《研究生学术英语读译教程》课件Unit 5 Triple Package of Personality Traits

Tigermother:AmyChuaThisbestsellingparentingmemoirgeneratesalotofpublicity.Anarticlepublishedundertheheadline"WhyChineseMothersAreSuperior"in

TheWallStreetJournal

onJanuary8,2011,containedexcerptsfromherbook,inwhichChuadescribeshereffortstogiveherchildrenwhatshedescribesasatraditional,strict"Chinese"upbringing.

Infact,itisamisunderstandingthatChuawasadvocatingthe"superiority"ofaparticular,verystrict,ethnicallydefinedapproachto

parenting.Inanycase,Chuadefines"Chinesemother"looselytoincludeparentsofotherethnicitieswhopracticetraditional,strictchild-rearing,whilealsoacknowledgingthat"Westernparentscomeinallvarieties,"andnotallethnicallyChineseparentspracticestrictchild-rearing.Inherbook,Chuareportedthatinonestudyof48Chineseimmigrantmothers,thevastmajority"saidthattheybelievetheirchildrencanbe'thebest'students,that'academicachievementreflectssuccessfulparenting,'andthatifchildrendidnotexcelatschoolthentherewas'aproblem'andparents'werenotdoingtheirjob.'"Chuacontraststhemwiththeviewshelabels"Western"

–thatachild's

self-esteem

isparamount.Tough-love/AuthoritarianParenting

&

HelicopterParentsintheWestHelicopterparentspayextremelycloseattentiontotheirchild'sorchildren'sexperiencesandproblems,particularlyateducationalinstitutions.Theyrushtopreventanyharmorfailurefrombefallingthemandwillnotletthemlearnfromtheirownmistakes,sometimesevencontrarytothechildren'swishes.Theyaresonamedbecause,likehelicopters,theyhovercloselyoverhead,rarelyoutofreach,whethertheirchildrenneedthemornot.Discussion&

SearchreadingDiscussinpairs:Doyouthinktough-loveparentingislinkedtoone’sacademicsuccess?Whatfactorscanexplainone’ssuccess?Chance?

SkimthetexttofindoutabouttheauthorGrewal’sopinion.SearchReadingExaminethetitlecloselyandthenquicklygothroughthetextforrelevantinformation.FinishExerciseII.Drill

ReadandSummarizeKeyfeaturesofasummaryItisshorterthanthesource.Itrepeatstheideasofthesourceindifferentphrasesandsentences.Tips&Tricks:GuidelinesforSummarizing

Trycreatingtwocolumnsonapieceofpaper:oneforimportantinformation,andonefortrivialinformation.Organizeyourthoughtsonthispage,andtrytoonlyincludeimportantinformationinyoursummary.Thebestsummariesareusuallyonlyaparagraphlong,clearandtothepoint.

SummaryFormatAsummaryessayshouldbeorganizedsothatotherscanunderstandthesourceorevaluateyourcomprehensionofit.Theintroduction(usuallyoneparagraph)Containsaone-sentencethesisstatementthatsumsupthemainpointofthesource.Alsointroducesthetext(title,author,etc.)Thearticlewrittenbywhomisconcernedwithwhat.Thebody(oneormoreparagraphs)Includesimportantpoints.Includesoneormorekeyexamplesorillustrations.Donotincludeyourownideas.Thereiscustomarilynoconclusion.Donotaddyourownconcludingparagraph.ChecklistIsitclearwhatisbeingsummarized?Isthethesisoftheoriginalessayclearinthesummary?Ifyouhavereadtheoriginalsource,didyouidentifythesamethesis?Isanykeypointmissing?Isthereanyofthesummarizer’sownopinions?Isthereanyunimportantdetails?Isthereanypointinthesummarywhereyouarelostbecauseatransitionismissing?Let’sreadthetext,takenotesandevaluatesummaries.(ExerciseV.)SummaryIntroThearticlewrittenbywhomisconcernedwithwhat.In“…”,who(theauthor)doeswhat.SummaryIntroThearticlewrittenbywhomisconcernedwithwhat.In“…”,who(theauthor)doeswhat.In“”,D.G.explains/discusses/introduces…AmyChua’striplepackagethesis/hypothesisHowitisrefutedbyscience/twoscholars…Paragraphs1-3Keypoints DetailsParagraphs1-3Keypoints (whose)claiminBattleHymnoftheTigerMother(whose)claiminTheTriplePackage:HowThreeUnlikelyTraitsExplaintheRiseandFallofCulturalGroupsinAmericaHarshoppositionagainstwhat.DetailsValueanecdotes.Examplesoftheirtheoryatwork.Paragraphs1-3

ExampleWork

Chua,theauthorofthebookBattleofHymnoftheTigerMother,assertsthatherparentingwayswerenotonlyrepresentativeofChineseimmigrants,butgaveareasonwhyChineseAmericans,onaverage,havebeenbetteratstudythanotherethnicgroups.Threeyearslater,sheandherhusband,TedRubenfeld,wroteabookthatmakesevenbolderassertionsabouthowculturaldiversityinterpretgroupdisparityinsuccess.Accordingtothebook,peoplewhobelongtoculturesthatgiveaspecialimportanceto“threetraits”arelikelytobesuccessful.Theiropinionwasmetwithfierceopposition,especiallyfromAsianAmericans,whocriticizetheirdisregardofthegreatvarietyamongtheAsianAmericanpopulationaswellasthechallengesfacedbylotsofpeopleamongthatgroup.Paragraphs1-3

SampleWork

AmyChuageneratedlotsofpublicitywhenshepublishedherbookBattleHymnoftheTigerMother,amemoirdocumentingher

tough-loveparentingstyle,whichsheclaimedcanexplainwhyChineseAmericansonaveragehaveeducationallyoutperformedotherethnicgroups.Laterintheirnewbookthetriplepackage,ChuaandherhusbandJ.R.putforwardthe“triplepackage”hypothesisclaimingthatauniquecombinationofthreepersonalitytraits(…)arekeytosuccessandthatonetendstodobetterifhebelongstoculturesemphasizingthesethreetraitsjustasthe“modelminority”does.TheharshoppositionclaimedthatthemodelminoritystereotypeignoresthevastdiversitywithintheAsianAmericangroupandthechallengesfacedbythem.Paragraphs4-7Keypoints DetailsParagraphs4-7Keypoints

Praiseforwhat.J.H.&C.C.’sresearchfocus

andmethodology.DetailsWhattraits.Pastresearch.Paragraphs4-7

ExampleWorkThebookreceivedpraisefromcriticsbecausetheyproposethataspecificcombinationofpsychologicaltraitscanexplainsuccess,andpeoplefromcertaingroupsaremorelikelytopossessthem.TheresearchersdeliberatelychosetostudyasampleofrepresentativeAmericanssincethiswouldofferastrongertestofthetheory.Thetriplepackage’sfirsttraitisabeliefinthesuperiorityofone’sowngroup.Thesecondtraitismeasuringinsecuritythatcantakemanyformsincludinglowself-esteem,feelingsofdanger,orfearoflosingwhatonealreadyhas,byusingmultiplescales.Theyidentifiedthreefactorsofinsecurity:personalinsecurity,contingentself-worth,andfamilyinsecurity.Thethirdtraitis“control”usedscalesofimpulsiveness,conscientiousness,andgrit.Theresearchersalsomeasuredcognitiveabilitiesandshowthatgeneralcognitiveabilitiesareoneofthestrongestpredictorsofachievementandsuccess.Finally,tomeasurelifesuccess,participantsreportontheirannualincome,levelofeducation,andhonorsandawardstheyhavereceived.Allofthesemeasuresofsuccesswerecombinedtocreateasingle,combined“success”variable.Paragraphs4-7

SampleWork

Thebookalsoreceivedpraisebecausesomecriticsthoughtittoucheduponanimportantquestion:whydosomegroupsinAmerica,onaverage,tendtobemoresuccessfulthanothers?Sincethetriplepackagehypothesisseemspsychologicalratherthancultural,twopsychologistsJ.H.&C.C.atUnionCollegedecidedtoempiricallytestit,usingtwostudieswithacombinedonlinesampleofover1200Americanadultsofvariousethnicbackgrounds.Theycameupwithdifferentwaystomeasurethethreetraits.Thefirsttraitwasmeasuredwithahow-much-the-participants-agree-with-statementsscale.Thesecondtraitwasmeasuredusingmultiplescales.Andthethirdtraitwasmeasuredusingscalesofimpulsiveness,conscientiousness,andgrit.What’smore,theparticipants’cognitiveabilitiesweremeasuredthoughvocabularyandmathematicalreasoningtests.Andtheirlifesuccesswasmeasuredwiththeirownreportontheirannualincome,levelofeducation,andhonorsandawardsreceived.Allofthesemeasuresofsuccesswerecombinedintoasingle,combined“success”variable.Paragraphs8-10Keypoints DetailsParagraphs8-10Keypoints

J.H.&C.C.’sresearchfindings.MainfindingIsolatedfindingswhytriplepackagetheoryseemscompelling.Whatbestexplainssuccess.DetailsExplanationsonthefindings.Paragraphs8-10

ExampleWorkTheresearchresultsofHartandChabrisdidnotsupportChuaandRubenfeld’stheoryinthattherearepositivecorrelationsbetweenself-reportedsuccessandcognitiveability,parentaleducation,personalsecurityandthatthereisnotconsistentrelationshipbetweentheuniquecombinationofthethreetraits(groupsuperiority,personalinsecurity,andimpulsecontrol)andgreatersuccess.However,theyhavesomethingincommon—therearepositivecorrelationsbetweenself-reportedsuccessandcontingentself-worth,betweenfeelingsofgroupsuperiorityandattainingahigherincome.FromtheopinionsofHartandChabris,somefactors(suchassmart,conscientious,stableenvironment)overlookedbytheory,canbetterexplainone’ssuccessthanotherfactors(suchasone’shardworkandpersonalqualities).Thus,theChuaandRubenfeld’stheorycan’texplainthesuccessofcertaingroups.Paragraphs8-10

SampleWorkUponregressionanalysis,J.H.&C.C.didnotfindanyconsistentevidenceforthetriplepackagehypothesis.Itistruethattherearecertainindividualfindingsthatdidsupportelementsofthetriplepackage,including:peoplewithhighcontingentself-worthandtheyfeelingsofgroupsuperiority.However,themainfindingsshowthatthebiggestpredictorsofsuccesswerecognitiveabilityandparentaleducationandgreaterpersonalinsecuritywasrelatedtolesssuccessinlife.Thetriplepackagehypothesis,thoughseemsappealing,cannotexplainsuccess.Thefactorscanincludebeingsmart,beingconscientiousandbeingbornintoawell-offfamily.TranslationPracticeTheideaofa“triplepackage”mayseemcompelling