版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
62/62一、地名简写ﻫ高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来。会很费时间.因此,常用国名的记录方法应常记心中,比如K=Korea,
SD=
Sweden,
SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|-”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。例如:the
Republic
of
Korea(ROK,南朝鲜),表示为“—K”;
相应的the
Democratic
People’s
Republic
of
Korea(DPRK,北朝鲜),
就可以表示为“K-",
Central
London,表示为LD.Western
Europe(西欧)表示为“|EU",Eastern
Germany
(东德)表示为“G|”。
练习:ﻫEastern
Europe,
South
Africa,
North
China,
Western
Germany,
South
Asia,Central
Italﻫ
ﻫ二、缩略词ﻫ英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP:
important,
ASAP:
as
soon
as
possible.很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:ﻫ
ﻫ(一)拿掉所有元音
MKT:marketﻫMGR:manager
MSG:message
STD:standardﻫRCV:receive
ﻫ(二)保留前几个字母
INFOinformationﻫINSinsurance
EXCHexchange
I
owe
youIOU
In
stead
ofI/O
ﻫ
(三)保留开头和结尾个发音字母
WKweek
RMroom
PLpeopleﻫ
ﻫ
(四)根据发音ﻫ
Rare
THOthough
THRUthroughﻫ
(五)高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表
缩略词原词ﻫAPTApartmentﻫACCAccountantﻫACDGAccording
ACPTAcceptﻫADAdvertisementﻫADSAddressﻫADVAdvice
AMAPAs
much/many
as
possible
AMTAmount
BALBalance
BLDGBuildingﻫCERTCertificate
CMPECompete/competitive
CMUCommunication
CO.CompanyﻫDEPTDepartmentﻫDISCDiscountﻫEXCHExchange
EXTExtentﻫINFOInformation
I/OIn
stead
ofﻫIOUI
owe
youﻫMDLModel
MEMOMemorandumﻫMINMinimum
MKTMarket
MSGMessageﻫPKGPackingﻫPLPeopleﻫPLSPlease
REFReferenceﻫSECSectionﻫSTDStandardﻫTELTelephone
THOThough
TKSThanksﻫTRFTrafficﻫWTWeightﻫXLExtra
large
三、字母、图像ﻫ
o
表示“人”people/person,因为“o”看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如:日本人:Jo.
ﻫCﻫ
表示政府,统治:government,governﻫ希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government,
所以就用C来表示govern,
government。governmental
official
可以表示为
CZﻫ
ﻫ
P
表示政治:politics,
political
希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics,
political.那么politician就可以表示为
PZﻫ
G
表示效率:efficient,
effective。ﻫG为效率符号。ﻫ
ﻫQﻫ
表示“通货膨胀”:inflationﻫ因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球.
Aﻫ
表示农业:
agriculture.
agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。ﻫ
ﻫB
表示商业:business。
ﻫC×
表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontationﻫ“C×”中的“×”表示反对,字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict
和
confrontation。
Wﻫ
表示工作,职业:
work,
employ
等。ﻫ它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,
而
“
Z”
(小圆圈)在字母上方表示employer,
在字母下方表示employee。
ﻫi
表示工业:
industry,
industrial
字母i
像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业.
ﻫUﻫ
U
看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty,
agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”.ﻫ如果在U内填入2,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的),
填入3表示为trilateral
(三边的).
填入在U中填入1表示:
Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m
(multiple)
表示多边主义。ﻫ如果在U上加一个“/”表示谈判破裂。
O
表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等:country,
state,
nation,
etc.ﻫgO表示进口,Og表示出口ﻫ
这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair,
host,
preside
over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman,
host,
etc.ﻫ
Tﻫ
表示“领导人”:leader,
headﻫ那么head
of
government,
head
of
company
便可以表示为
CT
ﻫ⊙ﻫ
圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference,
negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium
∞
这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示“捕鱼业"等合fishery
有关的词汇。
ﻫO
圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等:
international,
worldwide,
global,
universal,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫJ
表示开心:pleasant,
joyful,happy,excited,
etc。
ﻫLﻫ
表示不满、生气unsatisfied,
discomfort,
angry,
sad,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫEOﻫ
表示听到、众所周之:as
we
all
know,
as
is
known
to
all,
as
you
have
already
heard
of,
etc.ﻫ
O
表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent,
apathetic,
unconcern,
don’t
care
much,
etc。ﻫ
ﻫ
四、箭头ﻫg
表示到达、传达:go
into,arrive
at,give
to,send
to,present
to
etc.ﻫ
表示导致、引导:lead
to,
result
in,
in
the
direction
of,
etc.
ﻫ表示屈服:submit
toﻫ
fﻫ
表示来自于:be/come
from,return,receive
from,
etc.
表示追溯到:come/go
back
to,originateﻫ
ﻫh
表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend,
etc。ﻫ
表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open,
start,
etc.ﻫ
表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen,
promote,
etc
ﻫ
表示“波折":ups
and
downs,
twists
and
turns,
roller
coaster,
etc.
ﻫ
ﻫ五、数学符号
+
表示“多":
many,
lots
of,
a
great
deal
of,
a
good
many
of,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ++(+2)
表示“多"的比较级:moreﻫ
+3
表示“多”的最高级:mostﻫ
ﻫ—
表示“少":
little,
few,
lack
,in
short
of/
be
in
shortage
of
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ×
表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念:wrong/incorrect,something
bad,notorious,negative,
etc.
〉ﻫ
表示“多于”概念:bigger/larger/greater/more
than/better
than,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ表示“高”
概念:superior
to,surpass,
etc.ﻫ
<
表示“少于”概念:less/smaller,etc.
ﻫ表示“低"概念:inferior
to,etc.ﻫ
ﻫ=ﻫ
表示“同等”概念:means,that
is
to
say,
in
other
words,the
same
as,be
equal
to,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ表示“对手”概念:a
match,
rival,
competitor,
counterpart,
etc。ﻫ
(
)
表示“在。.。...之间":among,
within,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ≠ﻫ
表示“不同"概念:be
different
from,
etc.
ﻫ表示“无敌”概念:matchless,
peerless,
etc。
ﻫ~
表示“大约”概念:about/around,or
so,
approximately,
etc。ﻫ
ﻫ/ﻫ
表示“否定”,“消除"等概念:cross
out,
eliminate,
etc。ﻫ
ﻫﻫ
六、标点等ﻫ:ﻫ
表示各种各样“说”的动词:say,
speak,
talk,
marks,
announce,
declare,
etc.
?ﻫ
表示“问题”:question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?
ﻫ.
(dot)
ﻫ
这个“.”点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样
“.d"表示yesterday,
“.y”表示last
year,
“。2m”表示two
month
ago.Wk表示weekﻫ“y”表示this
year,
“y2."
two
year
laterﻫ“next
week”,
可以表示为“wk.”
∧ﻫ
表示转折but
yet
howeverﻫ
ﻫ√ﻫ
表示“好的”状态,right/good,famous/well—known,etc。
ﻫ表示“同意"状态,stand
up
for,support,
agree
with
sb,
certain/
affirmative,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ☆ﻫ
表示“重要的”状态:important,exemplary(模范的)
best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.ﻫ
nﻫ
表示“交流”状态:exchange,mutual,
etc.ﻫ
ﻫ&
表示“和”,“与":and,together
with,along
with,
accompany,along
with,further
more,etc。ﻫ
ﻫ∥
表示“结束”:end,stop,halt,bring
sth
to
a
standstill/stop,
etc。ﻫ
ﻫﻫ
七、较长单词的处理办法ﻫ-ism
简写为
m
ﻫ
例如:socialism
Sm
ﻫ—tionﻫ
简写为
n
例如:standardization
(标准化)ﻫ
stdnﻫ
-cian
简写为
o
例如:technicianﻫ
techoﻫ
—ing
简写为
gﻫ
例如:marketing
(市场营销)
MKTg
—ed
简写为
d
例如:accepted
acptd
-ment
简写为
mtﻫ
例如:amendmentﻫ
amdmt
—able/ible/ble
简写为
blﻫ
例如:available
avblﻫ
ﻫ—fulﻫ
简写为
fl
例如:meaningfulﻫ
mnfl
出自:
ﻫ
ﻫ口译笔记符号(若干)ﻫ新东方听力口语部
龚学众ﻫ翻译笔记原则:ﻫ学会一字等于一句,看一字想一句,看一句知一句。ﻫ一。
以符号代文字ﻫ以下各符号均可在记录中代替文字
1.
数学符号ﻫequal:
=
boost,
improve,
enhance,
strengthen
:
↗
plus:
+
minus:
-
times:
xﻫdivided
by:
÷ﻫdegree:
℃ﻫpercent:
%
per
thousand:
‰ﻫbetween:|。|ﻫbecause,
because
of,
due
to:
∵ﻫtherefore,
so,
as
a
result,
consequently:
∵
plus
or
minus:
±
versus,
the
ratio
of,
divided
by
:
ﻫ:ﻫso
on,
etc,
and
so
forth
:
•••ﻫis
(much)
greater/bigger/larger/faster/quicker/heavier/older…
than;
superior
to,
surpass:>
is
(much)
less/smaller/lighter/younger/fewer/inferior
to/worse
than…:
<
not
equal
to
:¹
not
less
than:
ﻫvaries
as,
in
direct
proportion
to:
∝或∞
ﻫparallel,
is
parallel
to
:
‖ﻫright
angle:
∟ﻫperpendicular,
is
perpendicular
to:
⊥ﻫcircle,
circumference:
○
ellipse:
0ﻫdiameter:
θﻫtriangle,
delta
:
△
pressure,
influence:⊥(竖线为向下箭头)
approximately,
about,
nearly,
around,almost:
≈
as
always,
一直,总是,
一贯:≡
into:
contact,
exchanges:∞
conflicts,
disputes,
contradictions:
〉〈ﻫ波折:<〈
belong
to,
is
of
,of:
∈
victory,
ﻫwin,
success
:
V
by,
with,
%,
in:
/ﻫas
always,
hold
on,
persist,
insist
on
:
≡
wonder,
miracle
:
!ﻫAbout:
@ﻫOn
the
one
hand:
∕
On
the
other
hand:
∕ﻫRelation,
relationship:
&
ﻫFuture:
Not
agree:
ﻫNﻫAgree:
Y
Fine,
good:
+ﻫBetter,
much
better:ﻫ++
Bad,
weak:
-ﻫWorse,
weaker:
-
-
In
conclusion
:
=〉ﻫEmpty:
O
Representative,
delegation,
delegation:
△ﻫ2.
货币:ﻫsterling,
pound:
£
US
dollar:
US$
renminbi:
RMB:
¥
Australian
dollars:
#AﻫAustrian
schillings:
Sch
Canadian
dollars:
Can$ﻫEurodollar:
€
New
Zealand
dollars:
NZ$ﻫJapanese
yen:
3.时间:
时:
hour:ﻫhrﻫminute:
ﻫ'ﻫsecond:
’’ﻫ早:d
中:d
晚:dﻫ日:ﻫthe
day
before
yesterday:
”d
ﻫyesterday:
’d
today:
dﻫtomorrow:
d’
the
day
after
tomorrow:
d’
’
day
by
day,
everyday:
dd
夜:
last
night:'nﻫtonight:
nﻫnext
night:
n’ﻫ周:
the
week
before
last:
"wﻫlast
week:
’wﻫthis
week:
wﻫnext
week:
w
'ﻫthe
week
after
next
:
w'’
周日:ﻫMonday:
1w
Tuesday:
2wﻫWednesday:
3w
Thursday:
4w
Friday:
5w
Saturday:
6w
Sunday:
7wﻫ月:
the
month
before
last:
”mﻫlast
month:
’m
this
month:
m
next
month:
m’ﻫthe
month
after
next:
m’'ﻫ月初:ﻫ月中:
12月上旬、中旬、月底/下旬:12、12、
12
ﻫ月份:
January:
1m
February:
2m
March:
3m
April:
4mﻫMay:
5mﻫJune:
6m
July:
7m
August:
8m
September:
9m
October:
10mﻫNovember:
11m
December:
12dmﻫ年:ﻫlast
year:
’yﻫthis
year:
y
next
year:
y’ﻫthe
year
after
next:
y’’
年初:yﻫ年中:y
年底:yﻫ1949年前:/49ﻫ1949年后:49/
1949年底:49ﻫ世纪:Cﻫuo
to
now,
until:
┫ﻫsince,ever
since:
┠
山水之间:ω∕∽ﻫ国内外:
4.度量衡:ﻫmeter:
m
centimeter:
cm
minimeter:
mmﻫmile:
mi
nautical
mile:
nmﻫinch:
in.
foot:
ft
knot:
ktﻫacre:
A
5.数字:
①数字全用阿拉伯数字代替ﻫ②000:,
例如,65000:65,;
7000000:7,,
1978:
'78ﻫ(3)
00:ﻫ.
,
例如,700:
7。
6.介词、连词:
because,
because
of,
due
to:
∵
therefore,
so,
as
a
result,
consequently:
∵ﻫabout:
around,:
≈
above,
on,
over:某文字或符号上加一点•,如“河上:
after:
|,
例如,20年以后:
20y½ﻫagainst:
as:
at:ゝﻫbefore,
beyond,
in
front
of:
•|
例如,20年以:½
20y
below,
beneath,
under:
某文字或符号下加一点•,如“水下:~符号下加•”ﻫbetween:
|•|ﻫbut:/
ﻫfor:4
inside,
within,include
:
(
)ﻫout
of:
ﻫtherefore,
so,
as
a
result,
consequently:
∵ﻫto:
→
up:
↑
with:
+ﻫ7.变化:ﻫ增,升,加,长,上:
arise,
ascend,
climb,
develop,
grow,
rise,
go
up,
,
get
up,
increase,
roar,
skyrocket,soar,
strengthen,
up:
↑ﻫ降,减,下:
down,
to,
decline,descend,
drop,fall,
go
down,
reduce,
shrink:
↓
and,in
addition
to,
furthermore,
further,
more:
+
8.来往:ﻫarrive
in,
cause,
come
to,export
to,
give
to,
lead
to,
present
to,
result
to,
send
to,
submit
to:→
come
from,
import
from,
receive
from:
←ﻫ9.好坏、好恶:
bad,
wrong,
faulty,
false,
hate,
notorious,
incorrect:
x
accept,
agree,
certain,
correct,
famous,fine,
good,
like,
love,
right,
affirmative,
ﻫsatisfy,
sure,
want,
well—known:√
例如,“我赞成你的观点:I
√
ur
•
”ﻫﻫ10。辩论,说,观点、协议:
①comment,
say,
speak:
∶
②观点viewpoint、看法、难点,point:•,如“我说几点:I
:几•",
③agreement,
accord,
treaty,
contract:
∪,例如:双边协议:2∪
11.公用标志:ﻫcopy
right:
registered
mark:ﻫﻫ12.会见、会议:ﻫconference,
discussion,
meet,
meeting,
negotiation,
seminar,
workshop:⊙,例如:三边圆桌会议:3⊙ﻫ13.国家、政治、民族:ﻫ①country,
state,
nation:
□
②政府:zf
③leader,
manager,
president,
schoolmaster,
director:∧ﻫ14。江河湖海水:
ocean,
sea,
river,
lake,
brook,
stream:
~
15:桌,椅,凳,几,床,楼,房:
︹,如:“在椅子上:︹(上加一短横)”,“在桌子下:︹
(下加一短横)”
16.all
in
all,
finally,
in
conclusion,
in
a
word,
totally:
ﻫΣ
17.hills,
mountain:ﻫω,
如“
山上:
“ω”上加一点;
“爬山:/ω”
18.look,
look
after,
look
into,
investigate,
witness:
横椭圆中间加一点,如“我今天来看看:I
d
(横椭圆中间加一点)
u”
19.
anger,
excited,
happy:
!
20.
why
when,
where,
which,
who,
how:ﻫ?
加最后一个字母
,例如,“你去哪:?
U
→"特殊符号:ﻫand,
with,
together
with,
accompany
:
+
too,
to,
two:
2ﻫinclude,
inclusive,
including,
among,
inside,
within
:
(
)
ﻫmaintaining
peace
and
stability:
◎ﻫ二.
以首字母代文字ﻫac:
aircraftﻫas
soon
as
possibly:
asap
as
early
as
possible:
aesp
at
least:
al
carbon
copy:
cc
care
of:
c/o
上海:SH
北京:BJ
联合国儿童基金会:UNICEFﻫ联合国教科文组织:UNESCOﻫ.。..。。ﻫ三.
中英(符号)混合代文字ﻫ资本主义:资’
四个现代化:4m
peace-keeping:
维pﻫoppose,
against,
disagree:
o反,
a反,
d反
第三世界:3w
三维:
3Dﻫ中国人:ch人
四.
以缩写代文字ﻫacknowledge:
ack
advice:
advﻫafter:
aft
extra:
x
……
五.
以汉字代英文ﻫsentence:
句
……ﻫ六.
以前三个字母代替长单词ﻫcor=
corporationﻫ……
七.特简符号:
for:
4
……ﻫ出自:
口译笔记速记符号归总
1。
Note-taking
symbols
and
abbreviations
for
your
reference:
Abbreviations
in
Note
taking
Use
only
the
abbreviations
that
fit
your
needs
and
that
you
will
remember
easily.
A
good
idea
is
to
introduce
only
a
few
abbreviations
into
your
note
taking
at
a
time.
ﻫ
Symbols
helpful
in
math
——
these
are
commonly
used
in
texts
and
references.
ﻫS
=
sum
f
=
frequency
ﻫLeave
out
periods
in
standard
abbreviations。
cf
=
compare
e。g。
=
example
dept
=
department
ﻫ
Use
only
the
first
syllable
of
a
word.
ﻫpol
=
politics
ﻫdem
=
democracy
lib
=
liberal
ﻫcap
=
capitalism
ﻫ
ﻫUse
entire
first
syllable
and
only
1st
letter
of
2nd
syllable.
ﻫpres
=
presentation
subj
=
subject
ind
=
individual
cons
=
conservative
ﻫ
Eliminate
final
letters.
Use
just
enough
of
the
word
to
form
a
recognizable
abbreviation.
assoc
=
associate
ﻫbiol
=
biology
info
=
information
ach
=
achievement
chem
=
chemistry
ﻫmax
=
maximum
intro
=
introduction
conc
=
concentration
ﻫmin
=
minimum
rep
=
repetition
Omit
vowels,
retain
only
enough
consonants
to
give
a
recognizable
skeleton
of
the
word.
ﻫppd
=
prepared
ﻫprblm
=
problem
ﻫestmt
=
estimate
ﻫbkgd
=
background
gvt
=
government
Use
an
apostrophe
in
place
of
letters.
ﻫam't
=
amount
cont'd
=
continued
ﻫgov’t
=
government
educat’l
=
educationalﻫ
Form
the
plural
of
a
symbol
or
abbreviated
word
by
adding
s。
chpts
=
chapters
egs
=
examples
fs
=
frequencies
ﻫintros
=
introductions
ﻫ
Use
g
to
represent
ing
endings.
ﻫckg
=
checking
ﻫestg
=
establishing
decrg
=
decreasing
ﻫexptg
=
experimenting
ﻫ
Spell
out
short
words
such
as
in,
at,
to,
but,
for,
and
key.
ﻫ
Abbreviations
or
symbols
for
short
words
will
make
the
notes
too
dense
with
shorthand.
ﻫ
Leave
out
unimportant
words。
Leave
out
the
words
a
and
the.
ﻫIf
a
term,
phrase,
or
name
is
written
out
in
full
during
the
lecture,
substitute
initials
whenever
the
term,
phrase,
or
name
is
used
again。
For
example,
Center
for
Aerospace
Sciences
becomes
CAS
thereafter.
ﻫUse
symbols
for
commonly
recurring
connective
or
transitional
words.
&
=
and
w/
=
with
w/o
=
without
ﻫvs
=
against
\
=
therefore
=
=
is
or
equal
ﻫUse
technical
symbols
where
applicable。
ﻫzb
=
German,
for
example
ﻫibid
=
Latin,
the
same
work
ﻫo
=
degrees
H2O
=
water
ﻫﻫMore
reference:
Use
standard
maths,
accounting,
and
science
symbols。
Examples:
+
plus
ﻫ//
parallel
Use
standard
abbreviations
and
leave
out
full
stops。
Examples:
eg
example
ﻫIT
dept
Information
Technology
department
ﻫUK
United
Kingdom
ﻫUse
only
the
first
syllable
of
a
word.
Examples:
mar
marketing
ﻫcus
customer
cli
client
Use
the
entire
first
syllable
and
the
first
letter
of
the
second
syllable。
Examples:
ﻫsubj
subject
ﻫbudg
budget
ind
individual
To
distinguish
among
various
forms
of
the
same
word,
use
the
first
syllable
of
the
word,
an
apostrophe,
and
the
ending
of
the
word.
Examples:
ﻫtech'gy
technology
gen'ion
generalisation
del’y
delivery
Use
just
enough
of
the
beginning
of
a
word
to
form
a
recognisable
abbreviation。
Examples:
assoc
associated
ﻫach
achievement
info
information
ﻫOmit
vowels
from
the
middle
of
words,
retaining
only
enough
consonants
to
provide
a
recognisable
skeleton
of
the
word。
Examples:
bkgd
background
ﻫmvmt
movement
ﻫprblm
problem
Form
the
plural
of
a
symbol
or
abbreviated
word
by
adding
's.'
Examples:
custs
customers
fs
frequencies
ﻫ/s
ratios
Use
'g'
to
represent
'ing'
endings.
Examples:
ﻫdecrg
decreasing
ﻫckg
checking
estblg
establishing
Spell
out,
rather
than
abbreviate
short
words.
Examples:
ﻫin
,but
,as
,key
ﻫLeave
out
unimportant
verbs.
Examples:
is
,was
,were
ﻫLeave
out
unnecessary
articles.
Examples:
a
,an
,the
ﻫIf
a
term,
phrase,
or
name
is
initially
written
out
in
full
during
the
talk
or
meeting,
initials
can
be
substituted
whenever
the
term,
phrase,
or
name
is
used
again.
Example:
January
Advertising
Campaign
Budget
JACB
ﻫUse
symbols
for
common
connective
or
transition
words.
Examples:
@
atﻫ2
to
4
for
&
and
ﻫw/
with
ﻫw/o
without
vs
against
ﻫCreate
your
own
set
of
abbreviations
and
symbols.
You
may
wish
to
develop
separate
sets
of
symbols
and
abbreviations
for
different
courses
or
subjects.
Other
Symbols
and
Abbreviations
as
a
result
of
/
consequences
of
〈—-->
ﻫresulting
in
--->
ﻫand
/
also
+
ﻫequal
to
/
same
as
=
following
ff
most
importantly
*
ﻫless
than
<
greater
than
>
especially
esp/
(后面重复的就不打了……英文版的相信各位考口译的有这个能力看明白^_^)
出自:ﻫ口译笔记技巧与符号
英文版ﻫ
ﻫ====
Ask
yourself
====
1.Did
I
use
complete
sentences?
They
are
generally
a
waste
of
time.
2.Did
I
use
any
form
at
all?
Are
my
notes
clear
or
confusing?
ﻫ3。Did
I
capture
main
points
and
all
subpoints?
ﻫ4。Did
I
streamline
using
abbreviations
and
shortcuts?
If
you
answered
no
to
any
of
these
questions,
you
may
need
to
develop
some
new
note-taking
skills!
====
Guidelines
for
Note-Taking
====ﻫ1.Concentrate
on
the
lecture
or
on
the
reading
material.
2.Take
notes
consistently.
ﻫ3。Take
notes
selectively。
Do
NOT
try
to
write
down
every
word.
Remember
that
the
average
lecturer
speaks
approximately
125—140
words
per
minute,
and
the
average
note—taker
writes
at
a
rate
of
about
25
words
per
minute.
ﻫ4.Translate
ideas
into
your
own
words。
ﻫ5。Or
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 《2024年 慕课时代外语教学中的微课资源建设与翻转课堂实践-以西北师范大学《英国文学史》为例》范文
- 第二编第10章 19世纪欧美近代教育制度的形成 第五部分
- 2024年技术入股标准合同
- 救助合同的格式范本
- 初中心理教学设计的教学资源建设
- 复式统计图 例1(教案)-2023-2024学年四年级下册数学人教版
- 7健康看电视 第二课时 教学设计-2023-2024学年道德与法治四年级上册统编版
- 2024劳动合同样本【官方版】
- 2024农村土地使用权转让合同范文
- 安全信息系统课程设计
- 粮食仓储管理工作制度
- 起重吊装、卸车工程施工设计方案
- 小学美术《第10课:色彩的色相》PPT课件
- 2022年解题指导及典型例题
- 《电力机车的整备》资料
- 律师事务所税收政策及其实务PPT课件
- 诱导灯施工规范(2)
- 暗黑3夺魂之镰物品名称中英文对照
- 公共政策案例及其分析ppt课件
- 运营指标统计办法
- 商业地产组织架构和部门职责
评论
0/150
提交评论