嘉兴海思外语小讲堂托福考试语法要点虚拟语气

托福语法之虚拟语气

什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

条件状语从句主句现在动词过去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would(should/could/might)+havedone将来动词过去式wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would(should/could/might)+动词原形表现在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)练习IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.表过去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表将来IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.练习Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.if的省略当从句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒装形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句错综时间条件句（从句主句时间不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.练习Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.一些特特殊的的虚拟拟条件件句虚拟条条件句句中可可含有有陈述述语气气的从从句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特特殊的的虚拟拟条件件句含蓄条条件句句有时，，虚拟拟由without，，with,under,引引导的的介词词短语语Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分词短短语Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式式短语语TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.连词but,butthat（（若不不是））,or或或otherwise.主句（（虚拟拟）+but/butthat+从句句（陈陈述））主句（（陈述述）+or/otherwise+从从句（（虚拟拟）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.练习ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.有时，，虚拟拟条件件句中中，主主、从从句可可以省省略其其中的的一个个，来来表示示说话话人的的一种种强烈烈的感感情。。①省略略从句句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他他本本该完完成了了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你你应应该会会通过过这次次考试试了。。②省略略主句句IfIwereathomenow.要要是是我现现在在在家里里该多多好啊啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要要是我我得到到它了了该多多好啊啊。3.虚虚拟语语气在在某些些从句句中的的运用用1.宾宾语从从句。。常见见动词词：一个坚坚持：：insist两个命命令：：order,command四个建建议：：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五个要要求：：urge\demand\require\request\desire这些动动词后后面的的宾语语从句句要使使用虚虚拟语语气用用法。。即从从句中中的动动词使使用should+动动词词原形形，或或者将将should省略略。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.练习MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.2.以以上动动词相相应的的名词词构成成的名名词性性从句句（包包括主主语从从句，，表语语从句句和同同位语语从句句）也也要使使用虚虚拟语语气。。从句句中的的动词词形式式一样样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.3.主主语从从句中中有表表示惊惊奇，，不相相信，，惋惜惜，理理应如如此还还有以以上虚虚拟语语气词词的衍衍生词词都用用虚拟拟。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+动词词原形形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+动词词原形形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+动动词原原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended练习itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.4.It's(high)time后后的的从句句的虚虚拟It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.5.定定语从从句的的虚拟拟Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.6.wish/ifonly的的虚拟拟wish/ifonly之之后的的宾语语从句句，表表示一一种没没有实实现或或根本本不可可能实实现的的愿望望，常常用虚虚拟语语气。。发生时间动词形式现在过去式（be用were)过去用过完，或couldhavedone.现在或将来would/could/might+动词原形1）表表现在在Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyouwerehere.IwishIhadmroefreetime.IfonlyIwereabird.2）过过去IwishIhadtakenyouradviceIfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IwishIcouldhavegonetothemoviewithyouyesterday.Iwishyourfathercouldhavebeentheretoseeitall.3)现现在或或将来来Iwishyouwouldagreewithme.Ifonlytherainwouldstop.IwishIcoulddance练习Iwishshe___(come)toseemyparentsmoreoften.(将来来）Sheoftenwishesthatshe___(canride)ahorse.(过去去）Iwishthetrain___(arrive)already;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.（（过去去）7.在evenif,eventhough所所引导的的让步状状语从句句中，可可用虚拟拟语气，，主句、、从句的的结构与与if所所引导的的条件从从句结构构相同。。It