大学英语语法与练习

基本句型SVC结构

SV和SVO结构

SVOiOd结构SVOCo结构基本句型

（BasicSentencePatterns）MissJonesisasecretary. SVC(主——系——表)

Theflowersareblooming. SV(主——动)

Wallshaveears. SVO(主——动——宾)

Themotherwillbuythegirladress. SVOiOd(主——动——间宾——直宾)

Theparentsconsiderthechildagenius(天才). SVOCo(主——动——宾——宾补)BackSVC结构

连系动词(LinkVerb) become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn等表示“变得”、“成为”的动词，如：Tom’swishhascometrue.Therivergrowswider.Theweatherturnedcold. continue,hold,keep,lie,remain,stand,stay等表示“保持着某一状态”的动词，如：

Themilkremainedfreshforaweek.Theweathercontinuedwarm.Johnstoodloyaltohisfriend. appear,look,seem等 表示“看起来”、“好像”的动词，如：Thehouseappearslarge.Yoursisterseemedunwell. feel,smell,sound,taste等 表示“实感”的动词，如：Yoursentencesoundsright.Theappletastes

sour(酸的). 注：上面有些动词用作及物动词或不及物动词时，其词 义有变化。试比较：Thechildisgrowingrapidly.(不及物动词，“生长”)Mother

growstomatoesforus.(及物动词，“种植”)Iamgrowingimpatient.(连系动词，“渐渐变得”)EXERCISEFillintheblankswiththeverbsgivenbelow: looked remain sounds became seem appeared

Honestly,hisstoryhardlytruetome.Youshoulddresswarmlybecausetheweatherforecastsaystheweatherwillcoldforthenextfewdays.Hob’snewneighboursverypleasant.Lastnightthecolourofstarsredbecausetherewasalotofhumidity(湿度)intheair.Afterhestoppedworking,hisphysicalconditionworse.Thestudentinthebackrowsleepy.sounds

______remain______seem_____appeared________became_______looked______Suppliesareshort.(turning,running,seeming)Onlyafewapplesfreshforseveralmonths.(turned,became,remained)Tomdesperateinfrontofthelockeddoor.(felt,turned,fell)Hedesperatelyinallhispocketsforthekey.(fell,grew,felt)AtthePresident’sentryeveryonesilent.(fell,felt,looked)Fillintheblankswithappropriateverbs,andtranslatethesentencesintoChinese:running______remained_______felt___felt___fell___供应快完了。只有少数苹果几个月后仍然新鲜。汤姆站在锁着的门前一筹莫展。他拼命地在所有的口袋里寻找钥匙。看到校长进来，全场鸦雀无声。Thisrulegoodatalltimes.(grows,looks,holds)Thesoles(鞋底)ofhisshoeshavethin.(become,worn,stayed)TheroadnorthtoLondon.(becomes,continues,gets)Relationsbetweenustobestrained(紧张).(feel,fall,continue)Youshouldyoureducation.(remain,keep,continue)holds_____worn____continues________continue_______continue_______此规则任何时候都有效。他的鞋底已磨薄。这路向北延伸至伦敦。我们之间的关系会依然紧张。你应继续受教育。TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish:1. 他的祖父终身贫穷。

2. 昨天我母亲发高烧，今天她感到好多了。3. 天气继续晴朗。4. 昨晚我一躺下就睡着了。5. 我母亲彻夜未睡。6. 我担心这音乐不够悦耳。7. 这孩子越长越胖。Hisgrandfatherremainedpoorallhislife.Mymotherhadahighfeveryesterday.Todayshe’sfeelingmuchbetter.Theweathercontinuedfine.LastnightIfellasleepassoonasIlaydown.Mymotherstayedawakeallnight.Iamafraidthemusicdoesn’tsoundsweet.Thechildisgrowingfatter.BackSV和SVO结构

及物动词(TransitiveVerb)和不及物动词 (IntransitiveVerb)英语有些动词只能用作及物动词，如enjoy,ignore,complete等；有些动词只能用作不及物动词，如arrive,struggle,vanish等；多数动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，例如：Suddenlytheprocession

stopped. (SV结构，stopped为不及物动词)Thepolicestoppedtheprocession. (SVO结构，stopped为及物动词)几个词形相似容易混淆的及物动词和不及物动词 lay/lie,raise/rise,shine/shine这几个动词不但原形近似，变形也容易混淆。列表比较如下：vt.vi.lay(laid,laid,laying)Ann

laidthebookonthedesk.lie(lay,lain,lying)Thebookislying

onthedesk.raise(raised,raised,raising)Thefarmerraisedthepriceofvegetables.rise(rose,risen,rising)Pricesarerising.shine(shined,shined,shining)(使光亮)Ishinedmyshoesyesterday.shine(shone,shone,shining)(发光，发亮)Ipolishedmyshoestilltheyshone.BackEXERCISE

Circlethecorrectoneofthetwowordsinthebrackets:一、 Thedifficulty(laid,)inthelackoftime. Youcansitonthatbigrockthatis(,laying)onthebankoverthere. We(lay,)theblameonourselves. Herethecoal(,lays)nearthesurface. Havethey(lain,)enoughstressonthesepoints? Joewas(,laying)inthesunwhileJackwas(lying,)bricks.1lay23456lyinglaidlieslaidlyinglaying二、 Ifhertemperature(,raises),callthedoctor. Robert(,rose)animportantquestionwhenhe(raised,)tospeak. Thesunhadalready(raised,)beforeTomandJane(raised,)thismorning. Nooneexpectedthetideto(,raise)sohigh. Beyondthispointtheroad(,raises)sharply. Ifthecostofliving(raises,),thecompanywill(,rise)thewages.123456risesraisedroserisenroseriserisesrisesraise三、 Themoon(shined,)intomyroom. Hereyes(shined,)withexcitement. She(,shone)thesilverlongbeforetheguestsarrivedfordinner. Thepolishedsurface(shined,)inthesun. Heoften(,shone)hisshoesbeforegoingout. Happiness(shined,)fromherface.123456shoneshoneshinedshoneshinesshoneBackSVOiOd结构

SVOiOd结构的语序一般应是“S+V+Oi+Od”。间接宾语后移时，必须在它的前面加to，for等介词。例如：Anngaveabeautifuldolltoherdaughter.Annmadeabeautifuldollforherdaughter.间接宾语后移时，间接宾语前加介词的情况加介词to表示间接宾语是动作的接受者。例如：

Iwilltellthenewstotheminister’ssecretary.

适用于这一情况的动词有:assign,award,bring,cause,deliver,deny,feed,give,grant,guarantee,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,promise,read,recommend,render,rent,sell,send,serve,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write等。加介词for表示间接宾语是动作的受益者。例如：

Shecookedthreemealsadayforthewholefamily.

适用于这一情况的动词有：bake,boil,book,build,buy,cash（兑现）,change,choose,cook,cut,do,find,fix,fry,get,grow,knit(编织)，leave,make,mix,order,paint,peel,play,post,pour,prepare,reserve,save,spare等。BackSVOCo结构常用于SVOCo结构中的动词有： appoint,believe,call,catch,choose,consider,declare,elect,fancy,feel,find,hear,imagine,judge,keep,know,leave,make,name,need,nominate(任命，指派)，prefer,prove,see,select,suppose,think,vote等。EXERCISEFillineachblankwithanappropriatewordorphrasegivenbelow: mediumoverfreeattentivespeechlessacapableman tobereliableonthepointofdeath(as)economicadviserrepairedimmediately mild smokingintheplaygroundDicksetthecagedanimals.ThegrouphasappointedMrJones.Iprefermysteak(牛排).Thechairmanhasdeclaredthemeeting.free_______(as)economicadvisermedium_____________________________over_____

MrBarker’sskillontheplatform(讲台)cankeepanyaudience.IknowJane.Becauseheoftenfailedtocompletehisassignments,noneofusthoughtJack.Lyinginbedwithaseverestomachache,Davidimaginedhimself.Theboy’ssharpremarklefttheteacher.Ateachercaughtthem.Iwantthiswatch.Ifindtheclimatehe