2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-文学与艺术类

文学与艺术类1、Manyofuslistentomusicwhilewework,thinkingthatitwillhelpustoconcentrateonthetaskathand.Andinfact,recentresearchhasfoundthatmusiccanhavebeneficialeffectsoncreativity.Whenitcomestootherareasofperformance,however,theimpactofbackgroundmusicismorecomplicated.Theideathatlisteningtomusicwhenworkingisbeneficialtooutputprobablyhasitsrootsinthesocalled“Mozarteffect”.Putsimply,thisisthefindingthatspatialrotationperformance（空间旋转能力）isincreasedimmediatelyafterlisteningtothemusicofMozart,comparedtonosoundatall.Howsoundaffectsperformancehasbeenthetopicofresearchforover40years,andisobservedthroughaphenomenoncalledtheirrelevantsoundeffect.Tostudyirrelevantsoundeffect,participantsintheresearchareaskedtocompleteasimpletaskwhichrequiresthemtorecallaseriesofnumbersorlettersintheexactorderinwhichtheysawthem.Thetrickythingisbeingabletodothiswhileignoringanybackgroundnoise.Twokeycharacteristicsoftheirrelevantsoundeffectarerequiredforitsobservation.First,thetaskmustrequirethepersontousetheirrehearsalabilities（复述能力），andsecond,thesoundmustcontainacousticalvariation（声学变化）.Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions.Theirrelevantsoundeffectitselfcomesfromattemptingtoprocesstwosourcesoforderedinformationatthesametim-onefromthetaskandonefromthesound.Unfortunately,onlytheformerisrequiredtosuccessfullyperformtherecalltask,andtheeffortinensuringthatirrelevantorderinformationfromthesoundisnotprocessedactuallyhinders^碍）thisability.Asimilarconflictisalsoseenwhenreadingwhileinthepresenceoflyricalmusic.Inthissituation,thetwosourcesofwords—fromthetaskandthesound—areinconflict.Thecostispoorerperformanceofthetaskinthepresenceofmusicwithlyrics.Whatthisallmeansisthatwhetherhavingmusicplayinginthebackgroundhelpsorhindersperformancedependsonthetaskandonthetypeofmusic,andonlyunderstandingthisrelationshipwillhelppeoplemaximizetheirproductivitylevels.“Mozarteffect”ismentionedto.explainhowmusiccanrelaxpeopleshowmusiccanimproveperformanceadvisepeopletolistentoMozartmusicstressMozartmusicgainswideattentionItcanbeinferredthatparticipantsintheresearch.haveimprovedtheirrehearsalabilityperformbetterinthequietconditionsignorethebackgroundnoisesuccessfullypreferthemusicwithgreatsoundvariationParagraph6iswrittento.supportanideamakeacontrastintroduceatopicdescribeafactWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?MusicshapesyourlifeMusicdevelopsyourcreativityChoosequietmusicforyourworkDoesmusicmakeyouconcentrate?2、Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool,slessonsateverygradelevel.Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,likepayingattentionandfollowingdirections.Peopledevelopalltheseskillswhentheylearnmusic.Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.Itprovidesstudentswithachancetotryouttheirownideas.Musicnotonlymakeschildrenbetterstudents,butalsogivesthemsomethingpositivetodo.Inamusicprogram,childrencanbepartofabandinsteadofjoiningagang（团伙）.Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren,smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.Inaschoolband,studentsgettobepartofateam.Theycangetalongwellwitholdfriendsandmakenewfriendsthroughmusic.Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.Itgiveschildrenasenseofachievementandsuccess.Makingmusicissomethingforthemtobeproudof,anditletskidspracticeperforminginfrontofanaudience.Musicgiveschildrenanopportunityforself-expression,andthathelpsdeveloptheirself-confidence.Inaword,musicisimportantbecauseitcanmakechildrenbetterstudents,givethemsomethingpositivetodo,andbuildtheircharacter.Thatiswhymusicshouldbeofferedineverysinglegradeineveryschool.l.Accordingtothepassage,musiccouldmakestudentssmarterby.A.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandpayingattentionB.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandimaginationC.improvingtheirattention,directionandimaginationD.learningmusic,makingmusicandtryingouttheirownideas.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gluedto”inthesecondparagraphmean?A.Unwillingtoturnon.B.Alwayslooking.C.Unwillingtoleave.D.Alwaysplaying..Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthatmusiccould.A.givechildrenself-expressionandself-confidenceB.bringtochildrenachievementandsuccessC.givechildrensomethingtobeproudofD.developchildren'sself-confidence4.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.MusicisamustasacourseatschoolB.Musicbuildschildren'sself-confidenceC.MusicmakesstudentsmuchsmarterD.Learningmusicandmakingmusic3、AuldLangSyneisasongthateveryonedrunkenlysings,whichmarksthestarttoabrandnewyear.Nooneeverseemstoknowthewords(somethingaboutforgettingoldacquaintances?)orwhattheymean(whywouldwewanttoforgetpeople?),but,inAmerica,it'sasmuchapartofNewYears,traditionaswine.Butwhy?Thelyrics(歌词)tothesongcomefromapoemwrittenbythegreatScottishpoetRobertBumsin1788.ItstitleisbelievedtobeanoldScottishwayofsaying“alongtimeago.’‘Phraseslike“Inthedaysofauldlangsyne”alsoappearinotherScottishfairytalesandpoems,usuallyasawayofsaying“OnceUponaTime.”Whileitstillcausesconfusion,itisbelievedthattheopeninglinesofthesongaremeanttoberhetorical(夸张的)；“Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgotten,andneverbroughttomind?Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgotten,andauldlangsyne?”thereforemeansweshouldhaveadrinkinhonorofwhateverispassing,andrememberoldfriends.WhentheScotsimmigratedtoAmericainthe19thcentury,theybroughtthesongwiththem.ButitsgreatpopularitycanbelargelyduetotheCanadianbandleaderGuyLombardo.In1965,heexplainedhowhehimselfcametoassociatethesongwiththeendoftheyeartoLifemagazine:“AuldLangSyneiscurthemesong-andwaslongbeforeanyoneeverheardusontheradio.InourparticularpartofwesternOntario,wherethere'salargeScottishpopulation,itwastraditionalforbandstoendeverydancewithAuldLangSyne.Wedidn,tthinkitwasknownhere.Ifyouwanttoseethesingerinaction,checkouthisfinalperformanceontheeveof1977,afterperformingfor48yearsinarow..HowmightpeoplefeelwhenfirsthearingthesongAuldLangSyne?A.Confused.B.Moved.C.Energetic.D.Comfortable..WhydopeoplesingAuldLangSynewhenNewYeariscoming?A.Tohopeforgoodluck.B.TocelebratetheNewYear.C.InhonorofRobertBums.D.Inmemoryofthepast..WhyisGuyLombardomentionedinthetext?A.HecreatedthesongAuldLangSyne.B.HemadethesongAuldLangSynemorepopular.C.HebroughtthesongAuldLangSynetoAmerica.D.HewasthefirsttosingthesongAuldLangSyne..Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatdoesAuldLangSyneMean?B.WhoMakesAuldLangSynePopular?C.HowdoesAuldLangSyneComeintoBeing?D.WhydoPeopleSingAuldLangSyneonNewYearEve?4、Inthe19thcenturythenovelcameintoitsown.Thousandsuponthousandsofnovelswerepublished.Ofthosenovels,veryfewarerememberedtoday.However,thereareexceptions:theworksofJaneAuster一PrideandPrejudice（《傲慢与偏见》），SenseandSensibility《理智与情感》） forexample.TheyachievedonlymodestsuccessatfirstbutgrewandgrewinfameC名声）andreputation.HowdidJaneAustenbecomesopopular?Ofcourse,thenovelsareromantic^漫的）.EveryoneknowsthelovestoryofMrDarcyandElizabethBennett（inPrideandPrejudice）,andhowtheyovercometheirownprideandprejudicetolivehappilyeverafter.TheloversarealmostasfamoustodayasRomeoandJuliet.ButthereismoretoAustenspopularitythanthefactthatshewroteaboutlove.Thebooksarevery亚1廿丫（机智的）andironic（讽刺的），andshowagreatunderstandingofsocietyandofpeople.PrideandPrejudiceopenswithwhatmusthethemostfamoussentenceintheEnglishnovel:"Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged（认可），thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife."Thetruth,ofcourse,istheopposite:wealthy,unmarriedyoungmenareextremelyattractivetoyoungwomen.Andwomen—especiallypenniless身无分文）ornear-pennilessones—arethesubjectsofAusten'stales.WomennowadaysmaybemoreequaltomenthantheywereinJaneAusten,sday.However,asensethatwomenstillbasicallyliveinaworlddominate控制）bymenensuresthatAustenstillhasmanykeenreaders..Whatisthepointofthearticle?A.TodescribethestatusofwomeninJaneAusten,stime.B.TopromoteJaneAusten,snovelsamongteenagers.C.ToexplorethecharacteristicsofJaneAusten'snovels.D.ToanalyzewhyJaneAusten,snovelshavesuchalavStingappeal..Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraph?A.JaneAustenwroteatotaloffournovelsinherlifetime.B.Mostofthenovelswritteninthe19thcenturyareromances.C.JaneAustenisoneofthemostsuccessfulnovelistsofthe19thcentury.D.JaneAustensnovelswereahitwhentheywerefirstpublished.3.Accordingtothearticle,mostoftheheroinesinAusten'sworks.A.arepoorandyoungB.arehappilymarriedC.marrywealthymenD.arepennilessbutwitty4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadeJaneAusten,sworkssopopular?a.Theyaremostlylovestories.Mostofthemhaveahappyending.Theyarefullofwitandirony.Peoplecanstillrelatetothemtoday.Theyexplainhowtosucceedinamale-dominatedsociety.A.a,b,cB.a,c,dC.c,d,eD.b,c,e5、SalvadorDali（1904-1989）wasoneofthemostpopularmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities无限）.“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge,contractionndexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras,”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida..WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Optimistic.B.Productive.C.Generous.D.Traditional..WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessfulscreenadaptation.C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebeatTVprogrammes..HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject..Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.6、WelcometotheVanGoghGalleryforinformationaboutthelifeandworkofVincentvanGogh.Asapostimpressionistpainterandoneofthemostfamousartistsofalltime,VincentvanGoghhasbecomeamodel.FromgrowingupinHollandindworkingasapastor（牧师），movingtoFranceandcreatinganunbelievablecollectionofartwork,thissitetakesanin-depthlookatVanGogh,slife,hisworkandtheinfluencehehashadonourculture.VanGoghhadmanyinfluencesonhislifeincludinghisfamilyandfriends,otherartistssuchasEdgarDegas,andhishealth.ToseehoweachoftheseaffectedhislifepleasevisittheImportantFigures,ArtisticInfluencesandHealthsections.ForinformationabouthowVanGogh,sarthasinfluencedoursocietytoday,viewtheImpactonArt,CulturalReferences,orNewssection.IfyouareinterestedinaddingmoreVanGoghtoyourlife,theVanGoghGalleryhasplentytooffer.DownloadVanGoghimagesofsomeofhismostfamouspaintingsaswallpaperforyourcomputer,shopforVanGoghpostersorprintsprcheckoutsomeoftheadditionalresourcesavailableincludinglinkstoVanGoghmuseumsandshows.ThereareevenlessonplansfrommultidisciplineareasforthoseinterestedineducatingothersaboutVanGogh,sartandlife.VanGoghhasinfluencedgenerationsofyoungartistsworldwidesincehistime.Todaywecanseehisinfluenceinpainting,inpoetryandinvideo.WearehappytodisplaynewexamplesofartthatwereinfluencedbyVanGoghinourVanGoghCommunityArtsection.Tragically,VanGoghdiednotknowingthepraisehisartwouldreceive.Hewillbeforeverknownasoneofthegreatestartistsofthemodernera.Throughthiswebsite,theVanGoghGalleryaimstosharehislifeandheritagewiththeworld.l.What'sthefunctionoftheVanGoghGallery?A.TocollecttheartworksofVanGogh.B.Torecallpeople'smemoryofVanGogh.C.Tocollectexperts'opinionsonVanGogh.D.Toprovideinformationabouttheartist'slifeandwork..WhatinformationcanyougetattheCulturalReferences?A.Howhebeganhiscareerasapastor.B.HowthosearoundVanGoghaffectedhislife.C.Howheinfluencedhisfamilyandhisfriends.D.HowVanGoghhasinfluencedtoday'ssociety..WhatcanweinferaboutVanGoghfromthepassage?A.Hisartworksweren'twellreceivedduringhislifetime.B.Heonceworkedasamodelforpainterstomakealiving.C.Hispaintingswerewidelyusedaswallpapersforcomputers.D.Peoplewidelyappreciatedhisartworksduringhislifetime..Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.learnaboutVanGogh'slifeB.welcometotheVanGoghGalleryC.VanGogh'sinformationonyoungerartists.D.Welcometoanunbelievablecollectionofartworks.答案1、1.B;2.B;3.A;4.D解析：B.词句猜测题.根据文章第二段Theideathatlisteningtomusicwhenworkingisbeneficialtooutputprobablyhasitsrootsinthesocalled“Mozarteffect".可知工作时听音乐有利于输出的观点，可能源于所谓的〃莫扎特效应〃.由此可见，提到〃莫扎特效应〃，表示音乐可以提高演奏水平.故选B.B.推理判断题.根据文章第四段Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions,可知如果声音在声学上变化不大，则任务的执行更接近于在安静条件下观察到的情况.由此可见，可以推断，研究参与者在安静的环境中表现更好.故选B.A.推理判断题.根据文章第六段Asimilarconflictisalsoseenwhenreadingwhileinthepresenceoflyricalmusic.Inthissituation,thetwosourcesofwordssfromthetaskandthesoundsareinconflict.Thecostispoorerperformanceofthetaskinthepresenceofmusicwithlyrics.可知在有抒情音乐的情况下阅读也会出现类似的冲突.在这种情况下，任务和声音中的两个词源是冲突的.成本是在有歌词的音乐的情况下，任务的表现较差.由此可见，此段内容是为了证明上面观点，故选A.D.标题判断题.根据文章大意，本文主要讲述了音乐能否提高人们的注意力和生产力，本文通过实验进一步研究“声音效应”对性能的影响.由此可见，Doesmusicmakeyouconcentrate?符合题意，故选D.2、1.B;2.C;3.D;4.A解析：1.文章大意:音乐在学生的成长过程中其作用不容忽视,是学校必须的一门课程。细节理解题根据第一段第二句"Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.”第三句“Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,…”和第五句”“]^卜血8musicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.”可知B正确。.猜测词义题父母能够享受听他们的小孩玩音乐的乐趣而不是看见他们不乐意离开(unwillingtoleave)电脑或电视屏幕。根据语境推测判断C为正确答案。.段落大意题根据第三段首句“Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.”音乐也构建自信(主题句)可知D为正确答案。.标题概括题第一段第一句"Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool,slessonsateverygradelevel.”即本篇文章的主题句。根据概括标题需遵循“征对性、概括性、醒目性”的原则可知A为最佳答案。3、1.A;2.D;3.B;4.D解析：1.推理判断题。根据前面三段的内容可知，当人们听到歌曲AuldLangSyne时似乎没人知道歌词表达的是什么意思。第二段说明了歌词的来历。第三段第一句”.Whileitstillcausesconfusion,itisbelievedthattheopeninglinesofthesongaremeanttobe…”可知现在人们仍然还有点迷惑。而选项A中的Confused就是文中的名词confusion的词性转换。由此可知A项符合题意。.推理判断题。根据第三段中的thereforemeansweshouldhaveadrinkinhonorofwhateverispassing,andrememberoldfriends.”可知，这意味着我们喝一杯酒来纪念过去的一切,记住老朋友。.细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句"ButitsgreatpopularitycanbelargelyduetotheCanadianbandleaderGuyLombardo.”可知，它的大受欢迎很大程度上是因为加拿大乐队指挥GuyLombardoo.主旨大意题。第一段叙述是一首大家都喜欢的歌，但大家都对此不了解,最后一句提出了问题but,inAmerica,it'sasmuchapartofNewYears'traditionaswine.Butwhy?”接着对其作了解释,在新年时唱起它,是为了纪念过去的一切,记住老朋友。D项可概括文章的主旨。4、1.D;2.C;3.A;4.B解析：1.主旨大意题.A项是说描写简•奥斯汀时代妇女的地位，这只是她的作品的一个特点，并非主旨大意;本文不是推销书籍,所以B项错误;本文旨在分析英国作家简•奥斯汀的写作特点,而这恰恰是她的作品受世人欢迎的原因;而不是C项探索她的小说特点。所以选Do2.推理判断题。根据第一段内容十九世纪出版了成千上万的小说可现在很少被人记得。但是简•奥斯汀的作品是个例外。还有根据最后一句"Theyachievedonlymodestsuccessatfirstbutgrewandgrewinfame（g声）andreputatioru”可排除D项，故答案选C。.细节理解题。从第四段"Andwomen-especiallypennil