供应链管理的战略和工具2

ASiaV-ChainAdvancedStrategiesandToolsforVirtualSupplyChainManagementinAsianenvironmentASIAIT&CProgrammeGENERALAIMSTheEuropeanCommission(EC)launchedtheAsiaIT&CProgrammein1999inorderto:co-financemutuallybeneficialpartnershipsinICTbetweenEuropeandAsiaimprovethequalityofEurope-AsiapartnershipslinkthetworegionsinthesearchforinnovativeandcompatiblesolutionsinIT&CAREASOFACTIVITY-Society -e-Commerce -Education-Transport -Health -Agricolture-Tourism -i-ManufacturingASIAV-CHAINProjectApplicant: UniversityofUdine–DepartmentofElectronic, ManagerialandMechanicalEngineeringUnitco-ordinator: Prof.AlbertoFeliceDeToni(Projectmanager)Europeanpartner: UniversidadPolitécnicadeValencia–Departmentof BusinessOrganisation,FinancialEconomy&Accounting

Unitco-ordinator: Prof.AngelOrtizBasAsianpartner: The

ChineseUniversityofHongKong–Departmentof DecisionSciencesandManagerialEconomicsUnitco-ordinator:

Prof.JeffHoi-yan

Yeung,Prof.XiandeZhaoASIAV-CHAINProject–HongKongTeamJeffYeung CUHKXiandeZhao CUHK徐學軍教授

華南理工大學XieJinxing 清華大學ZhaoXiaobo 清華大學GeneralAimsfacilitatingtheaccessofAsiancompaniestoEUadvancedandinnovativeorganisationalmethodologiesandICTsolutionsdesignedforamoreefficientmanagementofindustrialprocesses(negotiation,planning,scheduling,deliveryetc.)andflows(materials,information,etc.).providinginformationandtoolsforhelpingAsiancompaniestoimplementinnovativeapproachesinthefieldofSupplyChainManagementfocussingonupstreamphysical,informationandeconomicvaluesflows,withparticularreferencetocomplexindustrialsituations,suchasInter-firmNetworks.V-CHAINProject:MAINOBJECTIVES

Develop

aframework(methodology,architecture,referencemodelandtechnologies)forsupplychainmanagementinaVirtualEnterprisecontext

AnalyseandprovidemeansandamigrationpathtomovefromanExtendedEnterpriseAS-ISstatetoaVirtualEnterpriseTO-BEstateV-CHAINProject:MAINOBJECTIVESDevelopalgorithmsthatallowtodefineglobalobjectives(supplychain-wide)basedonconstraintsofallinvolvedactorsAnalyseandapplyrecenttechnologicalinnovationICTtrendstosolveVEproblemsanddevelopasupportingtechnologicalframeworkV-CHAINProject:CONSORTIUMScientificPartnersPolytechnicofValenciaDynamitNobel(Ford’ssupplier)NationalInstituteforResearchinComputerScienceandControl(France)IndustrialPartnersFordSpainConsultingcompaniesDMRCosulting(projectcoordinator)InnovaOtherpartnersExel(logisticoperator)Vitria(softwarehouse)FranciscoSegura(Ford’ssupplier)JohnsonControls(Ford’ssupplier)ApriliaUniversityofUdineV-CHAINProject:CONTEXTSupplyChainManagementRelationshipsbetweenassemblycompanyandsuppliersSuppliersCustomersRawmaterials

supplierParts

suppliersManufacturersDistribution

centresResellersV-CHAINProject:definitionofEXTENDEDENTERPRISEAnExtendedEnterpriseisadominantcompanywhichextendsitsboundariesbybuildingpartnershipswithothersinitssupplychain,improvingitscustomersvaluepropositiontoachieveasustainablecompetitiveadvantageENDCUSTOMERSuppliersSuppliersOEM/AssemblerOEM/AssemblerEnvironmentEnvironmentIntermediariesIntermediariesSingleenterpriseboundariesExtendedenterpriseboundariesV-CHAINProject:definitionofVIRTUALENTERPRISEAVirtualEnterpriseisasinglebusinessentity,compoundedbycompaniesthatsharecapitalsandmaintaindynamicandagilerelationships,inordertoenhanceitscustomer’svaluepropositionandtimelycreateandexploitcomplexmarketopportunitiesENDCUSTOMERSingleenterpriseboundariesVirtualenterpriseboundarySuppliersOEM/AssemblerEnvironmentIntermediariesOPS/OPAjointstrategyVEdemandsintegratingnotonlycapitalswithinpartnersbutalsothestrategicdecisions.Thus,thepartnersfullysharetheircapitalstocreatethenamedbusinessentityinordertobetterdefineandestablishstrategic,tacticandoperationalgoalsintothevirtualentity.FinancialFlowHCOCTCKCSCFCRCSHCOCTCKCSCFCRCDecision/ManagementFlowProducts&ServicesFlowInformation&KnowledgeFlowHC=HumanCapitalOC=OperationalCapitalKC=KnowledgeCapitalTC=TechnologicalCapitalSC=StructuralCapitalFC=FinancialCapitalRC=RelationshipCapitalS=StrategyVEBUSINESSDIMENSIONEECollaborationSynchronisationVisibilityCommunicationAcknowledgementBasicEEAdvancedEECollaborationSynchronisationVisibilityCommunicationAcknowledgementRecommendedMigrationSpaceCompleteMigrationSpaceV-CHAINProject:MIGRATIONPATHICTDIMENSIONCOMMUNICATIONFromtheknowledgeislands......totheknowledgehighwaysVISIBILITYFromtheopaquecompany......tothetransparentcompanyCOLLABORATIONFromtheWin-Loserelationship......totheWin–WinrelationshipSYNCHRONISATIONFromthetrackofadiscotheque......tothechoreographyofaballetThefoursupplychainintegrationlevelsAcompanycannotseekthelevelofVisibilityinaSCwithouthavingreachedbeforetheoneofCommunication,andsoonwithalltherestofthelevelsinthishierarchy.Source:DMRConsultingOEMWIN––LOSE/LOSE-WINWIN-WINStage1

ExtendedEnterprise(Basic/Advanced)Stage2

AcknowledgedVirtualEnterpriseStage3

CommunicatingVirtualEnterpriseStage4

VisibleVirtualEnterpriseStage5

SynchronisedVirtualEnterpriseStage6

CollaborativeVirtualEnterpriseVEOEMVECVECVVECVSVECVSCollUnderstandingthesixmigrationstagesS1-Theextendedenterprise(basicandadvanced):Thisstagerepresentstheinitialstep.S2––Theacknowledgedvirtualenterprise:predominantcompanyrecognisesthatcompaniesinvolvedintheEEmustevolvetogether.S3––Thecommunicatingvirtualenterprise:achievementofthecommunicationintegrationlevelwithinthenetworkedorganisation.S4––Thevisiblevirtualenterprise:achievementofthevisibilityintegrationlevelwithinthenetworkedorganisation.S5––Thesynchronisedvirtualenterprise:achievementofthesynchronisationintegrationlevelwithinthenetworkedorganisation.S6––Thecollaborativevirtualenterprise:Thefinalstage.FORD’sCaseExtendedEnterpriseBusinessReferenceModel:RelationshipsandflowsTherelationshipsandflows(Products&servicesflow;Information&knowledgeflow;andFinancialflow)betweentheseactorsareshownbelow:Goods,services,revenue

Information&Knowledge

J.I.T.SupplierSequenceSupplierD.A.D.SupplierDealerOEM(OriginalEquipmentManufacturer)CarriersPlanning&SequenceInfo$OrderGoods$Planning&SequenceInfo.$SubAssemblies(JIT&Seq)Parts(O.C.)PlanningInfo.SubAssemblyInfo.$ConstraintsConstraintsParts(O.C.)/EmptiesSequenceSubAssembliesParts(O.C.)/EmptiesPlanning&SequenceInfo$ConstraintsGoodsInfoJ.I.T.SubAssembliesSubAssemblyInfo.SubAssemblyInfo.D.A.D.SubAssembliesLogisticOperator$Routes&Materialsinfo.TraditionalSupplierPartsPlanningInfo$OrderDeliveryNoteDeliveryNoteDeliveryNoteTimeWindows&Materialsinfo.TimeWindows&MaterialsInfoDistantSuppliersOtherPlantsLogisticCentreLocalSuppliersAlmussafesFordPlantSeq/JITSeq/JITDADDADIndustrialParkSeq/JITLogisticOperatorSeq/JITSeq/JITLogisticOperatorSeq/JITSupplychainnodesofFordINDUSTRIALPARKSUPPLIERS54suppliersinstalled(Production=22,Services=32).SUPPLYMETHODS(INCLUDINGNEARBYSUPPLIERS)20Suppliers18Suppliers38Suppliers281References836References1117ReferencesTRANSPORTJ.I.T./SEQUENCE(EXCLUDINGDELIVERIESBYCONVEYOR)30Trucksperday 258TripsperdayInformationflowsLong-termdemandplanMid-termdemandplanShort-termdemandplanSequenceinformationShippingnotesTripsheetsConstraintsInvoicesTheV-CHAINVirtualEnterpriseReferenceModel,theTO-BEModel,hasbeenconceivedastheframeworkneededtoobtainanintegratedsolvingproblemapproachSuppliersAssemblerLogistics

Operator(OperatorforPlanningandSequencing)(OperatorforPlanning)Other

actorsCarriersVEBUSINESSREFERENCEMODEL:OVERVIEWWhatdoweneedtodo?StepI:In-depthsupplychainsstudy:Therelationshipsandflows(Products&servicesflow;Information&knowledgeflow;andFinancialflow)betweenthedifferentplayerswithintheirsupplychainThecurrentstatusofprocessintegrationbetweendifferentplayersWhatinformationiscurrentlybeingshared?Whatinformationdotheyhopethattheycanget?Howaretheyusingtheinformationintheirdecisionmaking?Whataretheydoingintermsofcoordination,collaborationandjointdecisionmakingetc?Whataresomeofpotentialwaysofimprovingtherelationshiporprocessestoenhancesupplychainperformance?Whataretheirexpectationsforvirtualsupplychainmanagementintermofinformationtechnology,managementsystems,processintegrationandmanagementoftherelationshipsetc?Whatdoweneedtodo?StepII:IdentifycriticalissuesProblemsInformationthatareimportantDecisiontoolsWhatdoweneedtodo?StepIII:EvaluatingthebenefitsofInformationsharingandCoordinationthroughComputerSimulationandmodellingIdentifyandproposemethodsofinformationsharingandcoordinationtoenhancesupplychainperformance.Buildsimulationmodelstoinvestigatethecostsandbenefitsoftheproposedapproac