电子版正式英文文章的通用格式

Unit1

ChangesintheWayweLiveTextAMr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLife电子版正式英文文章的通用格式

作文请用TimesNewRoman字体，1.5倍行距，两端对齐，正文小四号字，标题三号字。这是电子版正式英文文章的通用格式。另外,请先用word文档的自动纠错功能检查一下标点及拼写错误。有关英文标点符号的用法请参看以下网页：/bbs/archiver/tid-726655.htmlObjectivesTo

graspthemainideaofthetextToappreciatethevariouswritingtechniquesemployedbythewriterTomasterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetextTotalkaboutcountry/citylifeandchangesofthewayweliveII.CulturalNotes1.LifeStyles

& TheirAdvantagesandDisadvantages

metropolitanlife urban/citylife suburbanlife country(side)/rurallife

Manypeopleassociatethecountrysidewithpeaceandrelaxation.Theyspendtheirfreetimewalkingorcyclingthere,orgotothecountryforapicnic.Onlyafewpeopleliveinthecountryandworkonfarms.Manychoosetoliveinthesuburbanandworkintowns.Manyothersdreamoflivinginthecountry.Nowlisttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoftheabovelifestyles.II.CulturalNotes2.Fahrenheitscale&Celsiusscale

FahrenheitscalewasfirstestablishedbytheGermanphysicistGabrielFahrenheitin1715.Onthisscale,waterfreezesat32°Fandboilsat212°F(undersetatmosphericconditions). Fahrenheittemperaturesstillfeatureineverydaylanguagethoughnolongerusedinscientificwork;hotdays“intheeighties”,forexample. FormulaofconvertingaFahrenheittemperaturetoCelsius(centigrade)is “subtract32,thenmultiplyby5/9”,i.e.

(F-32)×5/9=C.

Afterweread:Listthehappinessandhardshipsthefamilyhasexperiencedinthecountry.Happymomentsandevents____________________________________________________________________________________________Hardships____________________________________________________________________________________________Celsiusscale,formerlycommonlyknownasthecentigradescale,wasfirstestablishedbytheSwedishscientistAndersCelsiusin1742.Itisascaleoftemperatureonwhichwaterfreezesat0°Candboilsat100°C(underagreedstandardatmosphericconditions).ToconvertfromdegreesCelsiustodegreesFahrenheit,multiplyby9/5andadd32,i.e. C×9/5+32=F

II.CulturalNotes3.TheIvyLeague（常青藤协会）

Itreferstotheeightlong-establishedcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStateswithprestigiousacademicandsocialreputations.ThemembersoftheIvyLeaguecompeteinintercollegiateathletics.MembersoftheIvyLeaguegoasfollows:1)

BrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland;2)

ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity;3)

CornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork;4)DartmouthCollegeinHanover,NewHampshire;5)HarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts;6)

UniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia;7)

PrincetonUniversityinPrinceton,NewJersey;8)

YaleUniversityinNewHaven,Connecticut.

II.CulturalNotes4.SportsIllustrated（《体育画报》） ApopularUSsportsmagazinepublishedeachweekbyTimeInc,partofTimeWarner.Itfirstappearedin1954,andisreadmainlybymen.ThemagazinealsopublishestheSportsIllustratedSportsAlmanac（年鉴)everyyear.

5.IndividualRetirementAccount(个人退休帐户) IRAisaUSgovernmentprogramthatallowspeopletoputpartoftheirincomeintospecialbankaccounts.Notaxhastobepaidonthismoneyuntiltheyretire.II.CulturalNotes6.InsurancePolicies Factorstobetakenintoconsiderationwhenwechooseaninsuranceprovidermainlyinclude:

1)

thefinancialstabilityoftheinsurancecompany; 2)

thepriceofpolicies;and 3)

detailsofcoverageandservice. Mostinsurancefallsinto4categoriesaccordingtowhatitcovers:

1)Propertyandcasualty(意外伤害）, 2)life, 3)healthanddisability,and 4)oldageandunemployment

II.CulturalNotes7.E.B.White(1899-1985):

LeadingAmericanessayistandliterarystylistknownforhiscrisp,graceful,relaxedstyle. White'sstoriesrangedfromsatiretochildren'sfiction.Whileheoftenwrotefromtheperspectiveofslightlyironiconlooker,hewasalsoasensitivespokesmanforthefreedomoftheindividual.Amonghismostenduringessaysis‘OnceMoretotheLake.’

White'sfavoritesubjectswerethecomplexitiesofmodernsociety,failuresoftechnologicalprogress,thepleasuresofurbanandrurallife,war,andinternationalism. WhitewasawardedthegoldmedalforessaysandcriticismoftheNationalInstituteofArtsandLetters,andaPulitzerPrizespecialcitationin1978.HeheldhonorarydegreesfromsevenAmericancollegesanduniversitiesandwasamemberoftheAmericanAcademy.

III.TextAnalysis1.UnderstandingtheParagraphsPara1……(omitted课上已解释）III.TextAnalysis2.TextOrganization Q: Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto? A: Three.PartOne(Paras.1-3)Ageneralintroduction Theauthorrealizeshisdreamofwritingandlivingonafarmandviewshislifeinthecountryasself-sufficientandsatisfactory.PartTwo(Paras.4-11)Goodnessandtoughnessofcountrylife Lifeoffarmingandwritinginthecountryisgoodandsometimestough.PartThree(Paras12-15)Reflectionsontheauthor’scountrylife

Toleranceforsolitudeandalotofenergyhavemadeitpossibleforthefamilytoliveahappylifeinthecountry.III.TextAnalysis3.Writingstyle

Theauthorwritesthispieceinaclearandlogicalway.Inmanyinstancesheemploysthepattern

of“onetopicsentence＋

severaldetailsentences”structure.It’seasyforreaderstograspthemainidea,anditisalsoproveneffectiveforlearnerwriterslikeourstudents.

Sometimesthedetailsentencesrunparallel（平行）toeachother,likethoseinPara2.Insomeotherparagraphsthedetailsentenceshavetheirownhierarchy（等级、级系）.TakePara5forexample.Thefirstsentencetellshowbusy“I”am.ThesecondsentencestatesthatSandy,thewife,isalsobusy.Thefinalsentenceisakindofsummary—nobodycanrelax.YetfollowingthesecondsentencethereareafewmoreIII.TextAnalysis

detailsentencesshowingexactlyhowtightascheduleSandyhas TakeParas.12-13foranotherexample.Thetopicsentencethereinis“Isuspectnoteveryone

wholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.”Thentherearetwosubtopicsentences:“Oneisatoleranceforsolitude”;“Theotherrequirementisenergy---alotofit.”Eachsubtopicsentencehasitsownsupportingdetails.

Sometimesthereisnotransitionaldevicesbetweendetailsentences,sometimesthereare,themostfrequentlyusedoneofwhichistimewordsorphrases.Forexample,thedetailsentencesinPara4beginwith“threemonthsago”,“threemonthsfromnow”,“recently”,and“laterthismonth”,respectively.Tobesure，otherconjunctionsscatterthetext,like“first”---“then”---“then”---“eventually”inPara7.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheTextIntroductoryParagraph:1.havearomanticideaoflife:thinkoflifeasromantic2.liveofftheland:feed/liveontheproduceoftheland3.getroundtoputtingtheirdreamsintopractice:findthetimetorealizetheirdreamse.g.--Heevendidn’tgetroundtovisitinghisparentswholivedallbythemselvesattheageofeighty.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText4.IamnotinE.B.White’sclassasawriterorinmyneighbour’sleagueasafarmer,butI’mgettingby.(Line3)

Paraphrase:

Asawriter,IamnotasgoodasE.B.White;neitheramIasgoodafarmerasmyneighbourwhoisamemberofthefarmers’league.Anyhow,Icanmanagetodowellenoughbothasawriterandasafarmer.5.getby(Line3):begoodenoughbutnotverygood;managetoliveordothingsinasatisfactorywaye.g.--Itisalittlebitdifficultfortheoldcoupletogetbyonsuchasmallpension.--Wecangetbywithfourcomputersatthemoment,butwe'llneedacouplemorewhenthenewstaffmembersarrive.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText6.Makeitthroughtheheatingseason[Line9]:succeedingettingthroughthecoldseasonwhenheatingisrequired.

Makeit:succeedindoingsomethingthatboththespeakerandthelistenerknows e.g.

--Driver,it’s11:30andIwanttocatchthe12o’clocktraintoManchester.Canwemakeit?--Ithink

wewillmakeitifwetaketheexpressway.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText7.Pursueherowndemandingschedule(Line26):followherbusyanddifficulttimetable

pursue:

strivetogain,achieveoraccomplishe.g.--AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfather(子承父业)asaminister.--Collegestudentsareadvisedtopursueawiderangeofsubjects(从事广泛学科的学习).--Publiceveningclassesallowpeopletoearnalivingduringthedayandpursuevocationalandintellectualinterests(从事职业和脑力方面的兴趣爱好)intheirsparetime.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText8.Thereis,astheoldsayinggoes,norestforthewicked…..(Line31)

Paraphrase: Justastheoldsayinggoes,thereisnorestforthebadpeople.Itmeansthatyoumustcontinuewithyourworkorotheractivitythatyourshouldbedoing.9.getthrough(Line45):comesuccessfullytotheend

e.g.--Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthroughtheharshwinterofsnowstorm.--ShegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbySunYat-senUniversity.IV.

LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText10.

atthatpoint(Line47):atthatverymoment,rightthen

e.g.--Thetrainwasnowonlyacoupleofyardsfromthekidsonthetrack.Atthatverypoint,Anthonythrewhimselfforwardandpulledthemclear.11.onbalance(Line54):withallthingsconsidered

e.g.--Ithink,onbalance,Ididnottreatyouunfairly.--Onbalance,it’sprobablynotadvisabletochangethenameofthecompany.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText12.I’mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,…(Line60)

Paraphrase: I’mnotatallmakingasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIworkedfulltime,…

notanywherenear:notatall(asfarasextentordegreeis concerned) e.g.--HeisnotanywherenearastallasYaoMing.--Tommakesnotanywherenearasmuchashiswifewhoispaidover3,000poundseverymonth.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText13.pickup(Line66):bereadytopay; (also)learn,increase,developadisease e.g.--Ifhelosesthecase,Michaelwillhavetopickupthebillforlegalcosts(承担诉讼费用).--Taxpayerswillbepickingupthetab

(承担费用)fortheimprovedpublictransportnetwork.--HehasjustpickedupafewsentencesinCantoneseeventhoughhehasbeenhereforoverfifteenyears.--Thecarpickedupspeed（加速）

andreached200km/hwithin8seconds.--Hedinedoutoftenandpickeduphepatitis（染上肝炎）

inrestaurantswherethehygienicconditionswerepoor.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText14.Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,(Line67)

bestuckwithdoingsth.:havetodosth. e.g.--WheneverIwasstuckwithmyhomework,hewouldalwaysgoallouttohelpme.--Thebankiswhereyoucangoforloanswhenyouarestuckwithpayingdebts.IV.LanguageStudy/DetailedStudyoftheText15.asidefrom(Line69):exceptfor;inadditionto(moreusualin AmericanEnglish;sameasapartfrom) e.g.--Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis,hedoesnottakeanyexercise.--Thisessayisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes.--Theyweregoingtohaveotherexpenses,asidefromthetuition.16.cutback(Line71):reduceinsizeoramount(usedinthe patterns:cutbacksth.;cutbackonsth.)

e.g.--Thereisagrowingmovementtocutback(削弱）thegovernment’sroleinagricultureandtoreducesubsidiespaidtofarmers.--Thegovernmenthascutbackon(缩减）defensespending.WritingTechniquesuseoftransitionaldevicesWordsandphrases(L3)getby(L6)self-reliant(L8)provide…with(L9)tojustaboutmakeit(L20)long-overdueimprovements(L21)supplement(L24)Inbetweensuchchores…Wordsandphrases(L26)pursueherowndemandingschedules(L27)theusualhouseholdroutine(L30)tendtheflowerbeds(L39)waveafterwaveofproduce(L45)getthroughthewinter(L47)atthatpointWordsandphrases(L54)onbalance(L55)betterthanwehaveanyrighttoexpect(L62)mortgagepayment(L62)theusualexpenses(L67)bestuckwithpayingminorexpensesWordsandphrases(L69)asidefromthat(L70)setaside(L71)makeupthedifferenceinincome(L71)cutback(L72)lowerourstandardofliving(L72)dineout(L73)patronizelocalrestaurantsWordsandphrases(L76)combine…with…(L79)atoleranceforsolitude(L80)onsuchatightbudget(L81)socialize(L85)onasmallscale(L85)toresistthetemptation(L92)makeafairprofiton…TransitionalDevi