早教英文课程课堂PPT

Thestudyof

children’sdevelopment1C4Questions

(putyournameatthetop)1.Fromyourownexperience,doyouthinkthatdevelopmentiscontinuous,discontinuous,orboth?Giveoneormoreexamplestoillustrateyourthinking.2.Inyourview,whenpeoplechangeordevelopthisismostlyasaresultof: -experiencestheyhave -theirgeneticmakeupandunderlyingbiologicalchanges -acombinationofexperienceandbiologicalfactorsGiveanexampleofachangeinyourowndevelopmentthatdemonstrateswhatyouthink.Copyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.DomainsofDevelopmentDomainChangesinPhysicalBodysize&proportions,appearanceFunctioningofbodysystems,healthPerceptual&motorcapacitiesCognitiveIntellectualabilitiesLanguageEmotionalandSocialEmotionalcommunicationSelf-understanding,knowledgeaboutothersInterpersonalskills&relationshipsMoralreasoning&behaviorPeriodsofDevelopmentPrenatalConceptiontobirthInfancyandToddlerhoodBirthto2yearsEarlyChildhood2to6yearsMiddleChildhood6to11yearsAdolescence11to18yearsEmergingAdulthood18to25yearsTheoryAnorderly,integratedsetofstatementsthatdescribesbehavior.explainsbehavior.predictsbehavior.Photodisc,Education2RoyaltyFreeBasicIssuesinDevelopmentContinuousordiscontinuous?Onecourseofdevelopmentormanypossiblecourses?Relativeinfluenceofnatureandnurture?Figure1.1ContinuousorDiscontinuousDevelopmentFigure1.2NatureandNurture

Nature(Biology&genetics)Inborn,biologicgivensBasedongeneticinheritanceNurture(Experience)PhysicalandsocialworldInfluencesbiologicalandpsychologicaldevelopment©StuartMonk|D

Stabilityvs.Plasticity?StabilityIndividualshighorlowinacharacteristicremainsoatlaterages.

Earlyexperiencemayahavelifelongimpact.PlasticityChangeispossible,basedon

experiences.ResilientChildrenPersonalcharacteristicsAwarmparentalrelationshipSocialsupportoutsidetheimmediatefamilyCommunityresourcesandopportunities©AmiBeyer|D

EatingDinnerTogetherCanMakeaDifferenceFigure2.8HistoricalViewsofChildhoodMedievalEraChildhood(toage7or8)regardedasseparatephasewithspecialneeds,protections16thCenturyPuritan“childdepravity”views17thCenturyJohnLocke“tabularasa”or“blankslate”view;continuousdevelopment18thCenturyJean-JacquesRousseau“noblesavages”view;naturalmaturationEarlyScientificStudy

ofDevelopmentEvolutionaryTheoryDarwin’sideasofnaturalselectionandsurvivalofthefittestarestillinfluential.NormativeApproachHall&Gesell:Age-relatedaveragesbasedonmeasurementsoflargenumbersofchildrenMentalTestingMovementBinet&Simon:EarlydevelopersofintelligencetestsFreud’sThreePartsof

thePersonalityIdLargestportionofthemindUnconscious,presentatbirthSourceofbiologicalneeds&desiresEgoConscious,rationalpartofmindEmergesinearlyinfancyRedirectsidimpulsesacceptablySuperegoTheconscienceDevelopsfromages3to6,frominteractionswithcaregiversErikson’sPsychosocialStagesBasictrustv.mistrustBirth–1yearIdentityv.roleconfusionAdolescenceAutonomyv.shameanddoubt1–3yearsIntimacyv.isolationEmergingadulthoodInitiativev.guilt3–6yearsGenerativityv.stagnationAdulthoodIndustryv.inferiority6–11yearsIntegrityv.despairOldageBehaviorism&SocialLearningClassicalConditioningStimulus–ResponseOperantConditioningReinforcers&punishmentsSocial-CognitiveApproachModelingSelf-efficacy/watch?v=HfTTm-rgFFI/watch?v=Mt4N9GSBoMI/watch?v=NjTxQy_U3acCopyright©2012PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReserved.Piaget’sStagesof

CognitiveDevelopmentTable1.2Vygotsky’sSocioculturalTheoryTransmissionofculturetonewgenerationBeliefs,customs,skillsSocialinteractionvitalforcognitivedevelopmentCooperativedialogueswithm