研究生英语精读 李敦之等主编,第二册,第六单元课后答案课件

Week10-11TextA1Lead-inExercisesPassageStudyWritingPractice2Theme-BasedDiscussionLead-inBackgroundInformation3Who,What,When,Where,Whywasthe

DeclarationofIndependence

Written?Who:ThomasJeffersonWhat:TheDeclarationofIndependence.When:July4,1776.Where:InPhiladelphia,PennsylvaniainsideofIndependenceHall.Why:ItwaswrittentodeclaretheirindependencefromBritain.5

ThomasJefferson(April13,1743(April2,1743O.S.)

–July4,1826)wasanAmericanFoundingFatherwhowastheprincipalauthoroftheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence(1776)andthethirdPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1801–1809).AtthebeginningoftheAmericanRevolution,JeffersonservedintheContinentalCongress,representingVirginia.HethenservedasawartimeGovernorofVirginia(1779–1781).BackgroundInformation6BackgroundInformation

Justafterthewarended,frommid-1784Jeffersonservedasadiplomat,stationedinParis,initiallyasacommissionertohelpnegotiatecommercialtreaties.InMay1785,hebecametheUnitedStatesMinistertoFrance.

HewasthefirstUnitedStatesSecretaryofState(1790–1793)duringtheadministrationofPresidentGeorgeWashington.Uponresigninghisoffice,withhisclosefriendJamesMadisonheorganizedtheDemocratic-RepublicanParty.7Theme-basedDiscussion

TopicDiscussion

Video9PassageStudyDetailedStudyTextAnalysis10InCongress,July4,1776

TheunanimousDeclarationofthethirteenunitedStatesofAmericaDetailedStudy1776年7月4日，美利坚合众国13个州的一致宣言。11在有关人类事务的发展过程中，当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的意旨，接受独立和平等的地位时，出於对人类舆论的尊重，必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。咱们国事乱到这般田地，叫咱们不得不跟（英国）皇上分家，自起炉灶，除了老天爷以外，谁也不要管谁，所以这会子总应向大家交个账，说个明白，叫人家懂得这是怎么一回事，别疑心了咱们是在做什么坑崩拐骗蒙的好勾当。13Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreator

withcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.DetailedStudy我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。14“咱们不会歪缠，就是这么几名话。一则，你我大家比起人家都是一只鼻子两只眼睛，不认输谁，说不定比人家还强的多着呢；二则，谁也别想贬却咱们的身分资格；三则，一个人要怎么活就可以怎么活，要怎么玩就可以怎么玩，要到哪儿去就可以到哪儿去，只要不碍着旁人就得了。什么鸟政府不放咱们这样，便是王八蛋。”15DetailedStudy为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。当任何形式的政府对这些目标具有破坏作用时，人民便有权力改变或废除它，以建立一个新的政府；其赖以奠基的原则，其组织权力的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。还有，老百姓要什么政府就可自己做主，不干人家的鸟事。什么政府不给咱们这样就得滚他的蛋，再扶一个出来顶替。17Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses;andaccordinglyallexperiencehathshewn,thatmankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileevilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.DetailedStudy为了慎重起见，成立多年的政府，是不应当由於轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。过去的一切经验也都说明，任何苦难，只要是尚能忍受，人类都宁愿容忍，而无意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。18但是，当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺长期发生，证明政府企图把人民置於专制统治之下时，那么人民就有权利，也有义务推翻这个政府，并为他们未来的安全建立新的保障。DetailedStudyButwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObjectevincesadesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirright,itistheirduty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewguardsfortheirfuturesecurity19DetailedStudy--SuchhasbeenthepatientsufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.——这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况，也是它们现在不得不改变以前政府制度的原因。21ThehistoryofthepresentKingofGreatBritainisahistoryofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpations,allhavingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letfactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld.

DetailedStudy当今大不列颠国王的历史，是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，这些暴行的唯一目标，就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。为了证明所言属实，现把下列事实向公正的世界宣布：

22当今皇上乔治登基以来，政事就是一团糟，谁不服气来同他办交涉，就是一把拳头叫你吃，这还有什么天理么？咱们同他算一下账给你瞧。23DetailedStudyHehasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingimportance,unlesssuspendedintheiroperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem.

Hewon'tevenallowhisownadministratorstopassreallyimportantlawsuntilhegiveshispermission,andwhenhispermissionissought,henevergetsaroundeventoresponding.

25他禁止他的总督们批准迫切而极为必要的法律，要不就把这些法律搁置起来暂不生效，等待他的同意；而一旦这些法律被搁置起来，他对它们就完全置之不理。咱们有什么呈文，非他亲眼瞧过不成，呈文一上去，他却向口袋里一放，装着忘了，你同他提起，只给你一个不睬。26DetailedStudy

HehasrefusedtopassotherLawsfortheaccommodationoflargedistrictsofpeople,unlessthosepeoplewouldrelinquishtherightofRepresentationintheLegislature,arightinestimabletothemandformidabletotyrantsonly.

Hewon'tevenpasslawslotsofpeoplewantunlesstheygiveuptheirpricelessrightof

governmentalrepresentation--arightonlytyrantsworryaboutpeoplehaving.

27Hehascalledtogetherlegislativebodiesatplacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromthedepositoryoftheirPublicRecords,forthesolepurposeoffatiguingthemintocompliancewithhismeasures.DetailedStudyHehasmadeitsodifficultforlegislatureseventomeetthatbythetimetheydo,theyaresotiredtheyarewillingtopasswhateverhewants.29他把各州立法团体召集到特别的、极不方便的、远离政府档案库的地方去开会，其唯一的目的就是使他们疲于奔命，不得不顺从他的旨意。他叫议会到那儿岭外天边三家村上去开会，乐得没人肯去，让他去一意横行霸道。30HehasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyfirmnesshisinvasionsontherightsofthepeople.

DetailedStudy他屡次解散各州的议会，因为这些议会曾坚定不移地反抗他对人民权利的侵犯。Hegetsridoflegislatorswhostanduptohimwhenhetreatspeopleunfairlyandcriminally.Hegetsridoflegislatorswhostanduptohimwhenhetreatspeopleunfairlyandcriminally.议员去找他，说什么好歹，他就是一溜不见，送他们回家。31Hehasrefusedforalongtime,aftersuchdissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativepowers,incapableofAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoallthedangersofinvasionfromwithout,andconvulsionswithin.他在解散各州议会之后，又长期拒绝另选新议会；但立法权是无法取消的，因此这项权力仍由一般人民来行使。其实各州仍然处于危险的境地，既有外来侵略之患，又有发生内乱之忧。议院封了，要叫开又不肯开，政事没人管，成个无法无天的天下。32HehasendeavouredtopreventthepopulationoftheseStates;forthatpurposeobstructingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirmigrationshither,andraisingtheconditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.他竭力抑制我们各州增加人口；为此目的，他阻挠外国人入籍法的通过，拒绝批准其它鼓励外国人移居各州的法律，并提高分配新土地的条件。他哄人家不要来咱们十三州。谁要来，也不让有报纸看，人家一看也不肯来了，就是来了，也不给田地，不得不回去，有的索性就不来。33HehasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciarypowersDetailedStudy他拒绝批准建立司法权力的法律，藉以阻挠司法工作的推行。

他跟法官通同作弊，就不肯出钱多用几个官吏，人家有案子，三年两载还不见个动静，不发下来，只好认倒霉空手回去。

34Hehasmadejudgesreliantonhimfortheirjob,theircontinuingemployment,andtheirincomesandpaychecks.

DetailedStudy他把法官的任期、薪金数额和支付，完全置于他个人意志的支配之下。

法官有什么不顺从他的意旨，就得滚蛋，官俸又不发，叫他们先来孝敬老天爷，不然也别想拿一个大。35HehaserectedamultitudeofNewOffices,andsenthitherswarmsofOfficerstoharrassourpeople,andeatouttheirsubstance.他建立新官署，派遣大批官员，骚扰我们人民，并耗尽人民必要的生活物质。

他滥设了许多新的官职，派了大批的官吏到这边来箝制我们的人民，并且蚕食我们的民脂民膏。

高兴起了，就添了什么司什么员，安排一些不见经传的人小，钱向咱们老百姓腰包里拿，不管你情愿不情愿。36Hehaskeptamongus,intimesofpeace,StandingArmieswithouttheConsentofourlegislatures.DetailedStudy他在和平时期，未经我们的立法机关同意，就在我们中间维持常备军。一个好好的太平天下，养了一大班丘八，惊扰百姓，咱们怎么抗议也没用。37HehasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryindependentofandsuperiortotheCivilpower.DetailedStudy他力图使军队独立于民政之外，并凌驾于民政之上。

他放着这些丘八作恶为非，横行霸道，不挂腰刀的人只好听他们排比。38

Hehascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoajurisdictionforeigntoourconstitution,andunacknowledgedbyourlaws;givinghisAssenttotheirActsofpretendedLegislation:DetailedStudy他同他人勾结，把我们置于一种既不符合我们的法规也未经我们法律承认的管辖之下，而且还批准他们炮制的各种伪法案：

他放贪官污吏到处作孽，一朝权在手，无恶不作，干起以下的事来：39ForQuarteringlargebodiesofarmedtroopsamongus:以便任其在我们中间驻扎大批武装部队；叫一些毫无用处人人讨厌的丘八驻扎民家里

Forprotectingthem,byamockTrial,frompunishmentforanyMurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheInhabitantsoftheseStates:不论这些人对我们各州居民犯下何等严重的谋杀罪，他可用假审判来庇护他们，任其逍遥法外

；丘八杀人，便做个圈套，放他们逍遥法外。40ForcuttingoffourTradewithallpartsoftheworld:他可以切断我们同世界各地的贸易

；管人家的事。

ForimposingTaxesonuswithoutourConsent:未经我们同意便向我们强行征税；征苛捐杂税，也不问一问咱们缴的税项有个缴税的道理没有。41Fordeprivingusinmanycases,ofthebenefitsofTrialbyJury:在许多案件中剥夺我们享有陪审制的权益；把人捉将官里去，人家要叫百姓陪审，不让陪审。FortransportingusbeyondSeastobetriedforpretendedoffences以莫须有的罪名把我们押送海外受审；

把人无端赶出国外，事案是此地发的，叫人家到天边海外去受审。42ForabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglishLawsinaneighbouringProvince,establishingthereinanArbitrarygovernment,andenlargingitsBoundariessoastorenderitatonceanexampleandfitinstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteruleintotheseColonies:他在一个邻省废除了英国法律的自由制度，并建立专制政府，扩大其疆域，使其立即成为一个样板和合适的工具，以便向这里各殖民地推行同样的专制统治；放几个坏蛋充我们邻国的官员，慢慢的扩展，希望有一天把咱们也吞下去，同他们一般腐败。把宪法当做把戏，人人说好没人说坏的法律，他偏取消，让他一人去瞎干。43FortakingawayourCharters,abolishingourmostvaluableLawsandalteringfundamentallytheFormsofourGovernments:他取消我们的许多特许状，废除我们最珍贵的法律并从根本上改变我们各州政府的形式；把宪法当做把戏，人人说好没人说坏的法律，他偏取消，让他一人去瞎干。44ForsuspendingourownLegislatures,anddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithpowertolegislateforusinallcaseswhatsoever.他终止我们立法机构行使权力，宣称他们自己拥有在任何情况下为我们制定法律的权力。

他把议院关了门，就象他一个人独干比别人干得好。现在一不做二不休，索性跟咱们开战，咱们还认什么皇上，做什么臣子？45HehasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydeclaringusoutofhisProtectionandwagingWaragainstus.他放弃设在这里的政府，宣称我们已不属他保护之列，并向我们发动战争。他宣布我们已不属他保护之列，并对我们作战，从而放弃了在这里的政务。他宣布我们不在其保护范围之内并且对我们作战，这样，他就已经放弃了在这里的政权了。

46Hehasplunderedourseas,ravagedourcoasts,burntourtowns,anddestroyedthelivesofourpeople.他在我们的海域大肆掠夺，蹂躏我们沿海地区，焚烧我们的城镇，残害我们人民的生命。他把城也烧了，人也杀了，比狗还不如，在海上还要兴师问罪。47HeisatthistimetransportinglargeArmiesofforeignMercenariestocompletetheworksofdeath,desolation,andtyranny,alreadybegunwithcircumstancesofCruelty&Perfidyscarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousages,andtotallyunworthytheHeadofacivilizednation.他此时正在运送大批外国佣兵来完成屠杀、破坏和肆虐的勾当，这种勾当早就开始，其残酷卑劣甚至在最野蛮的时代都难以找到先例。他已完全不配当一个文明国家的元首。

他雇些荷兰杂种来打咱们，教他们只要打得过咱们，可以随意抢掠，什么万国公法都不顾了。48HehasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstakenCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArmsagainsttheirCountry,tobecometheexecutionersoftheirfriendsandBrethren,ortofallthemselvesbytheirHands.他在公海上俘虏我们的同胞，强迫他们拿起武器来反对自己的国家，成为残杀自己亲人和朋友的刽子手，或是死于自己的亲人和朋友的手下。

咱们自己人在海上给他捉去，不管愿意不愿意，就迫着拿起枪把杀咱们同胞。49Hehasexciteddomesticinsurrectionsamongstus,andhasendeavoredtobringontheinhabitantsofourfrontiers,themercilessIndianSavageswhoseknownruleofwarfare,isanundistinguisheddestructionofallages,sexesandconditions.他在我们中间煽动内乱，并且竭力挑唆那些残酷无情、没有开化的印第安人来杀掠我们边疆的居民；而众所周知，印第安人的作战规律是不分男女老幼，是非曲直，一律格杀勿论的。

他唆使印第安生番，给他们枪火，教他们打死咱们的男女老少。

50IneverystageoftheseOppressionsWehavePetitionedforRedressinthemosthumbleterms:OurrepeatedPetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedinjury.APrince,whosecharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,isunfittobetherulerofafreepeople.在遭受这些压迫的每一阶段，我们都曾以最谦卑的言辞吁请予以纠正。而我们一次又一次的情愿，却只是被报以一次又一次的伤害。一个君主，当他的品格已打上了暴君行为的烙印时，是不配作自由人民的统治者的。在他施行这些高压政策的每一个阶段，我们都曾经用最谦卑的词句吁请改革；然而，我们屡次的吁请，结果所得到的答复却只是屡次的侮辱。一个如此罪恶昭彰的君主，其一切的行为都可以确认为暴君，实不堪做一个自由民族的统治者。51“每回他这样干，咱们就不服同他反抗，每回咱们不服同他反抗，他还是照旧这样干下去。一个人老是这样蛮横不讲理，还有什么身分，就是不配来管咱们有身分失，应当滚蛋。”52NorhaveWebeenwantinginattentionstoourBritishbrethren.Wehavewarnedthemfromtimetotimeofattemptsbytheirlegislaturetoextendanunwarrantablejurisdictionoverus.我们不是没有顾念我们英国的弟兄。我们时常提醒他们，他们的立法机关企图把无理的管辖权横加到我们的头上。“咱们向英国人讲理，总是不得要领。差不多天天咱们忠告他们，他们那边那些官僚违法越权，侵犯咱们。53Wehaveremindedthemofthecircumstancesofouremigrationandsettlementhere.Wehaveappealedtotheirnativejusticeandmagnanimity,andwehaveconjuredthembythetiesofourcommonkindredtodisavowtheseusurpations,whichwouldinevitablyinterruptourconnectionsandcorrespondence.我们也曾把我们移民来这里和在这里定居的情况告诉他们。我们曾恳求他们天生的正义感和雅量，念在同种同宗的分上，弃绝这些掠夺行为，因为这些掠夺行为难免会使我们之间的关系和来往中断。咱们老同他们讲，咱们是谁，咱们在做什么事，咱们为什么过海而来。咱们同他们讲公道，告诉他们，如果长此下去，咱们有一天要自己做自己打算，他们才知道利害。

54Theytoohavebeendeaftothevoiceofjusticeandofconsanguinity.Wemust,therefore,acquiesceinthenecessity,whichdenouncesourSeparation,andholdthem,asweholdtherestofmankind,EnemiesinWar,inPeaceFriends.可他们对这种正义和同宗的呼声也同样充耳不闻。因此，我们不得不宣布脱离他们，以对待世界上其他民族的态度对待他们：同我交战者，就是敌人；同我和好者，即为朋友。但是越和他们讲理，越无理可讲。可以见得他们不跟咱们一伙儿，就是同咱们为难，咱们就得同他们拚个高低，打完了再做道理。

55We,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheunitedStatesofAmerica,inGeneralCongress,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheworldfortherectitudeofourintentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegoodPeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlypublishanddeclare,因此，我们，在大陆会议下集会的美利坚联盟代表，以各殖民地善良人民的名义，并经他们授权，向全世界最崇高的正义呼吁，说明我们的严正意向，同时郑重宣布；

因此，咱们决定，咱们代表十三州府的百姓在议会上议决：

56ThattheseunitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobeFreeandIndependentStates,thattheyareabsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpoliticalconnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreatBritain,isandoughttobetotallydissolved;这些联合一致的殖民地从此是自由和独立的国家，并且按其权利也必须是自由和独立的国家，它们取消一切对英国王室效忠的义务，它们和大不列颠国家之间的一切政治关系从此全部断绝，而且必须断绝；咱们合众国就是以前的十三州府，从此以后是自由国，照理就早该如此；咱们不认皇上，同他一刀两断，再也不听英国人的吩咐；

57andthatasFreeandIndependentStates,theyhavefullPowertolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodoallotherActsandThingswhichIndependentStatesmayofrightdo.作为自由独立的国家，它们完全有权宣战、缔和、结盟、通商和采取独立国家有权采取的一切行动。咱们既然自由，自由国能干什么咱们就能干什么，尤重要的是宣战、议和、营商等等。58—AndforthesupportofthisDeclaration,withafirmrelianceontheprotectionofDivineProvidence,wemutuallypledgetoeachotherourLives,ourFortunes,andoursacredHonor.我们坚定地信赖神明上帝的保佑，同时以我们的生命、财产和神圣的名誉彼此宣誓来支持这一宣言。

咱们拿圣经罚咒，大家一心一力，有首有尾，不顾利害，不论成败，不计吉凶，就是财破人亡，到断头台上，还是这样做去。59TheInfluenceofTheDeclarationofIndependence60DomesticInfluenceDeclarationdeclaredtheindependenceof13coloniesinNorthAmericafromBritain,whichmarkedthebirthofUnitedStatesofAmerica,thereupon,declarationisoneofthemostimportanthistoricaldocuments(TheArticlesofConfederationandThe1787FederalConstitution).61DomesticInfluenceDeclarationlaidthemassbasefortherevolution.Mobilizedalltherevolutionaryforces.InspiredthefightingspiritofNorthAmericanpeople.BecametheflagofindependenceforNorthAmericans.Promotedthevictoryofthewar.“Wemustallnowhangtogether,orwewillallsurelyhangseparately’”62DomesticInfluenceDeclarationlaidtheideologicalbasisfortherevolution.(Liberty,EqualityandSovereigntyofthePeople.)Negatedthefeudalhierarchyandtheabsolutelytyranny.NegatedthelegalityabouttheBritishruletocolonies.CrystallizedthoughtsofadvancedpeopleinNorthAmerica.Guidingandinspiringinfluenceonthewar63DomesticInfluenceDeclarationinfluencedthefutureofAmerica.“Allmenarecreatedequal’’asthebasicprincipleofnations,aspeople'sbeliefsandideal,haveinfluencedgenerationbygeneration.Whethertoabolishsegregationortoimprovethestatusofwomen,peoplewilltakeDeclarationastheweapon.(IHAVEADREAM)64InternationalInfluenceRevolutionaryspiritTwofirstsDestroyedthetheoreticalfoundationoffeudalismDeclarationinfluenceddirectlyontheFrenchRevolution,promotedthestruggleofanti-feudalisminEuropean,andindependencemovementinLatinAmericaandAsia.65InternationalinfluenceInfluenceonotherproclamationsConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesProclamationofIndependenceoftheDemocraticRepublicofVietnamIHaveaDream66InternationalinfluenceForChina,thedemocraticandrepublicthoughtswereacceptedbybourgeoisenlightenmentthinkers,whichlaidtheideologicalbasisforbourgeoisrevolutionandthenpromotedChina’snationalliberationmovement.67stableWordStudye.g.Riceisthestaplefoodofmorethanhalftheworld’spopulation.Astaplefood,product,oractivity

Astorageroome.g.PoliticalreportinghasbecomeastapleofAmericanjournalism.68onthevergeof

WordStudye.g.TheRussians,hewasinstructed,weredecayedtheFrenchdegeneratetheBritishonthevergeofcivilwar.onthevergeofdeathOnTheVergeOfCollapsee.g.

Hisownranksareturningagainsthimandhisgovernmentisonthevergeofcollapse.69bringforthWordStudyComeintobeing;producee.g.1)Hebroughtforthaproblemforourdiscussion.

2)Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.70nucleusWordStudythecentralpartofanatomorcellise.g.1)Neutronsandprotonsareboundtogetherinthenucleusofanatom.2)MattCummingsandJeffersonformthenucleusoftheteam.asmallgroupofindispensablepersonsorthings

71rejectWordStudydonotaccept;refuse;attackanddestroyatransplantedorgane.g.1）Therejectionofsuchinitiativesbynomeansindicatesthatvotersareunconcernedabouttheenvironment.2）Bepreparedforlotsofrejectionsbeforeyoulandajob.

3）Itwasfearedhisbodywasrejectingakidneyhereceivedinatransplantfouryearsago.72

fool-proofWordStudye.g.Isthereonefool-proofstrategythatwillguaranteethevictoryoftheteam?proofagainsthumanmisuseorerror;notliabletofailuree.g.Afool-proofdesign;afool-proofsystem73

miscarryWordStudyUnsuccessful;failede.g.1)He'sveryartfulbutsometimesmiscarries2)Mylettershavemiscarried.3)Shemiscarriedinthethirdmonthofherpregnancy.

74implication

WordStudybyimplication

e.g.1)TheAttorneyGeneralwasawareofthepoliticalimplicationsofhisdecisiontoprosecute.thingsthatarelikelytohappenasaresult2)Nowhisauthorityand,byimplication,thatofthewholemanagementteamareunderthreatasneverbefore.3)Theseideasandtheirpsychologicalandmoralimplicationsrunthroughhisfiction.752)Shehadconceivedtheideaofaseriesofnovels,eachofwhichwouldrevealsomeaspectofChineselife.

conceiveWordStudy

imagineorbelievesthe.g.1)Ijustcan'tevenconceiveofthatquantityofmoney.

thinkofaplanandworkouthowitcanbedone

conceivesachild

e.g.3)Womenshouldgiveupalcoholbeforetheyplantoconceive.76clamorWordStudymakelouddemandsinanoisyorangrywaye.g.1)Tpelsomeonetodosthbyinsistentclamoring

e.g.2)Thecitizensclamoredthemayorintobuildinganewpark77irrespectiveWordStudy

inspiteofeverything;withoutregardtodrawbackse.g.“Irrespectiveofwhetheryouwantmoney,youshouldhavecontrolofthecompanyforthesakeofthemission,”hesays.e.g.Irrespectiveoftheeventualoutcome,however,thecasehasfar-reachingimplicationsforthefinancialreformlegislationCongressisconsidering.78

resorttoWordStudytohavetodoanactioninordertoachievesthe.g.1)Theskiresortsareexpandingtomeetthegrowingnumberofskiersthatcomehere.dosomethingas/inalastresorte.g.2)Internationaldisputesshouldbesettledonpeachbasis,withoutresortingtotheuseorthreatofforce79ponderWordStudye.g.2)itisnecessaryforustoponderuponthisphenomenonandtoexplorethestrategyfortheconstructionofyouthcultureunderthecontextofpost-modernism.reflectdeeplyonasubject

e.g.1)Heponderedoverthedifficultiesinvolved.80ExercisesReadingComprehension

Vocabulary

ClozeTranslationClozeClozeCloze81Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsyouhavelearnedinthetextwithoutreferringtheoriginal.Thefirstletterforeachwordisgiven.(1)Itisthepeoplewhoe______thesovereignwiththeauthoritytorepresentthemontheirbehalf.Vocabularyndow

82(2)

Withcourage,wecanconqueradversity.Withm___________,wecantolerateunhappyrelationships.Vocabularyagnanimity(3)Histeamusedamethodcalledt__________genesilencingtochangethegeneticstructureofthethreemosquitospeciesresponsibleforspreadingmalaria.ransient834)Nowitisbecomingclearthatsomeofthepresident’sclosestcolleaguesdonotsharehispersonalfrugalityandpublicr________.Vocabularyectitude5)Ateachstop,IhaveemphasizedpresidentObama’smessagethatourstrategyworkingwithyoumaybeinanewphase,butwep_______ourfullandcontinuingcommitmenttoIraqandtheIraqipeople.etition846)It'saninventionofab_________agewhichablindandignorantpopulationwillacceptonlytoitsownvexation,hindrance,andconstraint.Vocabularyarbarous7)Thismeanstheinternetwillberegulatedmorethroughasetofclearrulesandlesswitha_____,intransparentdecisions.buse858)Onaccountofyourhealth,youmuste________toshiftoffthecareofyourchildren.Vocabularyndeavor9)Theirageandexperiencee_____oldpeopletotherespectofyoungpeople..ntitle86Fillintheblankswiththewordsyouhavelearnedinthetext.Thefirstletterforeachwordisgiven.10)Thedata,however,donotconsistentlyshowthatlowadolescentself-esteemcausesorevencorrelateswiththea________ofalcoholorother.Vocabularyddiction87Chooseanappropriatewordfromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachwordcanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.Clozeadvanceunhappyfavorbattlealthoughvarioustraditioneffortcomposeincludedifferencedraftunrestalarmbananniversarycommemoratecoloniesheadrebellion

88

IndependenceDayisthenationalholidayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(1)________________thesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependencebytheContinentalCongressonJuly4,1776,inPhiladelphia,Pmemoratingcolonies

AtthetimeofthesigningtheUSconsistedof13(2)_______undertheruleofEngland’sKingGeorgeIII.89

Asthe(3)_________grewinthecolonies,KingGeorgesentextratroopstohelpcontrolany(4)___________.In1774the13coloniessentdelegatestoPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniatoformtheFirstContinentalCongress.Thedelegateswere(5)__________withEngland,butwerenotyetreadytodeclarewar.

unrestrebellionunhappy90

InApril1775astheKing’stroops(6)_________onConcordMassachusettsPaulReverewouldsoundthe(7)________that“TheBritisharecoming,theBritisharecoming”asherodehishorsethroughthelatenightstreets.The(8)________ofConcordandits“shotheardroundtheworld”wouldmarktheunofficialbeginningofthecolonieswarforIndependence.advancedalarmbattle91ThefollowingMaythecoloniesagainsentdelegatestotheSecondContinentalCongress.Foralmostayearthecongresstriedtoworkoutits(9)_________withEngland,againwithoutformallydeclaringwar.ByJune1776their(10)_______hadbecomehopelessandacommitteewasformedto(11)_________aformaldeclarationofindependence.(12)__________byThomasJefferson,thecommittee(13)__________JohnAdams,BenjaminFranklin,PhilipLivingstonandRogerSposedifferenceeffortsHeadedincluded92ThomasJeffersonwaschosentowritethefirst(14)_____whichwaspresentedtothecongressonJune28.After(15)________changesavotewastakenlateintheafternoonofJuly4th.Ofthe13colonies,9votedin(16)_______oftheDeclaration,2-PennsylvaniaandSouthCarolinavotedNo,DelawareundecidedandNewYorkabstained.favourdraftvarious93And(17)________thesigningoftheDeclarationwasnotcompleteduntilAugust,the4thofJulyhasbeenacceptedastheofficial(18)___________ofUnitedStatesindependence.ThefirstIndependenceDaycelebrationtookplacethefollowingyear-July4,1777.Bytheearly1800sthe(19)__________ofparades,picnics,andfireworkswereestablishedasthewaytocelebrateAmerica’sbirthday.Andalthoughfireworkshavebeen(20)_______inmostplacesbecauseoftheirdanger,mosttownsandcitiesusuallyhavebigfireworkdisplaysforalltoseeandenjoy.althoughanniversarytraditionsbanned94A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Translation95TheDeclarationofIndependence:DraftedbyThomasJeffersonbetweenJune11andJune28,1776,theDeclarationofIndependenceisatoncethenation’smostcherishedsymboloflibertyandJefferson’smostenduringmonument.Here,inexaltedandunforgettablephrases,JeffersonexpressedtheconvictionsinthemindsandheartsoftheAmericanpeople.

《独立宣言》是托马斯·杰斐逊于1776年6月11日至6月28日之间起草的，《宣言》很快成了全美国最宝贵的自由的象征和杰佛逊最不朽的作品。在宣言中，杰佛逊用崇高和难忘的语言,表达了美国人民的心中的信念。96ThepoliticalphilosophyoftheDeclarationwasnotnew;itsidealsofindividuallibertyhadalreadybeenexpressedbyJohnLockeandtheContinentalphilosophers.WhatJeffersondidwastosummarizethisphilosophyin“self-evidenttruths”andsetforthalistofgrievancesagainsttheKinginordertojustifybeforetheworldthebreakingoftiesbetweenthecoloniesandthemothercountry.

《独立宣言》的政治哲学并非首次提出,在此之前，约翰·洛克和大陆会议的代表们早已提出崇尚个人自由的理想。杰弗逊只是概括这一“不言自明的真理”哲学,并历数英王乔治三世的罪行以向世人证明殖民地人民早该摆脱英国的统治。97（2）TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1)但是，许许多多的国旗还在欧洲飘扬，边境依然剑拔弩张，大批军队正在屯积新的装备。(amultitudeof)

ButamultitudeofflagsstillwaveinEurope,withthefrontiersstillexasperatingandgreatarmiesaccumulatingfreshstoresofeq