《智能交通系统》英语版第三章英文版课件

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ITSArchitectureandStandards3.3:Conclusions最后一页附带PPT超链接返回键说明PPT模板下载：/moban/3.13.1:ITSArchitecture

3.1.1WhyisITSArchitecture

important3.1.4LogicalArchitecture,PhysicalArchitecture3.1.2LevelsofITSArchitecture3.1.6ChinaITSArchitecture3.1.3UserNeed,FunctionalRequirement,andConceptofOperations3.1.5RegionalArchitectureandTurboArchitecture3.1:ITSArchitecture3.1.1Wh2StakeholderDriven4ProvisionofCommercialBenefits6LinkingITStotheTransportPlanningProcess8ProvideaFrameworkforFutureExpansionPromotionofITSStandardsDevelopment3RiskManagement51SharedVision3.1.1WhyisITSArchitectureimportant7ProvidingaBasisforSystemDevelopment2StakeholderDriven4Provision3SharedVisionThedevelopmentofanITSarchitectureusuallybeginswithaconsensusbuildingprocessinvolvingmultiplestakeholders.SharedVisionThedevelopmento4StakeholderDrivenBenefitTheITStobeimplementedisresponsivetotheneedsofallstakeholdersAsetoffunctionalrequirementsStake-holderRatherthanimplementingtechnologyfortechnology’ssakeUserServicesUserNeedsUserStakeholderDrivenBenefitTheI5PromotionofITSstandardsDevelopmentTheITSarchitecturewillalsoshowclearlyandunambiguouslythekeyprocesseswhichrequireastandardisedinterface,especiallyforcommunicationsanddataexchanges.Basedontherelevantinterfacesandananalysisofoperationalneeds,userrequirementsandhardware/softwarespecifications,thearchitecturecanhelpidentifywhetherthevariousstandardsshouldbelocal,regional,national,orinternational.PromotionofITSstandardsDev6ProvisionofCommercialBenefitsDesignandimplementationofstandardisedITSsubsystemsandcomponentsinconformancewiththeITSarchitecturewillstimulateanopenmarketinequipmentandsoftwaresupply,permiteconomiesofscale.海南黑龙江吉林辽宁河北山东福建江西安徽湖北湖南广东广西上海河南山西内蒙古陕西宁夏甘肃青海四川贵州云南西藏新疆江苏浙江北京台湾易华录亿阳信通皖通科技川大智胜赛为智能银江股份交技发展ProvisionofCommercialBenefi7RiskManagementAgoodITSarchitecturewillconsiderfailuremodes.ThedevelopmentofanITSarchitecturealsorequiresthattransportpoliciesandassumptionsregardingwhoplayswhatrolearemadeexplicit.Byfacilitatingthedevelopmentofstandards,theITSarchitecturealsoreducestheriskofdefactoorproprietarystandardsperpetuatedbythedominantmanufacturers.RiskManagementAgoodITSarch8LinkingITS

totheTransportPlanningProcessITSneedstobeintegratedintothelocalorregionaltransportationplan.AnITSarchitecturesupportsthisintegrationbyforcingallinvolvedtoidentifytheintendedrelationshipbetweenITSandconventionaltransportationplansandsolutions.Itcanalsoaddsubstancetothoseplansthroughthedefinitionofwhatisrequiredtoprovidewhichservicesandthepriorityfortheirimplementation.LinkingITStotheTransportP9Providinga

BasisforSystemDevelopmentThephysicalarchitectureand,ifcreatedwithinthearchitecture,adocumentdescribingthetheoryofoperations,willprovidearigorousbasisfordefiningthefunctionofspecificdataprocessingmodules,identifyingwheretheprocessingshouldbecarriedout,andwhatdatahastobeacquiredandsharedbetweendataprocessingunits.UrbantrafficguidancesystemProvidingaBasisforSystemT10ProvideaFrameworkforFutureExpansionITSarchitectureprovidesaframeworkforsystemexpansionandtechnologicalupgrades.Bystartingwithabroadly-basedarchitecture,onehasabasisforevolutionandexpansion.TransportInformationServiceElectronicTollCollectionIntelligentHighwayComprehensiveTransportationTrafficTransportationsafetyOperationsManagementTransportManagementandPlanningSafetyDrivingAssistantUserservicesofChineseNationalITSArchitectureProvideaFrameworkforFuture113.1.2Levelof

ITSArchitectureLevel3Multi-AgencyInteroperabilityPropertiesLevel2SingleAgencySystemPropertiesLevel1SystemStructureLevel0Subsystem/ComponentDesignMulti-levelModelforAnalysisofITSArchitecture3.1.2LevelofITSArchitectur12Multi-levelModelforAnalysisofITSArchitecture,ITSarchitectureisprimarilyaboutinformationexchangeandcontrolbetweensystemsatvariouslevelsofabstraction.Trafficandtransportmanagerslaydownhigh-levelproperties,orpolicy,atLevels3and2,andthearchitecturalstructureatLevel1isthendevisedsothatitconformstotheseproperties.Level0isnotstrictlypartofthearchitecture.Level3architectureneedstoreflectthereal-worldconstraintsthatoperateontransportagencies,andtoreflecttherequirements.TheLevel3architecturesetstheframeworkwithinwhichtheLevel2architecturecanbedefined.Level2architecturedefinesthepropertiesofthosesystemsthatoperateundertheaegisofasingleagency,anditcantakeintoaccountthecharacteristicsofbothexisting“legacy”systemsandfutureplannedsystems.

TheissuesdealtwithatLevels2and3aresimilar.Level1architectureisprimarilytheconcernofthesystemsengineers.Atthislevel,thesystemstructurewillbedefinedsothatITSfunctionscanbegroupedtogetherforcost-effectiveimplementationandinformationsystemscanbelogicallydecomposedintosubsystemsfordesignatLevel0.Multi-levelModelforAnalysis133.1.3UserNeeds,

FunctionalRequirements,andConceptofOperationsUserNeedsFunctionalRequirementConceptofOperationsThefirststepintheestablishmentofanITSarchitectureistheselectionandprioritisationofuserservices.TheconsensusviewcanthenleadtothedeterminationoffunctionalrequirementsandaconceptofoperationsthatdescribeswhoprovidesandwhoreceiveswhichITSservice(s),andwhatinteractionstheprovidersmusthaveinordertosupporttheservicedelivery.3.1.3UserNeeds,FunctionalR14Therearekeyactorsandobviousstakeholdergroupsorganisedarounddomains(suchasmotorwaynetworks,trafficcontrolformedium-sizedcities,andruralareas),andaroundareasofcompetenceandresponsibilities(suchasroadsafety,publictransport,fleetlogistics,etc.).Inadditiontothemoregeneralobjectivesofimprovingsafety,efficiency,environmentalquality,etc.FollowingtheprinciplesshowninFigure3.1,Eachinterestgrouphasitsownpolicygoals.UserNeedsTherearekeyactorsandobvio15PolicyGoals,

Safety,Efficiency,environment

etcServicesupportingpolicyServiceswithinowndomainUserservicesfullyorpartiallyruninowndomainJointlyselecteduserservicesOtherstakeholder’sviewFigure

3.1PolicyGoals,Safety,Effici16Oncetheserviceshavebeenselectedinfigure3.1,thefunctionalrequirementsforprovidingtheseservicesmustbedetermined.Atthispoint,commonalitiesbetweendomainsmaybeidentified.Forexample,thehighwaynetworkoperatorsmaybeplanningtodeployITSforelectronictollingandautomaticincidentdetection.(InternationalStandardETCSystem).theprotocolsforinformationexchange,andanintegratedITSarchitecture,whichcanservetheneedsofbothgroups.FunctionalRequirementOncetheserviceshavebeense17InternationalStandardETCSystemInternationalStandardETCSys18Aconceptofoperationsdiagramcanportraytheserelationships.asexemplifiedbythearchitecturalsketchinFigure3.2,whichgraphicallydepictstheinteractionsamongthreemanagementcentresandthepoliceatahighlevelfordeliveringintermodaltransportationmanagementandemergencyservices.Next,theconceptofoperationscanbedevelopedingreaterdetailtoconsiderwhoisresponsiblefordeliveringtheseservicestowhom.AnexampleofsuchanelaborationisgiveninFigure3.3,whichshowslinkagesamonganumberofinteractingentities.ConceptofOperationsAconceptofoperationsdiagra19TrainStationSignalDetectorTransportManagementCenterCommuterTrainBusPoliceEmergenceVehiclesCCTVVMSHPBTrafficManagementCenterEmergencyManagementCenter图3.2TrainStationSignalDetectorTra20EmergencyServicesFreewaysAPTSCVOTICInVehicleISP2ISP1Urban图3.3ATMSInfrastructureSideEmergencyServicesFreewaysAPTS21LogicalArchitectureThesimplifiedtop-levellogicalarchitecturedevelopedforUSAisportrayedasadataflowdiagraminFigure3.4.PhysicalArchitectureAtop-leveldiagramofthenationalphysicalarchitecturefortheUSAisshowninFigure.4LogicalArchitecture,PhysicalArchitectureLogicalArchitectureThesimpli22LogicalofFunctionalarchitecturedepictstheprocessesanddataflowsbetweenprocessesthatareneededtomeetthefunctionalrequirementspreviouslydetermined.Indevelopingthelogicalarchitecture,thecommongroundbetweenthevarioususerrequirementsandITSservicesisexamined.Animportantpartofthelogicalarchitectureistodescribehowthesystemwoulddealwithabnormalcircumstances.

Allfailuremodesneedtobeconsideredforpossiblesafetyhazards,andlogicalstepsneedtobedescribedtoachievefail-safeoperationunderabnormalconditions,consistentwiththehigherlevelconceptsdevelopedaspartoftheconceptofoperations.LogicalArchitectureLogicalofFunctionalarchitec23Inthecontextofsystemsengineering,thephysicalarchitectureallocatestheprocessesdefinedbythelogicalarchitectureintophysicalsubsystems,whichthehardwareandsoftwarewilldeliver.Thedesignofthephysicalsubsystemswillbebasedonthefunctionalrequirements,theprocessspecifications,theinter-dependenciesandwillbeaffectedbywhetherthefunctionsaretobeperformedinoneormorelocations.PhysicalArchitectureInthecontextofsystemsengi24Figure3.4Figure3.425TravelersRemoteTravelerSupportPersonalInformationAccessWideAreaWireless(Mobile)CommunicationsFixed-PointtoFixed-PointCommunicationsCentresTrafficManagementEmergencyManagementTollAdministrationCommercialVehicleAdministrationMaintenance&ConstructionManagementInfrastructureServiceProviderTransitManagementFleetandFreightManagementArchivedDataManagementVehicletoVehicleCommunicationsDedicatedShortRangeCommunicationsMaintenance&ConstructionVehicleTransitVehicleCommercialVehicleEmergencyVehicleVehicleRoadwaySecurityMonitoringTollCollectionParkingManagementCommercialVehicleCheckVehicleRoadsideFigure3.5TravelersRemoteTravelerSuppo26PPT模板下载：/moban/行业PPT模板：/hangye/节日PPT模板：/jieri/PPT素材下载：/sucai/PPT背景图片：/beijing/PPT图表下载：/tubiao/优秀PPT下载：/xiazai/PPT教程：/powerpoint/Word教程：/word/Excel教程：/excel/表格下载：/biaoge/PPT课件下载：/kejian/范文下载：/fanwen/3.1.5RegionalArchitectureandTurboArchitectureAFrameworkArchitectureAMandatedArchitectureAServiceArchitectureWhendevelopingtheirownITSarchitecture,（TherelationshipbetweenthesethreeArchitecturesisdepictedinFigure3.6）organisationshavetomakedecisionsabouttheformofarchitecturethattheycreate.MethodPPT模板下载：/moban/27AFrameworkArchitectureAFrameworkArchitecture,i.e.Anarchitectureconsistingofuserneedsandafunctionalviewpoint.Itcanbeusedtocreatearchitecturesofthefollowingtwotypesandisonlyreallysuitableforarchitecturesatthenationallevel.AServiceArchitectureAServiceArchitecture,whichisliketheMandatedArchitecture,butonlysupportsaparticularservice,e.g.TravellerInformation,PublicTransportManagement,etc.AMandatedArchitectureAMandatedArchitecture,whichhasaphysical,communicationsandotherviewpoints,plustheotheroutputs.Itcanbeusedatthenational,regionalandlocallevelstospecifywhatisrequiredforITSdeployments.Thecontentsofthephysicalviewpointmaybefixed,ortheremaybealimitedrangeofoptions.AFrameworkArchitectureAFram28Figure3.6FrameworkITSArchitecture

MandatedITSArchitecture

SpecificITSArchitecture

Althoughthispathislegitimate.MandatedITSArchitecturearerarelycreatedfromFrameworkITSArchitecturesFrameworkArchitecturedocumentationprovidesguidanceonSpecificArchitecturecreationMandatedArchitecturedocumentationprovidesguidanceonSpecificArchitecturecreationFigure3.6FrameworkITSArchite29PPT模板下载：/moban/

行业PPT模板：/hangye/

节日PPT模板：/jieri/PPT素材下载：/sucai/PPT背景图片：/beijing/PPT图表下载：/tubiao/

优秀PPT下载：/xiazai/PPT教程：/powerpoint/

Word教程：/word/Excel教程：/excel/

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SomeoftheITSarchitectureinitiativesmentionedpreviouslyhaveprovidedtoolstoaidthedevelopmentofspecificarchitecturesfromthem.TheFrenchNationalITSArchitecture(ACTIF)

hasalsodevelopeditsowntool(OSCAR)forusewithitsarchitecture.TheTurboArchitectureToolhasbeendevelopedforusewiththeUSNationalITSArchitecture.TheSelectionToolhasbeendevelopedforusewiththeEuropeanITSFrameworkArchitecture.PPT模板下载：/moban/303.1.6ChinaITSArchitectureAtop-leveldiagramofthenationallogicalarchitecturefortheChinaisshowninFigure3.7Atop-leveldiagramofthenationalphysicalarchitecturefortheChinaisshowninFigureChinaITSArchitectureA31Figure3.7UserandServerTravelerInformationEmergencymanagementandSafetyComprehensivetransportationTransportationmanagementandPlanningAutomobilesafetyassistancedrivingsystemandATCOperationsManagementElectronictollcollectionFigure3.7UserandServerTravel32MeteorologicaldepartmentAiroperatorsectionVehicleFiredepartmentPassengersTravelerWaterwayOperatorsectionRailoperatorsectionEmergencycenterDriverMediaTransportagenciesTravelerInformationTrafficplanningUrbanpublictransportoperatorTrafficcontrolPublictransportationelectronictollcollectionPublicTransportInformationservicesTrafficmanagementdepartments①③TrafficcontrolTrafficlawenforcementandsupervisionTrafficroutinginformationEmergencyvehiclesTrafficmanagementdepartmentsTransportagenciesexpressways,bridgesandtunnelsETCFreightstationmanagementLong-distancePassengertransportParkingPayment EmergencyservicesTaxiManagement FreightManagement AutomaticHighwaysystem⑥⑤④②Figure3.8MeteorologicalAiroperatorsec333.2:ITSStandards

3.2.1TypesofITSStandards3.2.4PlanningforITSStandardsApplication3.2.2MotivationforStandards

3.2.3

CurrentStatus3.2:ITSStandards.1TypesofITSStandards您的标题123Standardsareneededinprotocolsandmessagesetstoallowsmoothdataflowandinformationexchangeamongthesubsystems.ITSstandardsmaybeestablishedatthelocal,regional,national,international,andgloballevels.Likeanyothertypeofstandards,ITSstandardsmaybedefactostandards.TypesofITSStandards3.2.1TypesofITSStandards您的35Standardmessagesets,usuallydefinedindatadictionaries,arealsoneededtoallowmeaningfulexchangeofinformationbetweensubsystems.Forexample,forinformationexchangerelatedtoincidents,thereneedtobestandardsforcodingacertainnumberofmessageelementsforunambiguousdescriptionofthelocationandthetypeofincidents.

Incasewirelesscommunicationisneeded,thestandardisationoffrequencyandmodulationtechniqueisalsoimplied.1Standardmessagesets,usually36Somestandardsmaybeneededonlyuptoacertainlevel.Forexample,formostcommercialvehicleoperations,internationalstandardsmaybeneededforagivencontinent(e.g.EuropeorNorthAmerica)butglobalstandardsarenotneededsincelorriesdonottravelacrosscontinents.Incontrast,standardsforcargoidentificationshouldbeglobalinordertofacilitatefreightidentification,securitychecks,andmovementbetweencontinents.2Somestandardsmaybeneededo37Wheneveryonefollowsthestandardssetbythedominantsupplier,orconsensusstandards,whicharearrivedthroughproceduresestablishedbystandardsettingorganisations.Standardsmayalsobesetbythegovernment,usuallyasalastresort.3Wheneveryonefollowsthestan383.2.2MotivationforStandardsMotivationbehindstandardsettingincludessafety,costreduction,andmarketenhancementFromtheperspectiveofsuppliers,existenceofcommonstandardswouldleadtoeconomyofscaleinproductionandsaleofthesameequipmentinawidermarket.Fromtheperspectiveoftheusers,bothpublicandprivate,therearetwomajormotivesindevelopingandadoptingvoluntarystandards:WithestablishedstandardsforITSproductsandservices,theuserscanmaketheirpurchasingoptionsfromarangeofcompetitiveprovidersanddonotgetlockedintoasingleone.Secondly,ITSstandardssupportinteroperabilityaswellassystemintegration.Companiesindominantmarketpositionsarereluctanttomoveawayfromthedefactostandardsoftheirownproducts,exceptperhapsinanticipationofamuchlargermarketforeveryonethatwouldresultfromtheestablishmentofnewconsensusstandards.For

example，

in-vehiclerouteguidance3.2.2MotivationforStandards39《智能交通系统》英语版第三章英文版课件403.2.3CurrentStatusITSstandardsprogrammesaroundtheworldhavematuredfromprimarilydevelopmentactivitiestodeploymentandsupportactivities.ManyindustrialisedcountrieshavealsobeenengagedincoordinatingtheirownITSstandardswithinternationalstandardisationactivities.ITSstandardshavebeenasubjectofactiveinternationaldiscussionandcooperationthroughsuchorganisationsastheInternationalStandardsOrganisation(ISO),andtheEuropeanCommitteeforNormalisation(CEN).ParticularinteresttothetrafficauthoritiesaretheNationalTransportationCommunicationsITSProtocol(NTCIP)intheUS(Figure3.9)，Thesesetsofstandardsareintendedtofacilitatedatatransferbetweencentresandroadsideequipmentswellasbetweencontrolcentres.FortherapidlydevelopingfieldofITS,thetimingofstandardsettingisimportant.Evenafterstandardsareestablished,practicalconsiderationsmustbegiventoacceptablemigrationpathsforexistingsystemstomovetowardthenewstandardsoverareasonableperiodoftime.TheautomotiveindustryisengagedindevelopingITSstandardsonthevehicleside,3.2.3CurrentStatusITSstanda41Figure3.9

TheNationalTransportationCommunicationsITSProtocol(NTCIP)Figure3.9TheNationalTranspo42TheautomotiveindustryisengagedindevelopingITSstandardsonthevehicleside,whichhassetupstandardscommitteesdealingwithtravellerinformation,ITSdatabusonthevehicle,andvariousaspectsrelatedtosafetyandhumanfactors.Theautomotiveindustryiseng433.2.4PlanningforITSStandardsApplicationWhiletherearenodefiniteanswerstothesequestionsIfso,doImissoutonthebenefitsofearlyITSapplicationsthatarebadlyneeded?HowdoIstartITSdeploymentwhendifferentvendorsofferproductsofdifferentstandards,noneofwhichhavebeenwidelyadopted?AnumberofimportantITSstandardsare,andwillprobablycontinuetobe,uncertainmovingtargets.ShouldIpostponeITSdeploymentindefinitelyuntilconsensusstandardsarefirmlyestablished?ThismakestheplanningforITSstandardsadoptionandapplicationrathertricky.3.2.4PlanningforITSStandar44Ifnostandardsexist,thendevelopyourownregionaltechnologicalagreements.ReviewthecurrentstatusofITSstandardsdevelopment.Defineanactionplanfordevelopingormigratingtostandardsofimportancetoyou.Developaplan,don’tletithappenbydefault.UsetheITSArchitecturetoidentifytheneedforstandards.Considertheimplicationsofapplyingexistingstandards.Defineandestablishcertificationandtestingprocedures.Setupamechanismforevolvingadhocstandardstoregional,national,orinternationalstandardsasrequired.ITSstandardsadoptionandapplicationrathertricky.Ifnostandardsexist,thende45单击此处添加段落文字内容单击此处添加段落文字内容单击此处添加段落文字内容1

ITSsystemarchitecturesarebeingdevelopedtofitalltheITScomponentsintoasystematicframeworksothattheywillworkinconcertwithoneanothertodelivertheneededuserservices.2Aspecificarchitecturemaybeexpressedinmultipleforms.ItisimportantthatthedecisionmakersshouldunderstandandendorsetheconceptsandfunctionsthatinformthedevelopmentofITSoperationsandorganisational

architectures.Thesystemsengineers,fortheirpart,needtoworkwiththelogical,physical,andcommunicationarchitectures.3Basedonsystemarchitecture,ITSstandardsaredevelopedtoensurethatallthehardwareandsoftwaredofittogetherandcanworkinconcerttodeliverITSuserservices.AsnewITSstandardswillevolvecontinuallywithtechnologydevelopment,transportationprofessionalscandeployITSeffectivelyaslongastheyhaveaproactivestrategytodealwithnewstandards.3.3：Conclusions单击此处添加段落文字内容1ITSsystemarchi46返回至节目录。例如返回至3.1节目录。返回至章目录。例如返回第三章目录。返回至节目录下的链接。例如返回至3.1.1小节目录。返回上一级最近观看PPT页。返回到整个课本总目录。表示本节结束，并返回章目录。例如3.1节讲完，单击返回第三章目录。表示本小节结束，并返回对应节目录。例如3.1.1小节讲完，单击返回第3.1节目录。PPT超链接返回键说明返回至节目录。例如返回至3.1节目录。返回至章目录。例如返回47PPT模板下载：/moban/3.1:ITSArchitecture3.2:ITSStandards

ITSArchitectureandStandards3.3:Conclusions最后一页附带PPT超链接返回键说明PPT模板下载：/moban/3.483.1:ITSArchitecture

3.1.1WhyisITSArchitecture

important3.1.4LogicalArchitecture,PhysicalArchitecture3.1.2LevelsofITSArchitecture3.1.6ChinaITSArchitecture3.1.3UserNeed,FunctionalRequirement,andConceptofOperations3.1.5RegionalArchitectureandTurboArchitecture3.1:ITSArchitecture3.1.1Wh2StakeholderDriven4ProvisionofCommercialBenefits6LinkingITStotheTransportPlanningProcess8ProvideaFrameworkforFutureExpansionPromotionofITSStandardsDevelopment3RiskManagement51SharedVision3.1.1WhyisITSArchitectureimportant7ProvidingaBasisforSystemDevelopment2StakeholderDriven4Provision50SharedVisionThedevelopmentofanITSarchitectureusuallybeginswithaconsensusbuildingprocessinvolvingmultiplestakeholders.SharedVisionThedevelopmento51StakeholderDrivenBenefitTheITStobeimplementedisresponsivetotheneedsofallstakeholdersAsetoffunctionalrequirementsStake-holderRatherthanimplementingtechnologyfortechnology’ssakeUserServicesUserNeedsUserStakeholderDrivenBenefitTheI52PromotionofITSstandardsDevelopmentTheITSarchitecturewillalsoshowclearlyandunambiguouslythekeyprocesseswhichrequireastandardisedinterface,especiallyforcommunicationsanddataexchanges.Basedontherelevantinterfacesandananalysisofoperationalneeds,userrequirementsandhardware/softwarespecifications,thearchitecturecanhelpidentifywhetherthevariousstandardsshouldbelocal,regional,national,orinternational.PromotionofITSstandardsDev53ProvisionofCommercialBenefitsDesignandimplementationofstandardisedITSsubsystemsandcomponentsinconformancewiththeITSarchitecturewillstimulateanopenmarketinequipmentandsoftwaresupply,permiteconomiesofscale.海南黑龙江吉林辽宁河北山东福建江西安徽湖北湖南广东广西上海河南山西内蒙古陕西宁夏甘肃青海四川贵州云南西藏新疆江苏浙江北京台湾易华录亿阳信通皖通科技川大智胜赛为智能银江股份交技发展ProvisionofCommercialBenefi54RiskManagementAgoodITSarchitecturewillconsiderfailuremodes.ThedevelopmentofanITSarchitecturealsorequiresthattransportpoliciesandassumptionsregardingwhoplayswhatrolearemadeexplicit.Byfacilitatingthedevelopmentofstandards,theITSarchitecturealsoreducestheriskofdefactoorproprietarystandardsperpetuatedbythedominantmanufacturers.RiskManagementAgoodITSarch55LinkingITS

totheTransportPlanningProcessITSneedstobeintegratedintothelocalorregionaltransportationplan.AnITSarchitecturesupportsthisintegrationbyforcingallinvolvedtoidentifytheintendedrelationshipbetweenITSandconventionaltransportationplansandsolutions.Itcanalsoaddsubstancetothoseplansthroughthedefinitionofwhatisrequiredtoprovidewhichservicesandthepriorityfortheirimplementation.LinkingITStotheTransportP56Providinga

BasisforSystemDevelopmentThephysicalarchitectureand,ifcreatedwithinthearchitecture,adocumentdescribingthetheoryofoperations,willprovidearigorousbasisfordefiningthefunctionofspecificdataprocessingmodules,identifyingwheretheprocessingshouldbecarriedout,andwhatdatahastobeacquiredandsharedbetweendataprocessingunits.UrbantrafficguidancesystemProvidingaBasisforSystemT57ProvideaFrameworkforFutureExpansionITSarchitectureprovidesaframeworkforsystemexpansionandtechnologicalupgrades.Bystartingwithabroadly-basedarchitecture,onehasabasisforevolutionandexpansion.TransportInformationServiceElectronicTollCollectionIntelligentHighwayComprehensiveTransportationTrafficTransportationsafetyOperationsManagementTransportManagementandPlanningSafetyDrivingAssistantUserservicesofChineseNationalITSArchitectureProvideaFrameworkforFuture583.1.2Levelof

ITSArchitectureLevel3Multi-AgencyInteroperabilityPropertiesLevel2SingleAgencySystemPropertiesLevel1SystemStructureLevel0Subsystem/ComponentDesignMulti-levelModelforAnalysisofITSArchitecture3.1.2LevelofITSArchitectur59Multi-levelModelforAnalysisofITSArchitecture,ITSarchitectureisprimarilyaboutinformationexchangeandcontrolbetweensystemsatvariouslevelsofabstraction.Trafficandtransportmanagerslaydownhigh-levelproperties