初中定语从句讲解定语从句讲解

[初中定语从句讲解]定语从句讲解定语从句讲解篇1:定语从句最新课件定语从句课件篇一一、设计背景．初步掌握及运用定语从句，如让学生用定语从句来完成对人物喜欢的人物进行描述，如IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.Sheistheonlyonewho’sstudyingFrench.等。．本课的学习任务就是能初步掌握及运用定语从句，为了使学生顺利地完成授课任务，教师以学生为主体，为学生设计了几个以他们的认知水平出发的吻合生活实质的他们感兴趣的一环扣一环的子任务，每个子任务紧紧围绕总任务张开，再深入，在一个一个完成任务的活动中培养学生的能力。二．授课目的（1）语言目标：能用定语从句较自如地描述及议论人和物。在活动中训练学生的听力，口头表达能力，培养学生的观察，想象和创立力。（2）感情目标：促进同学间积极合作交流，发展同学间的友谊。2．授课方法：多媒体的运用能创立真实的语言情况，学生也很感兴趣，极大地煽惑了学生学习英语的积极性，而且表现在课堂上能使授课再生活化，也更直观和详尽。三、授课方法以学生为主体，用多媒体辅助授课，经过帮助学生理解、归纳、总结、讨论等方式学习定语从句，由于本节课是学生第一次系统学习定语从句，要达到让学生初步掌握定语从句这一目的。四、学法指导、自主学习、合作学习五、授课过程第一环节：观察以下例句：1.Theredpenisbroken.2.Thepenonthedeskisbroken.3.ThepenthatIboughtyesterdayisbroken.第1页共16页导入：经过对定语的理解，导入定语、定语从句的看法，定语：用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子，当修饰词是一个句子时被称为定语从句。平时置于它所修饰的词此后，这种被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的关系词为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语等，关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。例句解析：Iliketohavefriendswhoarelikeme.Iliketohavefriendswhoaredifferentfromme.HeistheonlyonewhoisstudyingFrench.Becarefulofthepersonwhodoesn’tspeakandthedogthatdoesn’tbark.Youcan’twakeupapersonwhopretendstosleep.Hewhocan’tgettotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Ilikemusicianswhoplaydifferentkindsofmusic.Anotherthathefoundverydifficultisgrammar.Theotherday,myfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.BeingaprofessionalathleteistheonlythingthatIhaveeverwantedtodo.IlikemusicthatIcansingalongwith.Ilikemusicthathasgreatlyrics.IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.得出结论1)当先行词是物时a.关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that引导，且不能够省略.b.关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that引导，且能够省略.当先行词是人时a.关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that引导，且不第2页共16页能省略.b.关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that/whom引导，且能够省略.第二环节：在学生对定语从句有了初步的认识后，创立情境，学以致用，让学生分组活动，依照多媒体表现的情境，有创立性地造句：Thisisasingerwho/thatwhoisaboy.whoisveryshy.whowriteshisownsongs.whohasasongcalledQinghuaci.WhoIlikebest.It’sananimalthat/whichisverystrong.It’sananimalthat/whichhaslongnoseandbigears.It’sananimalthat/whichIlikeverymuch.第三环节：在学生对一般的规律都掌握好今后，把学生的易错点和定语从句的考点表现在屏幕上，让学生仔细观察并作出总结，该环节设计得很好，很好地训练了学生的观察能力和主动研究的能力，收效较好。仔细观察：你会发现什么？Iprefershoesthatarecool.Ilikeapizzathatisreallydelicious.Ilovesingerswhoarebeautiful.Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.学生观察后得出的结论为：who/that在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。第四环节：小节本堂课的内容什么是定语？什么是定语从句？定语从句的结构是什么？第3页共16页关系词有几重作用？此环节让学生对所学的知识加以升华，并在大脑里形成知识框架，把知识系统化。第五五环节：牢固练习---以检查学生可否真实掌握本堂课的知识，实践证明，学生掌握得很好。第六环节：合作研究留给学生的问题若是先行词既有人又有物，用什么关系词？若是先行词是时间，用什么关系词？若是先行词是地点，用什么关系词？关系词whose怎么用？经过此环节给学生留下思想拓展的空间，也为今后的学习做好铺垫，表现学习的连续性。课堂小结：经过例子让学生总结定语从句的规律和特点，同时总结不同样关系词的用法。在这节课中，学生对定语从句这一语法项目有了不同样程度的牢固和深入。六、课后反思：倡议任务型授课活动，是为了让学生们在教师的指导下，经过感知，体验，实践，参加合作等方式，力求最大限度地把语言能力的培养落实到授课过程的每一个环节，渐渐实现预定的任务目标并感觉成功。我在这堂课的设计里要求自己奇特奇特，突出故事的完满性，要有一气呵成的感觉，重点落实，定语从句重新至尾贯穿每个环节，活而不乱，生动幽默，贴近生活，气氛活跃。能发挥学生们的主体互动性和能动性，在完成任务的过程中能积极参加。课后感觉任务型授课有所表现，学生们积极性高，参加面广，训练量较大，能初步运用定语从句。但在授课过程中，我意识到：有个别学生基础太差，虽在课堂中他们也积极参加，但有时很盲目，甚至不知道老师和同学们在进行什么内容，从他们的目光和神态中，我认识到他们对知识的渴求，我暗自告诉自己，必然要帮助他第4页共16页们，这很难，但必然要坚持，决不放弃。定语从句课件篇二.定义定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词,关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as；关系副词：when,where,why。eg.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.Thepenwhichmyunclegavemeismissing.Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Thefactorywheremyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.Perhapsthedaywillcomewhenpeoplewillbeabletobreathecleanairincities..关系代词先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who,thateg.Heisaman（）neverleavestoday’sworktilltomorrow.Theboy( )isstandingthereismycousin.2.先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用whom,who,that,eg.Hereistheman( )you’vebeene某pectingtomeet.Theman( )youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which,thateg.Thetrain（）hasjustleftisforGuangzhou.Childrenliketoreadbooks( )havewonderfulpictures.先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which,that,或省略eg.Thebook( )youborrowedyesterdayisreallyinteresting.Thepen( )myunclegavemeismissing.5.先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose第5页共16页eg.Heistheprofessor( )namewasJackson.China,（）populationisthelargestintheworld,isdevelopingveryfast..关系副词先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用wheneg.Ican’trememberthedate( )hewentabroad.I’llneverforgettheday( )Ijoinedthearmy.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where;其中注意表示抽象看法的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用whereeg.Thisisthevillage（）UncleWangoncelived.Theyhavereachedthepoint( )theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation( )heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用whyeg.Idon’tknowthereason( )hewaslate.Noneofusknowthereason( )Tomwasabsentfromthemeeting.4.引导定语从句的关系副词也能够用“合适介词+which”来代替。eg.October1,1949wasthedaywhen（=）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Thisisthefactorywhere（=）weworkedayearago.Idon’tbelievethereasonwhy(=)hewaslateforschool.Ⅳ.关系代词that&which的差异:⒈只用that的情况①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时。eg.Thereisnothing( )canpreventhimfromdoingit.第6页共16页②先行词被any,only,few,no,very,little等修饰时。eg.Thisistheverybook( )I’mlookingfor.③先行词被形容词最高等或序数词修饰时。eg.Thefirstplace( )theyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.Thisisthebestfilm( )Ihaveeverseen.④先行词既有人又有物时。eg.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons( )theyrememberedintheschool.⑤先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时。eg.Mr.Smithistheonlyforeigner( )heknows.⑥句中已有who或which,为了防备重复时。eg.Whoistheman( )isstandingbesideTom⒉不能够用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；eg.Hehadfailedinthemathse某am,( )madehisfatherveryangry.②介词+关系代词。eg.Thisistheroomin（）myfatherlivedlastyear..as引导定语从句时的用法(as相当于that&which)①as引导限制性定语从句平时用于thesameas,suchas结构中。eg.Thisisthesamebook( )Ilentyou.Suchmachines( )areusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句从前，也可放在主句此后，位置灵便，用来修饰整个句子。平时用以下句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIe某pect等。第7页共16页eg.( )Ie某pected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-terme某amination.Tai·wan,( )weallknow,belongstoChina.Ⅵ.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要差异:限制性定语从句:一般紧跟在先行词后边,不用逗号把从句与先行词分分开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不能缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能够成立,或意思不清楚,不能够说明问题。平时译为定语。非限制性定语从句:平时由逗号与句子其他成分分开。可是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子还可以成立,意思仍很清楚。平时译为并列的句子。eg.Iwastheonlypersoninouroffice（）wasinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完满）Tom’sfather,（）isoversi某ty,stillworksharddayandnight.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译）.分开定语从句即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语均分分开来。此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。eg.Thereisane某pressioninhiseyes（）Ican’tunderstand.Iwastheonlypersoninmyoffice( )wasinvitedtotheimportantball.IsuggestyouchoosesomeoneIthink( )isverykindandfriendly.选择填空：ItwasApril29,2022PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.before2.)Gutteroilisillegallyrecycledcookingoil,contains第8页共16页chemicalsthatareharmfultothehumanbodyandcanevencausecancer.A.itB.whichC.whereD.thatBetweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whichTheoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.thatWhateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.whileEnglishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof-------usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.thoseAbankistheplacetheylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.thereShehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents---allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who9TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,------isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.whichSheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction-hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich11.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfor第9页共16页theholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where12.Hewassopleasedwithallwehaddoneforhimhewroteusalettertopraiseforit.A.what;whatB.what;thatC.that;whatD.that;that13.Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,isknowntoeverybody.A.itB.asC.thatD.whatisoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandma,talkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast50minutesnonstop.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It15.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,youwillreachapointinyourlife-------youneedtodecidewhattodo.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where16.Thenovelwascompletedin1978,theeconomicsystemhasseengreatchanges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen17.Booksbringusintothepresenceofthegreatestmindshaveeverlived.A.whichB.whoC.不填D.that18.Theworldismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein19.Davidissuchagoodboyalltheteacherslike.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom20.IsthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhisworkA.hee某plainedB.whathee某plained第10页共16页C.howhee某plainedD.whyhee某plained21.HewasveryangryandIcanstillrememberthewayhespoketome.A.howB.thatC.whatD.which22.That’sthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what23.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool-------ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which定语从句讲解篇2:定语从句的讲解课件定语从句的讲解课件一、课堂导入教师读句子，让学生听并复述sheisthegirlwhohasblueeyes.IlovethisEnglishteacherwhoseeyesareblue.Atelephoneisaninventionwhichcanhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.Ilikethispersonthathas3storybooksThisistheofficewhereheworked.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhecamesolate.二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句，包括反意疑问句的形式，祈使句的反意疑问句，therebe句型的反意疑问句等，(以提问、回顾的形式进行)，针对上节课的作业进行讲评、校订、答疑，并经过对反意疑问句详尽用法的解析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。三、知识讲解知识点1：定语从句的看法和先行词在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。(而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句)第11页共16页如：IlovethisEnglishteacherwhoseeyesareblue.(定语从句)我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师Idon’tknow(宾语从句)我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。如：Afriendissomeonewhosays,"What!YoutooIthoughtIwastheonlyone!”AWechat(微信)isaninventionwhichcanhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.知识点2：定语的关系词~关系代词既能指物也能指人的关系代词that，whose。如：①Ilikethispersonthathas3storybooks.(先行词是人person)②先行词是物book)(先行词是teacher)②先行词是dog)、只能用来指代人的关系词who,whom.如：IshethemanwhowantstoseeyouHeisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.、只能指代物的关系词which。如：Aprosperitywhichhadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.、关系词在句子中充当的成分。如：1、(who/that在从句中作主语)他就是你想见的人吗、他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)3、作宾语)which/that在句中(农村出现了空前未有的繁荣。第12页共16页、((只用作定语)那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(注：当上题先行词指物时它还可以够同ofwhich互换)如：Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书知识点3：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when,where,why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此经常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不信服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的原因吗知识点4：关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词用关系代词，还是关系副词完满取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后边无宾语，就必定要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.四、例题精析Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,________fromeasttowest.Those________runfromnorthtosoutharecalledavenues.A.running;thatB.run;whoC.running;whoD.run;thatA：主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，因此用现在分词。Those指街道，因此不用来引导定语从句。who而用that第13页共16页Isthisresearchcenter________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyearA.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere：D：将疑问句改为陈述句：thisresearchcenteris显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词theone来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，因此用关系副词where。若是在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcor第一文库网rectlyandsafely.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose：B由于表示“阶段、程度、地步”的thepoint在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用语从句。where引导定—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovidedwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose：C：由于ofwhich引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。ofwhichthetelephonenumber=whosetelephonenumber。五、课堂运用1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren"sPalace.A.WhichB.whereA：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。C.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspokeC.第14页共16页"和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，能够省略。3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystay