听力教程第二版第二册Unit 3答案

Unit3SectionOneTacticsforListeningPart2ListeningandNote-takingATerritoryWhenwetalkaboutaterritory,wemeanadefendedspace.Animalshavetheirterritories,whichtheymarkoutwiththeirpersonalscent.Thescentistheirterritorialsignal.Humanbeingshaveotherterritorialsignals.Therearethreekindsofhumanterritory,markedbydifferentterritorialsignals.First,therearetheTribalSecond,thereistheFamilyTerritory,atthecenterofwhichisthebedroom.ThisFinally,thereisthePersonalExerciseA:1.Whenwetalkaboutaterritory,wemeanadefendedspace.2.Thesesignalsareimportant,becausetheywarnthevisitorthatheisenteringaforeigncountry.3.Peoplebehavedifferentlywhenthey'reinsomeoneelse'shouse.4.Inpublicplaces,peopleautomaticallymarkoutanareaofpersonalspace.5.Itwon'tbenexttohimorattheotherendoftheroom,buthalfwaybetween.ATerritoryI.Territory,adefendedspaceA.Territoryismarkedbyterritorialsignals.a.Animalsmarkouttheirterritorieswiththeirpersonalscent,theirterritorialsignals.│b.Humanbeingshavethreekindsofhumanterritory,markedbydifferentterritorialsignals.II.ThreekindsofhumanterritoryA.TribalTerritoriesora.Countrieshaveanumberofterritorialsignals.1.Theborders,guardedbysoldiers,withcustomsbarriers,flags,andsigns2.Uniformsandnationalanthems.B.Familya.FamilyThefrontdoor.2.Thedriveway.b.Whenafamilygoestothebeachortotheparkforapicnic,theymarkoutasmallterritorywithtowels,baskets,andotherbelongingsC.Personala.Inpublicplacespeopleautomaticallymarkoutanareapersonalspace.b.Inacrowdedspace,westandlookingstraightinfrontofuswithblankfaces.sectiontwolisteningcomprehensionpart1DialoguesDialogueICreditCard—IrecentlytouringaroundAmericafoundtherewasachapIwaswith...He...wewerebookedinbyanAmericanorganizationintoahotel,paidforbythem,buttheywouldnotlethimgothroughthelobbytohisroomunlesstheyhadacreditcardnumbertoprovethathewasahumanbeingthatwastrustworthy,{right,right}.Inotherwordswe'vegottothestagenowwithcreditcards,howeverfriendlyyoulook,howeverwealthyyoulook,orhoweverniceyoulook...(That'sright,itdoesn'tmatter,theyjustwanttoseethatnumber.)Excuseme,whereisyourcreditcard?—Becauseyouknowyoucan'trentamajorautomobileintheStates,youknow,youcan'trentwithout,withoutusingacreditcard,youcan't,youknowlikeyouweresaying,gointoahotel...—Ithinkthatwhat'sunderneaththatisthesocietyinwhichyou'reonlygoodifyouhavenumbersattachedtoyou,(Mm.)thatarecomputerised,(Yeah.)andcantraceyou,andeverybody'sinsuredagainsteverybodyelse(Yeah.)and...thatsideofcreditIfindratherupsetting.—It'skindofugly,isn'tit?—Likealotofpeople，it'sagreatfacility,ifyou'redisciplinedwithit.1.D2.D3.CDialogue2CardInsurances—I'lltellyouaboutoneawfulexperiencethathappenedtome,erm,Itookout,erm...oneofthesecardinsurancesthatcoverallyourcards(Mm.)shouldyourcardsbestolenandIhadmyhandbagsnatched*inastoreandimmediatelygotthestoresecurity,whowereveryquick,gotmeintotheirofficeandwephonedallofthecreditcardsthatIhadonme,withintenminutes.—Whichiswhattheytellyoutodo?—Yeah.When,Isupposebythetimewe’dgottoallofthemitabouthalfanafterthebaghadbeensnatched.Gotuptothetopflooroftheoffice,startedringinground,andthewholethingwasdonewithinhalfanhour.Erm,whenthebagwassnatcheditwentthroughapparentlyachainofpeople,outofthestore,anditwenttwomilesawayandtheymanagedto...threedifferentpeoplehadspentover￡2,000onfourofmycards...—Butyou'reonlyliable*forthefirst50.—Iwasn'tliableforanyofit.BecausethankgoodnessIhadthisinsurance.—Noneofit.Yeah.—But...—Touchwood*quick.Thatwas...—..They'dspentitwithintwentyminutesofstealing.—That'sincredible,isn'tit?—AndthethingthatabsolutelyhorrifiedmewasIwasclosetolimitsontwoofthecards,theonesthatIdocleareverymonth(Mm–mm.)IwasclosetothelimitI'mallowedonthose,andthey,bothofthosecardstheywentintobanks,saidtheywereme,andgot(No!)welloverwhatthetoplimitwouldhavebeen.—Really!Wellitjustgoestoshow,youcouldwalkintoabankandgetmorethanyoucouldpossiblyeverpayoff*!—Icouldn'tprobably,becauseIgoin,andtheysay,"No,you'vespentitallalready?—Right,right.1.F2.F3,F4.T5.T6.T7.F8.TPassage1CreditCardsThesystemofbankcreditcardsoperatesinmuchthesamewayasastorecreditaccountexceptthattheholderisnotrestrictedtomakingpurchasesinoneplace.Cardscanbepresentedatanyplacewherethebankcardsignisdisplayed,andthatcouldbeatashop,aservicestation,ahotel,arestaurantorinfactatallkindsofbusinesses.Thesalesassistantimprintsthecarddetailsontoasalesvoucher*whichthecustomersigns,andthecardisthenreturnedtothecustomer.Eachmonththebanksendstheholderacreditcardstatementsettingoutwherepurchasesweremadeandtotallingwhatisowing.Apaymenthastobemadewithin25daysofthedateofthestatement,butnotnecessarilythefullamount.Ifthecustomerpaysinfullwithinthistimetheuseofthecarddoesnotcostanything,Butifhedecidestopayonlytheminimumrepaymentshownonthestatement–￡5or5%oftheoutstanding*balance*,which-everisthegreater--heautomaticallychoosestousethesystem'sextendedrepaymentfacility.Theremainingbalanceisthencarriedforwardandattractsinterestattherateof2.25%permonth.Bankcreditcardsaremoreversatilethanstorecreditaccountsinthattheyalsoenablepeopletoobtaincash.Anybankdisplayingthebankcardsignwillarrangeacashadvance*foracardholder,whetherornotbeisoneoftheirowncustomers.Formoneydrawninthiswaythebankmakesachargeattherateof225%amonthcalculated.cashadvancesappearonthemonthlybankcardstatement.Thebankcreditcardsystemoperatesentirelyseparatelyfromchequeaccountsbutneverthelessitisacustomer'spreviousrelationshipwithhisbankthatisusedasaguidetotheamountofcredithewillbeextended.Whenacardisissuedapersonalcreditlimitisimposedindicatingthemaximumthatcanbeowingatanyonetime.Thisisconfidential*betweencustomerandbankanddoesnotappearonthecard.ExerciseA:Thesystemofbankcreditcardsoperatesinmuchthesamewayasastorecreditaccountexceptthattheholderisnotrestrictedtomakingpurchasesinoneplace.Bankcreditcardscanbepresentedatanyplacewherethebankcardsignisdisplayedandinfactatallkindsofbusinesses.Bankcreditcardsalsoenablepeopletoobtaincash.ExerciseB:1.A2.C3.C4.B5.D6.D7.B8.BExerciseC:1.Bankcreditcardscanbepresentedatanyplacewherethebankcardsignisdisplayed,e.g.atashop,aservicestation,ahotel,arestaurant,etc.2.Eachmonththebanksendstheholderacreditcardstatementsettingoutwherepurchasesweremadeandtotallingwhatisowing,3.Thecustomercanpayinfullwithin25daysofthedateofthestatementorhecanpayonlytheminimumrepaymentshownonthestatement4.Becausetheyalsoenablepeopletoobtaincash.5.Whenacardisissuedapersonalcreditlimitisimposedindicatingthemaximumthatcanbeowingatanyonetime.Part3NewsNewsItem1ThousandsofpublicworkershavebeguntodemonstrateviolentlyagainstaretirementreformplanpassedbyBrazilianlawmakersWednesday.DemonstratorsclashedwithriotpoliceinfrontofCongressafterthechamberofdeputiesapprovedthemeasure.Brazilianmediareportssayatleast60peoplewereinjured.SomedemonstratorssaidthepresidenthadbetrayedthembyseekingapprovalofthemeasureinCongress.Themeasureisdesignedtocutretirementassistance,raisetheretirementageofpublicworkersandtaxtheirretirementmoney.Thegovernmentsaysthechangesarenecessarytosavethegovernmentthousandsofmillionsofdollars.ExerciseA:Thisnewsitemisaboutpublicworkers'reactiontoaretirementreformplanpassedbyBrazilianlawmakers.ExerciseB:ThousandsofpublicworkershavebeguntodemonstrateviolentlyagainstaretirementreformplanpassedbyBrazilianlawmakersWednesday.DemonstratorsclashedwithriotpoliceinfrontofCongressafterthechamberofdeputiesapprovedthemeasure.SomedemonstratorssaidthepresidenthadbetrayedthembyseekingapprovalofthemeasureinCongress.Themeasureisdesignedtocutretirementassistance,raisetheretirementageofpublicworkersandtaxtheirretirementmoney.NewsItem2AccordingtoareporttoCongress,morethan4.5millionstudentsenduresexualmisconduct*byemployeesattheirschools,frominappropriatejokesallthewaytoforcedsex.Thebestestimateavailableshowsnearlyoneinl0kidsfacesmisbehaviourrangingfromunprofessionaltocriminalsometimebetweenkindergartenand12thgrade.Thereport,deliveredtoCongressonWednesday,isthefirsttoanalyzeresearchaboutsexualmisconductatschools.Someeducatorstookissuewiththewaythereportcombinessexualabusewithotherbehaviourssuchasinappropriatejokes,inonebroadcategoryofsexualmisconduct.ExerciseA:ThisnewsitemisaboutprevalentsexualmisconductenduredbystudentsaccordingtoareporttoCongress.ExerciseB:1.B2.D3.C4.ASectionthreeoralworkSectionFourSupplementaryExercisesParent-TeacherAssociations6millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesbelongtoparent-teacherassociations*,orPTA.PTA'sworkistohelpschoolsandstudentsintheircommunities.Membersgivetheirtimetoserveoncommittees.Theyplanschoolprojectsandspecialactivities,suchassalesandothereventstoassistschools.Membersalsoserveasactivistsforchildren'sissues*beforegovernmentagenciesandotherorganizations.Therearenational,stateandlocalPTAorganizations.PTAgroupsexistinthe50AmericanstatesandtheDistrictofColumbia.ThePTAalsooperatesintheUnitedStatesVirginIslandsandinDepartmentofDefenseschoolsinthePacificandEurope.TheseareschoolsforchildrenofAmericanmilitaryfamilies.ThreewomenareresponsibleforestablishingtheParent-TeacherAssociation.Twoofthem,AliceMcLellanBirneyandPhoebeAppersonHearst,establishedtheCongressofMothersin1897.BothwomenlivedinWashingtonAliceBirneyproposedtheplanforthegroupin1895.Twoyearslater,shemetPhoebeHearswhoprovidedthemoneytostarttheorganization.Later,fathers,educatorsandotherinterestedcitizensjoinedthegroup.ItthenchangeditsnametotheNationalCongressofParent-TeacherAssociations.SelenaSloanButlerisconsideredthethirdfounderofthePTA.SheestablishedandservedasthefirstpresidentoftheNationalCongressofColoredParentsandTeachers.In1970,thecongressunitedwiththeNationalPTA.TheNationalPTAprovidesmemberswith,amongotherthings,informationonlineabouteducationalissues.Itpublishesafreenewslettercalled"ThisWeekinWashington"onitswebsite.Ittellsaboutdevelopmentsthataffecteducation.TherearecriticsoftheNationalPTA.Inarecentbook,educationresearcherCharleneHaarsaysthepositionsofthegroupmainlyservetheinterestsofteachersunions.PTAspokeswomanJenniSopkosaysthegroupspeaksforparents,studentsandteachers,andisnotinfluencedbytheunions.ShealsonotesthatothercountrieshaveusedthePTAintheUnitedStatesasanexampletodeveloptheirownparent-teacherassociations.ExerciseA:1.Itstandsforparent-teacherassociations.2.Itsworkistohelpschoolsandstudentsintheircommunities.3.SixmillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesbelongtoparent-teacherassociations.4.SheestablishedandservedasthefirstpresidentoftheNationalCongressofColoredParentsandTeachers.5.TheNationalPTAcanprovideitsmemberswithinformationonlineabouteducationalissues.ExerciseB:1.TheplantoestablishPTAgroupwasproposedin1895byAliceBirney.Twoyearslater,shemetPhoebeHearstwhoprovidedthemoneytostarttheorganization.Later,fathers,educatorsandotherinterestedcitizensjoinedthegroup.2.MembersofPTA'sshouldgivetheirtimetoserveoncommittees.Theyplanschoolprojectsandspecialactivities.Membersalsoserveasactivistsforchildren'sissuesbeforegovernmentagenciesandotherorganizations.3.PTAgroupsexistinthe50AmericanstatesandtheDistrictofColumbia.ThePTAalsooperatesinDepartmentofDefenseschoolsinthepacificandEurope.TheseareschoolsforchildrenofAmericanmilitaryfamilies.4.TheNationPTApublishesafreenewslettercalled"ThisWeekinWashington"onitswebsite.Ittellsaboutdevelopmentsthataffecteducation.5.TherearecriticsoftheNationalPTA.AneducationresearcherCharleneHaarsaysthepositionsofthegroupmainlyservetheinterestsofteachersunions.ExerciseC:YouropinionDirections:Listentothepassageagainandgiveyouropiniononthefollowingtopics."PTA'sworkistohelpschoolsandstudentsintheircommunities."1.IsitnecessaryforschoolsinChinatohavePTA?2.WhatrolescanPTAplayatschoolsinChina?3.IfyourparentisselectedasthememberofPTA.willyousupporthim/her?Passage2YourLegalRightsattheSalesJustwhoisdoingthefavourforwhominthesales?Aretheshopsreallygivingusshoppersachancetobuybargains?Orarewejusthelpingthemtocleartheirshelvestwiceayeartomakewayfornewlines*--buyingup*therubbishtheywouldotherwisethrowaway?Inmostsalesthereisabitofboth.Somebargainsaremoregenuinethanothers.Somepriceclaimsaretrue,whileothersaremisleadingorplainfalse.Ifthesalenoticesays"Coats--reducedfrom￡30to￡10”itshould,bylaw,betrue.Therulesarethat,unlessashopsaysotherwise,thecoatsmusthavebeenonsaleatthehigherpriceforatleast28consecutivedaysintheprevioussixmonths.Theycan,however,getarounditbysaying"Lastweek￡30.Now￡10."Beabitsuspiciousaboutaticketwhichjustsays"Saleprice￡5.'Itmaymeanthegoodsarespeciallyboughtinforthesaleanddoesnotnecessarilyindicateanyreduction.Andthereisnothingtopreventtheshopkeeperboasting:"Worth￡50,only￡20'oreven"Normally￡300,only￡150."Anotherpracticewhichisfrownedupon,thoughnotillegal,isanimpreciseoffer,like"Upto￡l0offlatestmodels."Itgivesnoclearideaofhowmuchyouhavetospendorexactlywhatyouhavetobuytobenefit.Ifyouseeapriceclaimyoudonotbelieveorfeeltobemisleading,youcancomplaintothelocalTradingStandardsOffice--thetownhallwillputyouintouc