换remember第55页/共132页26.enjoy,possess替换have(注意process是过程的意思)27.interaction替换communication28.frownonsth替换beagainst,disagreewithsth29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample替换forexample,forinstance30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,替换nearly/almostimpossible第56页/共132页闪光点:总述

1.Allroseshavethorns.

2.Nogardeniswithoutweeds.

3.Everycoinhas2sides.

4.Everyswordhas2edges.

5.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantages.

6.It'shardtopleaseall.

7.Somanypeople,somanyminds.

8.Greatmindsthinkalike.

9.Oneman'smeatisanotherman'spoison.

10.Throwthebabyoutwiththebathwater.

第57页/共132页11.Admittedly,therearemeritstobothsidesoftheargument.12.Allroseshavethorns.13.Nogardeniswithoutweeds.14.Answersshallfindithardtopleaseall,astheoldsaygoes.15.Astheproverbgoes:"Everycoinhasitstwosides",___isnoexception.16.Astowhetheritisablessingoracurse,however,peopletakedifferentattitudes.17.Atpresent,somepeoplethink____,whileothersclaim____.Bothsideshavetheirmeritsanddrawbacks.18.Consensushasneverbeenreachedonthisissue.19.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantages.第58页/共132页闪光点:“一些人认为”

在作文过程中,我们常需要引用他人和自己的观点,所以,掌握“一些人认为”的各种表达方式很有必要。我们可以把“一些人认为”分解成“一些”、“人”、“认为”三部分,使用不同词汇来组合表达。

“一些”--Some

无数的numerous/myriad(amyriadof)

大量的Agreat/large/huge/(in)considerable/significant/noticeablenumber/amount/quantity/portionof

多半的almost/nearly/some/closeto/approximatelyhalfof

大多的the(vast/overwhelming)majorityof

一些/另一些(抽象意义):some-others,majority-minority

第59页/共132页"人"--people

公众thepublic

各行各业peoplefromallwalksoflife/thecircle/community/walkofeducation

学生examinees/testees/students

特殊人群readers/drivers

支持/反对者followers-objectors,dissenters-consenters

参与者participants/candidates/interviewees"认为"--think

认为assume/argue/hold(theopinion)/claim/suggest/declare/say/assert/state/believe/insist/maintain/doubt/suspectthat

支持give/express/show/demonstrateone'ssupportfor

赞成/反对vote/ballotfor/against

castone'svote/ballotfor/against

sidewith/standonthesideof

接受taketheadvise/followthesuggestion/accepttheopinion/ideathat

意见是one'sviewpointisthat/bewiththeviewthat第60页/共132页"人"--people

公众thepublic

各行各业peoplefromallwalksoflife/thecircle/community/walkofeducation

学生examinees/testees/students

特殊人群readers/drivers

支持/反对者followers-objectors,dissenters-consenters

参与者participants/candidates/interviewees"认为"--think

认为assume/argue/hold(theopinion)/claim/suggest/declare/say/assert/state/believe/insist/maintain/doubt/suspectthat

支持give/express/show/demonstrateone'ssupportfor

赞成/反对vote/ballotfor/against

castone'svote/ballotfor/against

sidewith/standonthesideof

接受taketheadvise/followthesuggestion/accepttheopinion/ideathat

意见是one'sviewpointisthat/bewiththeviewthat第61页/共132页闪光点:理由

在考生论证的过程中,如果只是给出一些诸如“good”、“bad”、“important”之类空洞的词汇,难以得到高分。所以,对于特定的问题,我们应该恰到好处地使用一些相应的理由词汇。虽然作文的题目五花八门、与时俱进,但是总体来说,往往局限于学习工作、娱乐生活、性格态度、环境安全。所以,我们可以针对这方面词汇进行专门的准备。

工作学习

1.昂贵:costly,expensive,lavish,extravagant

2.帮助:helpful,useful,beneficial,think/speak/praisehighlyofsth.,assist,free…from,makecontributionto,doone'sbitto

3.便利:efficiency,convenience,easy,handy,simple,comfortable,ready-to-use,friendlyinterface

4.节省:save/wastetime/money/space/energy,time-consuming,"Livenow,paylater."

5.节约:economical,thrifty/thrift,frugal/frugality

6.经验:socialexperience,enterthesociety,accumulate,inexperienced,green-hand,stepbystep

7.提高:improve,enhance,develop,upgrade,better,perfect,upgrade,advance,makemuchprogress/improvementin…(field)

第62页/共132页性格态度

1.独立:independence,individuality,byoneself,andonone'sownfeet

2.目标:ambition,strategicgoal,aim,realize,dreamscometrue,target

3.能力:competition,capability,ability,proficiency,creativity,tolerance,perseverance,capacity

4.缺点:overbearing傲慢的,arrogant,selfish,dependent,conservative保守的,isolated,self-centered,indifferent,neglect,paynoattentionto,turnablindeyeto,turnacoldshouldertosb.,turnadeafearto

5.团结:cooperate,teamspirit,teamplayer,considerate,thoughtful,sociable,worktogether,jointeffort

6.信心:(self)confidence,convince环境卫生

1.肮脏:dirty,filthy,messy,atsixesandsevens

2.环境:environment,surroundings,workingcondition

3.卫生:publichealth,hygiene

4.污染:pollute,pollutant,poisonous,harmful,contaminate,contaminant

第63页/共132页安全健康

1.安全:insafe,free…from

2.疾病:disease,illness,attack,seriousthreat,spread

3.健康:mental/physicalhealth,physicalwell-being,strong,energetic,keepfit,figure,buildup,loseweight

4.危险:indanger,risk,hazard,harmful娱乐生活

1.放松:relax,takeiteasy,break,rest

2.流行:fashion,chic,popularity,agrowingrealization,moreandmore,inincreasingnumber

3.孤独:lonely,lonesome,allbyoneself

4.快乐:happy,gay,pleasure,joyful,enjoysth.toone'sheart'scontent

5.疲倦:tiredness,boring,fatigue,weary,dull,monotonous,stereotype,sameoldstory

6.闲暇:leisurehours,extra-curriculumactivity,after-school,freetime,available

7.娱乐:entertaining,colorful,interesting,enrich,cultivate,paint第64页/共132页闪光点:路线

对于一些新问题、新现象,考生往往觉得手足无措、不知道如何下手。但是经过分析不难发现,其实我们在改革开放的过程中产生的新事物都可以从四方面进行剖析,即,1.发展路线;2.群众路线;3.当局路线;4.法制路线等路线句型。1.发展路线

Withthedevelopmentoflivingstandard…

Alongwiththepromotion/improvementofscienceandtechnology…

Sincethereformandopening-uppolicyapplied…

第65页/共132页2.群众路线

Allthesocialmembers,shallsay"No!"to…/shallparticipatein

Tmotedby…

Massmediashallplayanactiveroleindoing/keepsb.wellinformedofsth.3.当局路线

Theauthoritiesconcernedshalllosenotimeindoingsth.(putanendto/encourage)

Thelocalgovernmentshalltakemeasuresto(bringsth.undercontrol)

Theconcernedgovernmentdepartmentsshallshouldtheirresponsibilityindoing4.法制路线

Lawsandregulationsshallbeissued…

NPCandLPCoughttoattachgreatimportanceto…第66页/共132页闪光点:数据表达

无论是在阐述观点的过程中还是在图表作文,我们考生都需要对数据进行描述和分析。而数据的描述则是体现出考生语言水平的重要标准。原则上,我们认为单一结构的排比并不能够加强语气,所以,不同的数据表达方式非常重要。这其中倍数、分数、小数、百分比和量化动词是最简单有效的数据表达法。

1.In1980,30%ofruraldwellershaddrinkingwatercomparedwith50%1990.

2.ThestudentsinclassAarethreetimesasmanyasthoseinclassB.

3.Theprofitdoubled/increasethree-foldfromMaytoJune.

4.TheymadetwicetheprofitinJunethaninMarch.第67页/共132页数据表达要点提示:1)先准确判断是说明性质还是议论性质。前者偏重描述,但最终通过评述来表达描绘的目的;后者偏重评述。2)

先直观描述图片/图表以争取思考时间,再充分发挥想象力,总结出产品优点、公司特色、方位特征优势;或者进行根源分析、趋势分析并提出个人见解、建议或意见。3)熟悉常用表达方式:表table/chart曲线图graph直方图barchart饼图piechart图表diagram数字figures统计数字statistics增加/上升increase/rise减少/下降decline/reduction/decrease/drop/fall趋势trend第68页/共132页闪光点:结语

归纳总结、解决问题、或者展望未来,无非是"总而言之","经过分析","不难发现","重申主题"这四步。

1.Allthingsconsidered,aunshakableconclusioncouldbesafelydrawnthat…

2.Asismentionedabove,…

3.Balancingtheadvantagesanddisadvantages/negativeeffectsandpositiveeffectsof…Iintendtostandonthesidethat…

4.Basedontheevidencebeforeme,Iamboundtoaccepttheviewpointthat…

5.Giventhefactorslistedbefore…

6.Iamwiththeviewthat/Iaminclinedtoandonthesidethat/Iwouldliketovotefortheformer/latterideathat/Iprefertheformer/latterviewpointthat…第69页/共132页7.It'ssafetodrawtheconclusion,notdifficulttoreachtheconsensus8.Judgingfromallevidenceavailable,wecanpredictwithconfidencethat…9.Mypersonal/humbleopinion/viewpoint/pointofview/theory/understanding/view/beliefisthat…10.Throughaboveanalysis,…11.Weighingtheprosandconsoftheargument,Iaminclinedtoagreewiththeformer/latter.12.WereItooffermychoice,Iwouldnothesitatetoshowmysupport/votefor…13.Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat14.Asacollegestudent,Iammosteligibletohaveasayinthisdiscussion.15.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthat…16.Sofromwhathasbeen

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