2023年大学英语四级真题及答案解析全三套

2023年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套)四级听力第一套：NewsReport1A9-year-oldgirlinNewMexicohasraisedmorethan$500forherlittlebrotherwhoneedsheartsurgeryinHouston,TexasthisJuly.AddisonWitulski'sgrandmotherKimAllred,saidAddisonprobablyoverheardaconversationbetweenfamilymemberstalkingaboutthefundsneededtogetherlittlebrothertotreatment.

"Iguesssheoverheardhergrandfatherandmetalkingabouthowwe'reworriedabouthowwe'regoingtogettoHouston,formygrandson'sheartsurgery,"saidAllred.Shedecidedtogooutsideandhavealemonadestandandmakesomedrawingsandpicturesandsellthem.”That'swhenAddisonandherfriendsErikaandEmilyBordendecidedtoselllemonadefor50centsacupandsellpicturesfor25centseach.BeforeAllredknewit,NewMexicoStatePoliceOfficerswereamongthemanystoppingbyhelpingthemreachatotalof$568.

Thefamilyturnedtosocialmediaexpressingtheirgratitudesaying,"Fromthebottomofourhearts,wewouldliketodeeplythankeachandeverypersonthatstoppedby!"

1:WhodidAddisonraisethemoneyfor?2:HowdidAddisonraisethemoney?

1.D)Herlittlebrother.2.B)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.NewsReport2:Lastweek,Franceannouncedthatthecountrywillpave621milesofroadwithsolarpanelsoverthenextfiveyearswiththegoalofprovidingcheap,renewableenergytofivemillionpeople.CalledtheWard

Way,theroadswillbebuiltthroughjointeffortswiththeFrenchroadbuildingcompanyColasandtheNationalInstituteofSolarEnergy.Thecompanyspentthelastfiveyearsdevelopingsolarpanelsthatareonlyaboutaquarterofinchthickandarestrongenoughtostanduptoheavyhighwaytrafficwithoutbreakingormakingtheroadsmoreslippery.Thepanelsarealsodesignedsothattheycanbeinstalleddirectlyontopoftheexistingroadways,makingthemrelativelycheapandeasytoinstall.Franceisthefirstcountrytokickaroundtheideaofpavingitsroadswithsolarpanels.InNovember2023,theNetherlandscompleteda229-footlongbikepathpavedwithsolarpanelsasatestforfutureprojects.However,thisisthefirsttimeapanelhasbeendesignedtobelaiddirectlyontopexistingroadsandthefirstprojecttoinstallthepanelsonpublichighways.

3:WhatwasFrance’spurposeofconstructingtheWard

Way?4:WhatisspecialaboutthesolarpanelsusedintheWard

Way?

3.B)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.4.C)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.

NewsReport

3LionshavedisappearedfrommuchofAfrica,butforthepastfewyearsscientistshavewonderedifthebigcatswerehangingoninremotepartsofSudanandEthiopia.Continuousfightingintheregionhasmadesurveysdifficult.ButscientistsreleasedareportMondaydocumentingwithhardevidencethediscoveryof"lostlions."AteamwithOxfordUniversity’sWildlifeConservationResearchUnit,supportedbyacharityorganization,spenttwonightsinNovembercampinginanationalparkinnorthwestEthiopiaontheEthiopia-Sudanborder.Theresearcherssetoutsixcameratraps,capturingimagesoflions,andtheidentifiedliontracks.

ThescientistsconcludedthatlionsarealsolikelytoliveinaneighboringnationalparkacrosstheborderinSudan.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNaturehadpreviouslyconsideredtheareaa"possiblerange"forthespecies,andlocalpeoplehadreportedseeinglionsinthearea,butnoonepresentedconvincingevidence.

5:WhathasmadeitdifficulttosurveylionsinremotepartsofSudanandEthiopia?6:Whatwasthemainpurposeoftheresearch?7:Whatdidtheresearchersfindinthenationalpark?

5.C)Endlessfighingintheregion.6.D)Tofindevidenceofthelions'disappearance.7.A)Lions'tracks.

ConversationOneM:Ibegyou’relookingforwardtotheendofthismonth.Aren’tyou?W:Yes,Iam.Howdidyouknow?M:Davidtoldmeyouhadaspecialbirthdaycomingup.W:Oh,yes.That’sright.Thisyearwouldbemygoldenbirthday.M:Whatdoesthatmean?I’veneverheardofagoldenbirthday.W:I’veactuallyjustlearnedofthisconceptmyself.Fortunately,justintimetocelebrate.Agoldenorluckybirthdayiswhenoneturnstheageoftheirbirthdate.So,forexample,mysister’sbirthdayisDecember9thandhergoldenbirthdaywouldhavebeentheyearsheturns9yearsold.Cometothinkofit,myparentsdidthrowherasurprisepartythatyear.M:Interesting.ToobadImissedmine.Mygoldenbirthdaywould’vebeenfouryearsago.Iassumedlygotabigplanthen.W:Actuallyyes.Myhusbandisplanningasurpriseholidayforthetwoofusnextweek.Ihavenoideawhathe’sgotteninmind,butI’mexcitedtofindout.Hashementionedanythingtoyou?M:Hemighthave.W:Anythingyou’dliketoshare?I’mdyingtoknowwhatkindoftriphehasplannedwherewe’regoing.M:Yeah,nothingatall.W:Notaclue.Hardtoimagine,isn’tit!ThoughImustsay,Ithinkithasbeenevenmorefunkeepingthesecretformethepastfewweeks.M:I’msurebothofyouwillhaveafantastictime.Happygoldenbirthday!Ican’twaittohearallaboutitwhenyougetback.

8.Whatdoesthewomanlookingforwardto?9.Whatdidthewoman’sparentsdoonhersister’sluckybirthday?10.Whatisthewomaneagertofindoutabout?11.Whatdoesthemansayattheendoftheconversation?

8.D)Her"luckybrithday".9.A)Threwherasuperiseparty.10.C)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.11.B)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple'sholidayturnsout.ConversationTwoW:Mr.Green,Whatdoyouthinkmakesasuccessfulnegotiator?M:Well,Itdoeshardtodefine,butIthinksuccessfulnegotiatorshaveseveralthingsincommon.Theyarealwayspoliteandrationalpeople,theyarefirm,butflexible.Theycanrecognizepowerandknowhowtouseit.Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsinthenegotiation,thewayitraisesandfalls,andhowmaychangethedirection.Theyprojecttheimageofconfidence,andperhapsmostimportantly,theyknowwhentostop.W:Andwhataboutanunsuccessfulnegotiator?M:Well,thisprobablyallofuswhenwestartout.Weareprobablyimmatureandover-trusting,tooemotionaloraggressive.Weareunsureofourselvesandwanttobelikedbyeveryone.Goodnegotiatorslearnfast,poolnegotiatorsremainlikethatandgoonlosingnegotiations,W:Inyouropinion,cantheskillsofnegotiationbetaught?M:Well,youcanteachsomeonehowtopreparefornegotiation.Thereperhapssixstagesineverynegotiation,gettoknowtheotherside,stayyourgoals,starttheprocess,clarifythereisadisagreementorconflict,reassessyourposition,makingacceptablecompromise,andfinallyreachsomeagreementsandprincipals.Thesestagescanbestudied,andstrategiestobeusedineachcanbeplannedbefore-hand.ButIthinkthereallysuccessfulnegotiatorisprobablybornwiththesixthsensethatmayrespondproperlytothesituationathand.W:Theartisticsenseyoujustdescribed?M:Yes,that’sright

12.What’sthemansayaboutgoodnegotiators?13.Whatdoesthemansay,maybethemostimportantthingtoasuccessfulnegotiator?14.Howisagoodnegotiatordifferentfromapoorone?15.What’sthefirststageofanegationaccordingtotheman?

12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.

13.B)Theyknowwhentostop.

14.C)Theylearnquickly.

15.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.

PassageOneSomepeoplewonderwhycountriesspendmillionsofdollarsonspaceprojects.Theywanttoknowhowspaceresearchhelpspeopleonearth.Actually,spacetechnologyhelpspeopleoneartheveryday.Thisiscalledspin-offtechnology.Spin-offtechnologyisspacetechnologythatisnowusedonearth.Inearlyspaceprograms,suchastheApollomissionsofthe1960sand1970sandinthespaceshuttlemissionstoday,scientistsdevelopedobjectsfortheastronautstouseonthemoonandinspace.Wenowusesomeoftheseobjectseveryday.Forexample,wehavequartzcrystalclocksandwatchesaccuratetowithinoneminuteayear.Wepurifythewaterwedrinkwiththewaterfilterdesignedfortheastronautstouseinspace.Thecordlesshand

heldtoolsweuseinourhomes,suchasvacuumcleaners,flashlights,drillscamefromthetechnologyoftheseearlyspaceprograms.Oncoldwinterdays,wecanstaywarmwithbattery-operatedglovesandsocks,especiallymadecoatsandjackets.Alltheclothesaresimilartothespacesuitsdesignsthatkeptastronautscomfortableinthetemperaturesofthemoon,inourspin

offsfromspacetechnology.Theseproductsareonlyafewexamplesofthemanywaysspacetechnologyhelpsusinoureverydaylives.Nooneknowshownewspin

offtechnologyfromtheinternationalspacestationwillhelpusinthefuture.

16.Whatdosomepeoplewanttoknowaboutspaceexploration?17.Whatdidscientistdoforthespaceshuttlemissions?18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthequartzcrystalclocksandwatches?

16.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.18.C)Theyareextremelyaccurate.PassageTwoWell,ifIcouldgetbackinhistoryandlive,I'dliketogetbacktothe18thcenturyandperhapsincolonialAmericainYankeenewEnglandwhereoneofmyancestorslived,becauseitwasthebeginningofsomething.Bythe18thcentury,therewasafeelingofcommunitythathadgrown.Myancestorwasthepreachertravelingaroundcountryside.Peoplelivedinsmallcommunities.Itwasfishermanandfarmerswhoprovidedfreshfoodthattastedandlookedlikefood.Unliketoday’ssupermarkets,andthereweresmalltownsandNewYorkwasn'tthatfaraway.I'mdeeplyattachedtothepuritantraditionnotinareligioussense.Buttheybelieved

inworkingforsomething,workingforgoals.AndIlikethat.Theyworkedhardatwhatevertheydid,buttheyhadasenseofachievement.Theybelievedingoodness,incommunity,andhelpingoneanother.Ilovethecolonialfabricsorthesilverworks,thefurnishings,thecombinationofelegancesimplicity.I'dloveit.Theprinting,thebooks,I’mveryattachedtoallthatkindofthing.Thatmaynotallbeveryentertaininginthemodernsenseoftheworld,butIwouldhaveenjoyedspendingmyeveningsinthatenvironment,discussingnewideas,buildinganewworld,andIcanseemyselfsittingonasmallchairbythefiredoingneedlework.

19.Whydoesthespeakersayshewouldliketogobackandliveinthe18thcenturyAmerica?20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthePuritans?21.Whatwouldthespeakerlikedoingifshecouldgobacktothepast?19.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.20.A)Theybelievedworkingforgoals.21.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.

PassagethreeIfyouarelostinthewoods,alittleknowledgeconcernedwithsomepeoplecalledahardshipintoanenjoyablestayawayfromthetroublesofmodernsociety.Whenyouthinkyou'relost,sitdownonthelogorrock,orleanagainstthetree,andrecitesomethingyouarememorizedtobringyourmindtothepointwhereisundercontrol.Don’trunblindlyifyoumustmove,don'tfollowstreamunlessyouknowit,andinthatcaseyou'renotlost.Streamsnormallyflowthroughwidelandbeforetheyreachalakeorriverthoughtherearemoreeatableplants,theremayalsobewildanimals,poisonoussnakes,andotherhazards.Manyexpertsfeelitisthewisesttowalkuphill.Atthetopofmosthillsandmountainsaretrailslivingbacktocivilizations.Iftherearenotrails,you'remucheasiertobeseenontopofthehill.Andyoumayevenspotthehighwayorrailroadfromthispoint.Nowadays,thefirstwaysomeofyousearchforyouisbyair.Inthewidelandsorindensegrass,we'reveryhardtospot.Anytimeyouaregoingtothewoods,somebodyshouldknowwhereyou'regoing,andwhenyouareexpectedtoreturn,alsowhensomeonecomestolooking,youshouldbeabletosignaltothem.

22.Whatdoesthespeakeradviseyoutodofirstifyouarelostinthewoods?23.Whatwillhappenifyoufollowanunknownstreaminthewoods?24.Whatdomanyexpertsthinkisthewisestthingtodoifyou'relostinthewoods?25.Whatshouldyoudobeforeyougointothewoods?

22.

C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself23.

B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.24.

D)Walkuphill.25.

A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.

四级听力第二套：

答案：

1.D)Ithasgotoneofitsinjured.2.C)Itsvideoswerepostedonsocialmedia.3.A)Thedistancetravelled.4.B)Gasconsumptionissoaring.5.B)Hehelpsastrangertocarrygroceriestohiscar.6.C)Heraisedalargesumofmoneyforhim.7.A)Heworkshardtosupporthisfamily.8.A)Attendaneconomicslecture9.C)Attendhisbrother’sbirthdayparty10.D)Joinhiminhisbrother’sbirthdaycelebration11.B)Bytrain12.A)Takingavacationabroad.13.C)Workingparttimeasawaiter.14.B)Saveenoughmoney..15.A)Hehasrichsailingexperience.16.D)ShewasalsoaNobelPrizewinner.17.B)ShedevelopedX-rayfacilitiesformilitaryhospitals.18.

A)Bothdiedofbloodcancer.19.C)TheydiscoveredIcelandintheninthcentury.20.D)Itwasarockymassoflandcoveredwithice.21.A)TheeViking’soceanexplorations.22.

C)Dreamaboutthefuture.23.B)Changewhathehasforhispastimaginaryworld.24.D)Internationalbusiness.25.B)Becontentwithwhatyouhave.四级阅读第一套：

选词填空

26.[K]superior27.[D]nuisance28.[M]tip29.[O]visual30.[A]associated31.[F]preventing32.[H]sensitive33.[I]slight34.[C]indicate35.[J]specify匹配题

36.

[I]

Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.37.

[E]

Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performancesinotherscourses.38.

[C]

Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents39.

[D]

In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.40.

[B]

Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.41.

[H]

Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.42.

[G]

Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.43.

[F]

Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsonthetypeofcoursebeingtaught.44.

[A]

Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.45.

[J]

Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.仔细阅读

46.BTheyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.47.AItmightbepreventedandtreated.48.DItwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.49.CTheycancontributetopeople'shealthonlytoalimitedextent.50.AThehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.51.CMoremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.52.CMenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.53.BTheycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.54.DTheydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.DStartapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen'sstatusinacademiccircles.四级阅读第二套：

选词填空

Weallknowthereexistsagreat

void（空白）inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto

26

toSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)courses.OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.ShenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitySTEMeducationatall

27

ofthepubliceducationalsystem.Shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringForKids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto

28

myownkidsin.”

Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren

29

inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate

30

,shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand

31

it.TheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.

DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto

32

recreationcenters.Today,theEFKprogram

33

over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2023to$10millionin2023,with25newbranchesplannedfor2023.TheEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot

34

enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat

35

.”26.G

exposure

27.L

levels28.F

enroll29.O

participated30.C

championships31.E

developing32.M

local33.N

operates34.J

graduating35.B

career匹配题36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.H）Moreover,inordertobecurious,”youhavetoawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.”AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon’tknow,he’ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:”Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.D)

ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebook

Curious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis“Yes”.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge’ssake.O)

AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader'spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn'tparticularlywanttoknow.39.Politicalleaders’lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.M)

AlthoughLeslie’sbookisn’taboutpolitics,hedoesn’tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians’andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.B)

Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth.“Ihavebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isn’tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.L)

Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.

42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.K)

Citingtheworkofpsychologistsand

cognitive（认知旳）scientists,Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive：“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.J)

Somewhatnostalgically（怀旧地），hequoteJohnMaynardKeynes’sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:”Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoon’sentertainment.”Ifonly!44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.G)

Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makeusmorecurious.45.Mankindwouldn’tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.F)

Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.仔细阅读

46.

Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?B）Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher

47.

Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanisationinotherpartsoftheworld?

B)Itstartedwhenpeople’sincomewasrelativelyhigh.

48.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?

A)Itlacksadequatetransportfacilities.

49.Inwhat

waydoesauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?

C)Theyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofnature.

50.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?

D)Amoreresponsiblegovernment

51.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave___.B)anambitiontogetahead

52.WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream?

C)Americans’

ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.

53.WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?A)Itstillremainsopentodebate.

54.Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays?D)Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.

55.WhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillFendley?D)Aclearaimandhighmotivation.四级阅读第三套：

选词填空

26.Ksuperior27.Dnuisance28.Mtip29.Ovisual30.Aassociated31.Fpreventing32.Hsensitive33.Islight34.Cindicate35.Bexamine匹配题

36.I37.E38.C39.D40.B

41.H42.G43.F44.A45.J仔细阅读

46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.

48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.

49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.

50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.

52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.

53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.

54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.

55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen’sstatusinacademiccircles.

四级翻译一：

泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，并且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000数年一直是人们前去朝拜旳地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多旳文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处重要旳旅游景点。LocatedinwesternShandongprovinceineasternChina,MountTaistandsover1500metersabovesealevelandcoversanareaofabout400squarekilometers.Itisamountainofhistoricalandculturalsignificance.ReligiousworshipofMountTaidatesback3,000years.Inrecordedhistory,72emperorscameheretopayhomagetoheavenandearth.MountTaihasseenmanypoets,literaryscholarsaswellaspainterswhohavetraveledthereforinspiration.ThatexplainswhyMountTaifeaturesnumerousculturalrelicsandhistoricsites.MountTaihasbecomeoneoftheleadingtouristattractionsinChina.

四级翻译二：

华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭旳一部分。秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜旳泰山不一样。华山过去很少有人光顾。由于上山旳道路极其危险。然而，但愿长寿旳人却常常上山，由于山上生长着许多药草，尤其是某些稀有旳药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增长。

MountHuaislocatedinHuayinCity(Shaanxi,China),120kilometersawayfromXi’an.ItispartoftheQinlingorQinMountains,whichdividenotonlynorthernandsouthernShaanxi,butalsosouthandnorthChina.UnlikeMountTaithatusedtobefrequentedbyworshipers/pilgrims,

MountHuawasnotwellvisitedbypilgrimsfromtherestofChinaastheroadsinthemountainwereextremelydangerous/becauseofinaccessibilityofitssummits.Backthen,however,thosewhowishedtoenjoylongevity/immortalityseekersventuredinMountHuaquitealotbecauseitwasbelievedthatnumerousherbs,rareonesinparticular,grewinthemountain.SincecablecarswereinstalledinMountHuainthe1990s,thenumberofvisitorshasincreaseddramatically/significantly/exponentially/themountainhasseenadramaticriseintouristarrivals.

四级翻译三：

黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山旳宏伟壮丽，一般得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山旳湿润气候有助于茶树生长，是中国重要产茶地之一。这里尚有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国重要旅游目旳地之一，也是摄影和老式国画最受欢迎旳主题。

LocatedinsouthernAnhuiprovinceineasternChina,HuangshanorliterallyYellowMountainisknownforitsuniquenaturalscenery,particularlysunrisesandseaofclouds.Toappreciatethemagnificenceofthemountain,youhavetolookupwardinmostcaseswhiletoenjoythefascinatinglandscapeofHuangshan,you'vegottolookdownward.Thehumidclimateoftheareaoffersfavorableconditionsforteatreestogrow,whichmakesthesurroundingareaofHuangshanoneofthemajorproducersofteas.Themountainisalsohometonumeroushotsprings,whichishelpfulforpreventingskindisease.AsoneofthetoptouristdestinationsinChina,HuangshanrepresentsoneofthemostpopularthemesofphotographicworksandtraditionalChinesepaintings.

四级写作一：亲子关系

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