外研社选修七module主语和表语从句

GrammarMembersoftheSentence主语：Subject谓语：Predicate表语：Predicative宾语：Object宾补：ObjectComplement定语：Attributive同位语：Appositive状语：Adverbial简单回顾：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能单独成句。但它也有主语和谓语，一般由连接词引导。复合句：EnglishComplexSentencesAdverbialClauses(状语从句）AttributiveClauses（形容词性/定语从句）NounClauses（名词性从句）复合句分类：NounClausesSubject（主语）Object（宾语）Predicative（表语）Appositive（同位语）Clause（从句）名词性从句分类：定义:在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。作用:在复合句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。所以，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句SubjectClauses

主语从句主语从句就是句子的主语是由句子来充当的。1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分Examples:1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.（是否）

Howwecanhelpthetwins

willbe

discussedatthemeeting.

重难考点连接词“三姐妹”语序问题很注意thatwhat要分清如何后置it帮忙ConjunctionsofSubjectClauses:连词连接代词连接副词what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever)that,whetherwhen,where,how,why,because（状语）连接词“三姐妹”1．

引导主语从句的连接词有三类：

(1)

连词that、whether

：Whether

he’ll

come

here

isn’t

clear.

Thathewillsucceediscertain.WhetherIcanpassthedrivingtestremainsunknown.连词that和whether在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，that无词意，而whether意为“是否”。What

she

did

is

not

yet

known.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.注：连接代词和连接副词

在主语从句中作成分，有词义，起连接作用。(2)

连接代词who(谁，主格),

whom(谁，宾格),

whose(谁的，定语),

what(什么，主宾语),

which(哪个),

whoever,

whatever,

whichever等

3)

连接副词

where(在哪里),

when(什么时候),

how(怎样，怎么，多么),

why(为什么)等。

How

this

happened

is

not

clear

to

anyone.

Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltisstillamystery.2.主语从句后置!

为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.

例:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--3.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.

It+be+形容词(obvious,

true,

natural,

surprising,

good,

wonderful,

funny,

possible,

likely,

certain,

probable,

etc.)+that从句。如：It

is

certain

that

she

will

do

well

in

her

exam.

ItisnecessarythatallofusshouldstudyEnglishwell.

B.

It+be+名词词组(no

wonder,

an

honour,

a

good

thing,

a

pity,

no

surprise,

etc.)+that从句。如：

It’s

a

pity

that

we

can’t

go.

用it作形式主语的结构C.

It+be+过去分词+that从句(said,

reported,

thought,

expected,

decided,

announced,

arranged,

etc.)+that从句。如：

It

is

said

that

Mr.

Green

has

arrived

in

Beijing.

Itisorderedthatthepatientshouldbeoperatedonimmediately.D.

It+seem,

appear,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句:显然；明显；碰巧…。如：

It

happened

that

I

was

out

that

day.

E.

It+doesn’t

matter

(makes

no

difference,

etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：

It

doesn’t

matter

whether

she

will

come

or

not.

C.

It+be+过去分词+that从句D.It+seem,

happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句:似乎…,碰巧…。E.

It+doesn’t

matter

(makes

no

difference,

etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句此三类结构中主语从句不可提前：用主语从句完成句子1._____________________(她赢了这场比赛)madeusveryhappy.2.________________(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3.__________________________(她是否来)doesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改写)______________________________________5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改写)______________________________________ThatshewonthegameWhatisneededWhethersheiscomingornot

Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.

Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.

PredicativeClauses

表语从句特别注明如何判断表语：表语表述主语的特征，状态和身份，直接跟在be动词或是连系动词（如seem,look等）之后的成分就是表语。2.

表语从句的结构表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有：1.be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2.feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3.stand,lie,remain,keep,stay4.become,get,grow,turn,go,come,ve,turnout

连接词：that/whether/as/asif/

as

though(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which

/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/

because注：主语从句的连接词都可用于表语从句

3.连接词ExamplesThequestionis

whetherwecanrelyon

him.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyat

thattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.6.Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic

阁楼.4.表语从句的特殊句型That‘sbecause…和That’swhy…

均是表语从句，区别在于“That‘sbecause…”指原因或理由，“That’swhy”则指由于各种原因所造成的结果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.That’sbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.Hehadseenthefilmbefore.That’swhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.

填空:Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why或者because引导。意思为“原因是…”。句型结构为：

Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….

Thereasonisthat……Eg.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrain.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.that5.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令、请求、要求含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，request,plan，idea等。如：

Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.Theirproposalisthattheyshouldbuildanewfactoryintheirhometown.Thedemandisthatthecomposition(should)bewrittenononesideonly.Myadviceisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.

1.Whereshallwespendtheholidayisn’tdecided.2.Youhavemadeamistakeisafact.3.Thatiscertainthatwecanwin.4.Nomatterwholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.5.Ifthepolicemenwillcomeisnotcertain.weshallThatyouhaveItisWhoeverwhether改错练习名词性从句改错1.Ifheisfitforthejobisunknowntoall.2.Thisisclearthatitismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.3.Thathetoldusatthegatewasqu