叉车安全操作

叉车安全操作叉车安全驾驶(一)日常应做例行检查及保养工作(二)货物安放(三)常见之操作错误(四)货叉、链条之安全标准(五)电池使用守则(六)如有可能，参与叉车安全驾驶课程（本刊物内容只供参考之用）(一)日常应做例行检查及保养工作驾驶员以经过适当训练和指定人员为限您是否适合工作为铲车驾员?对于这一车辆的驾驶方法，熟悉吗？有否戴上安全头盔，在工作时有否穿着工人衣？OnlyproperlytrainedandauthorizeddriversshouldoperateforklifttrucksAreyouqualifiedtobeaforkliftdriver?Areyoufamiliarwiththeforklifttruckyouoperate?Doyouwearasafetyhelmetandproperclothingonthejob?在运转前，检查车辆情况在开始一天的工作以前，考虑一下安全问题。车辆情况不良、不能运转。如驾驶员认为不安全时、可以拒绝运转。Beforestartingwork,checktheconditionoftheforklifttruckStopandthinksafetybeforestartingtheday’swork.Notruckshouldbeoperatedunlessitisimgoodworkingcondi-tion.Refusetooperateaforklifttruckwhichinyouropinionisunsafe.发现有任何故障时，应立即报告上司在未恢复安全状态以前，不能运转。应切记：”有了安全的铲车，才能保证安全的装卸。”ImmedidtelyreporttoyoursupervisoranyobviousdefectsorrequiredrepairsAdefectiveforklifttruckoronerequiringrepairsshouldbetakenoutofserviceuntilithasbeenrestoredtosafeoperatingcondition.Remember,safehandingbeginswithasafeforklifttruck.每日完工后，检查铲车情况应使您的铲车，保持最良好的健康状态。由于您的细心保护，不但可以减少高额修理费用。更能保证您本人的安全，以及您四周的人员和设备。当有故障时，应立即报告上司。Checktheconditionofyourforklifttruckaftertheday’sWorkKeepyourforklifttruckinthebestofhealth.YourpersonalCarewillnotonlypreventcostlyrepairsandreducedowntimebutwillalsomakeyousafer,aswellasthepeopleandequipmentaroundyou.Reportanyfaultyperformancewithoutdelay.熟悉铲车，考虑安全随时要把安全作为您自己的问题，进行考虑。随时准备突发事故，作适当合理判断。KnowyourforklifttruckandthinksafetyMakesafetyamatterofattitude.Expecttheunexpectedandusesoundjudgementwheneveryouarebehindthewheel.(二)货物安放绝对不能过载检查有无过载，一定要按铲车载重能力，进行装卸。在货物装上叉以前，要确定一下货物重量，重心位置。安全运转的第一条，在于理解叉车能力，加以严密遵守。Don’toverloadCheckloadweightsandhandleonlywithintheratedCapacityoryourforklifttruck.Beforepickingupaload,beSureofhowmuchitweightsandwhereitsloadcenterislocated.Safeoperationrequiresunderstandingandobservingtheforklifttruck’sratedloadcapacity.使用适当尺寸的载货台板检查载货架的状态、强度、安全负载能力。在堆积时突然发生捆包散落，是由于载货的不适当。AlwaysusethepropersizepalletChecktheconditionandsafeloadingcapacityofthepallet,Thesuddencollapseofblockstackingoftenresultsfromafaultypallet.叉幅尽可能宽大在货物装上叉之前，要确认一下:载货台板的宽度，或是货物的宽度，是否和叉的宽度相合适。叉的宽大，可以保证载货的稳定。SettheforkstothemaximumpossiblewidthBeforepickingupaload,makesurethattheforksareasWideapartasthepalletorloadwillallow.Wideforkspaciningkeepstheloadstable.确认载货台板上的货物是否有松驰稳定而安全捆扎好的货物，才能装运。WatchforlooseloadsHandleonlystable,safetyarrangedloads.叉上货物的位置和重量应有良好的平衡装卸宽大货物时，或是有偏负重时，在操作时要特别注意，不要使铲子车颠倒。也要注意长尺寸货物，如铁条、木材等等……

Positionloadsevenlyontheforksforproperbalance

Whenhandlingwideloads,oroff-centerloadsthatcannotbecentered,operatewithcautiontopreventtippingovertheforklifttruck.Alsousecautionwhenhandlinglonglengthsofbarstock,lumber,etc.

(三)常见之操作错误绝对不能在倾斜不平的路面升举货物经常要注意路面情况,车辆在倾侧状态下高举货物时,如恰巧遭遇到微少的冲击或地板上的孔穴,会发生颠倒情况.Neverelevatealoadwiththeforklifttruckonanincline.Whenonaninclinealwayswatchtheconditionofthesurface.Whenoperatingonaninclinewiththeloadliftedhigh,justaslightbumporholeinthefloorwouldbeenoughtooverturntheforklifttruck.不能容许任何人员进入升举的货叉之下在升举货叉之前,要确认一下四周有无其他人员逗留,不管叉上有无装载货物,不能容许任何人员.包括你本人在内进入货叉的下面。DonotpermitanyonetostandbetweenelevatedforksNeverstandorpass,orpermitanyoneelsetostandorpassundertheelevatedforkswhetheremptyorloaded.在柱之前，不能放入手足从使为捆扎松散开的货物，也不能昧然把手伸入柱之间，小的不注意，会招致大的损害。KeephandsandfeetoutofthemastassemblyNeverreachthroughthemastassemblyforANYreason.Justonesmallmistakecouldresultinseriousinjury.经常装借背架和认顶向高处堆积货物时，要特别注意落下货物，同时更需确认堆积在顶上的货物，有无松散情况．Alwaysusetheloadbackrestextensionandoverheadguardforhigstacking．Beespeciallyalertforfallingobjectswhenhighstacking.Makesurenoloosearticlesarelyingontopoftheload.柱在前倾时，不能升举货物升举货物时，柱只能垂直或是后倾，绝不能前倾。升举起的货物放下货堆时，才能前倾。DonotelevatetheloadwiththemasttiltedforwardThemastshouldalwaysbeverticalortiltdeBackwardwhenliftingaload,nevertiltforwardbeyondthevertical.Anelevatedloadmaybetiltedforwardonlywhenputtingitonthestackordirectlyovertheunloadingarea.装载货物驶行时，尽可能离地面愈近愈好不能遗忘货叉降低。在普通情况下，约离地面100-150mm（4-6寸）就行。却不可把叉升举到超过规定的离地高度，带货驶行。CarryloadsasclosetotheflooraspossibleKeeptheforkslow,100to150mm(4to6inches)offthefloorinmostcases.Nevertravelwiththeloadraisedhigherthannecessaryforadequateclearance.

(三)常见之操作错误驶行时，柱向后倾侧，用支架支撑好货载在行驶时，不能升举或降下货载。更要确认货叉之全长和货载尺寸是否合适，以及支架是否确定支持好货载。Keeptheloadagainstthebackrest,withthemasttiltedbackwardNeverliftorlowerloadswiththeforklifttruckinmotion,Andbesurethatthefulllengthoftheforksisundertheload,withtheloadagainsttheloadbackrest.开始运转前，经常要确认一下四周有人逗留否进行前，确认一下变速杆是否在所需要进行的位置？同时，您所进行的方向，是否为无人状态？AlwayslookbeforestartingBeforestarting,firstmakesurethatthedirectionleverisinpositionforthedesireddirectionoftravelandthenmakesurethattheroadisclear.起动与停止，需要从容进行避免急起动与急停止，特别在载有货物或堆积时，更应如此。不能急速旋转。转变方向时，要完全停止升降后缓慢进行。Startandstop-g-r-a-d-u-a-l-l-yands-l-o-w-l-yAvoidquickorjerkystartsandstops,particularlywhenLoadedorwhenstacking,AndneverturnsharplyathighSpeed.Bringtheforklifttrucktogradualfullstopbeforereversing.在任何时候都要完全控制好车辆按照工作地区四周情况,用安全速度进行运转.严守各项规则和限制.Keepyourforklifttruckundercontrol…atalltimesAlwaysdriveatsafespeedconsideringallconditions.Besureyouunderstandyourlimtations.经常要保持车间距离为在任何状态之下,都能安全停车,要保持一定的车间距离.AlwayskeepasidedistancefromothervehiclesKeepasafedistancebehindothermovingvehiclestoallowsufficientspaceforsafestoppingunderanycondition.禁止超车在交叉路,碍视场所等有危险性的地区,不能对同方向进行的车辆,作超车或越车行驶.NeverovertakeothervehiclesNeverpassothervehiclesmovinginthesamedirectionatintersections,blindspotsandotherdangerousplaces.Alwaysexpecttheunexpected!(三)常见之操作错误禁止玩耍或运转(不能粗暴运转)安全,是难于测知的,但非常显然,是决定于您的驾车的态度如何.在您跨上驾驶座席时,就很显然.招致事故的,并非车辆,而是您本人.AvoidstuntsrivingandhorseplaySafetyisthematterofyourownattitude.Thisisdifficulttomeasruebutquicklybecomesevidentonceyouarebehindthewheel.It’snotyourforklifttruck.It’syouwhoinvitestrouble!心猿意马的运转也在禁止之列在运转中,不能心猿意马,要集中注意,目不斜视,进行运转.Don’tdaydream!Stayalert!Keepyoureyesopenwhiledriving.Alwayswatchwhereyouaregoing.湿润路面及容易滑行的地板上要减速运转如所周知,在湿地或容易滑行的地板面上,是极难于进行控制的.运转铲车,不论在泥地,崎岖不平之地,也都要运转,并不是为取得狩猎旅行中的优胜.Slowdownforwet,slipperyareasYouknowhoweasyitistolosecontrolofyourforklifttruckonwet,slipperyplaces.DrivingforkliftisnotforwinningaSafariRally,inspiteofsimilarroadcondititons.转弯时减速及按下喇叭发出警告在视线不良地区,应减速运转.如有后视镜等设备,应加利用.注意”停止”标识,一旦停车后,如有必要,按下喇叭,然后,慎重前进.GoslowandsoundthehornatcornersGoslowwherevervisionislimitedorobstructed.Ifyourplanthastrafficmirrors,usethem.Observestopsigns,stopyourforklifttruckcompletely,soundthehornifnecessaryandthenproceedwithextremecaution.尽可能斜角地缓行通过铁路轨道交叉地通过铁轨时,即使缓行,亦能发生颠簸.为平稳通过计,每次仅通过一个车辆,打斜通过.CrossrailroadtracksslowlyanddiagonallywheneverpossilbleArailroadcrossingcangivealoadedforklifttruckarealjolt.Forsmoothercrossing,crosstherailroaddiagonallysoonewheelcrossesatatime.不能驶越过路面障碍物与其驶越或绕回过身障碍物,不如把它搬移去.更要避免通过凹凸路面,以便防止松散货物.AvoidrunningoverlooseobjectsRemovehazardouslooseobjectsratherthandrivingoveroraroundthem.Avoidholesandbumpsthatmightdisturbyourload.(三)常见之操作错误随时注意头上障碍物和载货,柱之间的空隙天花板上设备,如电灯,电线,各种管子,喷水灭火器,门户的槛,运输带等和车辆头部间距离,要充足.天花板较低的场所,应充分降低柱高后进行运转.AlwayswatchloadandmastoverheadclearanceBesureofsufficientheadroomunderoverheadinstallationssuchaslights,wiring,pipework,sprinklersystems,doorwaylintels,conveyors.Keepthemastaslowaspossibleinallareaswhereoverheadclearancesarelimited.注意两侧的空隙在特别宽大货载时,注意两侧空隙,尽可能在通路中间行驶,同时,更要注意到通路外之机械运转人员,有无其他不相干人物的.WatchsideclearanceWatchyoursideclearance,especiallywithwideloads.Wherepossible,driveinthecenteroftheaisletoavoidendangeringpersonnelorequipment.驾驶员的手足,不要伸出车外侧运转时,不能把手、足或身体的其他部分伸出到车外，您只有两只手脚，因此，要特别注意。KeephandsandfeetinsidethetruckWhiledriving，donotputyourarmsorlegsoutsidetheforklifttruck。Youonlyhaveonesetofeach。Takecareofthem。注意后端摆动

在狭小通路或场所，应注意车辆后端摆动。铲车是利用后轮爬行之故，在转弯进，后端可能发生大的摆动。

Watchrearendswing

becausetherearwheelssteeryourtruck，therearendswingswidewhenyoutrun。Usecareinaislesandothertightplces。不能让叉尖碰任何物件在驶行到工作台，货堆，或任何固定物件前站立之人员身前时，应特加注意。同时经常要把叉降落后前进。DonotallowtheforktipsstrikeobjectsExtremecareshouldbeexercisedwhendrivingnearanyoneinfrontofanyfixedobject。Andalwayskeeptheforksdown。被巨大载货阻碍视线时，倒退行驶载货巨大，前方视线被阻挡时、倒退行驶，就能看清前进方向。或是由其他同事指示您前进方向。Forbettervisionwithbulkyloads，drivebackwardIfyourfrontviewisobstructedbyanwideload，deiveinreversesoyoucanseewhereyouaregoing。Betterstill，haveaco-workerguideyou。

（三）常见之操作错误注意地板支架强度不要以为任何地区的地板都能有足够强度支持您的空载或有载铲车平安地行驶，应随时注意地板强度如何。挡块安装板是否紧牢地固定着。ObserevefloorloadinglimitsNeverassumethatanysurfaceoverwhichyourforklifttruckistooperateisstrongenoughtosupporttheweightwithorwithoutaload。Makesurethedockboardsaresecurelyfastenedandarestrongenoughtotakethismovingloadsafety。装卸载货时，应扣紧制动器及堵塞住车辆在装卸货载场所装货以前，为防止铲车和拖车突然滑动，应扣牢制动器，加以固定妥当，如果有谁加以误乱操作，会招致极大祸端。HavebrakessetandwheelblocksinwhileloadingandunloadingWhenworkingonaloadingdock，makesurethatthebrakesofthetrucksortrailersaresettopreventmovementwhenyoudriveon。Ifatruckshouldrollforward，aseriousaccidentcouldhappen。不能作为升降人员用此举将招致危险。铲车专为顺利装卸货物用，并不为升降人员使用。Don‘tuseyourforklifttruckasaperaonnelliftThisisextremelydangerous。Yourforklifttruckwasdesigedforsmooth，safehandingofthings-notforelevatingpeople。搭乘人员，亦在禁止之列铲车不能装卸叉车本来目的以外之货载。由于叉车没有搭乘人员之安全设备，绝对不能容人乘坐。Don‘tcarrypassengersAgain，don’tuseyourforklifttruckformovingloadsforwhichitwasnotdesigned。ThereisNOsafeplaceonaforklifttruckforapassengertoride。离开铲车时，应断开电源经常停放平坦地面，使叉降落地面，以便防止他人玩弄。确认制动器是否卡紧，变速杆是否在空档位置，然后拔出起动器键和蓄电池插塞。ShutoffyourforklifttruckwhenleavingitunattendedAlwaysparkonlevelgroundwiththeforksflatonthefloorsonoonewillrunintothem。Makesurethatthebrakesareset，thecontrolsinneutralandthestarterkeyor

batteryplugremoved。加油进不能吸烟加油及检查蓄电池时，一定要关闭引擎，停止吸烟。要紧记驾驶席并不是吸烟用座席。NosmokingwhilerefuelingTurnoffenginewhenrefuelingtheforklifttruckorwhencheckingthebattery-anddon’tsmoke！Remember，thedriver‘sseatisnotasmokingseat。（三）常见之操作错误在坡道工作，如货载巨大时，应有助理员指导如货载面积巨大，阻碍前方视场，并需要上坡时，应将货载向着前进方向前进，并由其他同事协助指导。UseanassistantwhengoingupordownarampwithabulkyloadWhendrivingforwarduparampwithaloadsobigyoucan’tseeahead，getsomeonetoguideyouandmakesurethewayisclear。平衡式铲车上斜坡时，载货之铲车，铲叉应向上坡位。下斜坡时，应倒车行驶。CounterbalancetrucksDrivingonslopes。Thesetrucksarealwaysdrivenwiththeforkstowardsthecrownofaslopeofhill。电叉车上斜坡时，应倒车行驶。下斜坡时，铲叉应向下坡位。OutriggertrucksThesetrucksarealwaysdrivenwiththeforksfacingawayFromthecrownofahillorslope。伸叉式电叉车上斜坡时，铲叉及排架应调至适当后倾角度，行驶时铲叉应向上坡位。下斜坡时，应倒车行驶，防止货物颠倒滑落。ReachtrucksThesetrucksarealwaysdrivenwiththeforkstowardsthecrownofahillorslope。Thistypeoftruckshouldalsohaveitsloadloweredandmasttitledwhendrivingupaslope。（四）货叉、链