最新2012年出版自考《英语二》讲义第二章

Unit2MistaketoSuccess

AFamousQuote

Successisgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlosingyourenthusiasm.

——WinstonChurchill

成功就是经历一次一次失败后，热情依旧。

——温斯顿·丘吉尔TEXTASpiltMilkcryoverspiltmilk

expressregretforsth.thathashappenedandcannotberemedied为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔

NewWords

spill

v.

（especiallyofliquid）toflowovertheedgeofthecontainerbyaccident（使）洒出，泼出，溢出

respond

v.

todosomethingasareactiontosomethingthatsomebodyhassaidordone作出反应，响应

interview

v.

toasksomebodyquestionsabouttheirlife,opinions,etc.,especiallyontheradioortelevisionforanewspaperormagazine（媒体）采访；访问

creative

adj.

involvingtheuseofskillandtheimaginationtoproducesomethingneworaworkofart创造（性）的；创作的

occur

v.tohappen

发生；出现

remove

v.

totakesomethingorsomebodyawayfromaplace移开；拿开；去掉

refrigerator

n.

apieceofelectricalequipmentinwhichfoodiskeptcoldsothatitstaysfresh冰箱

grip

n.

anact,ofholdingsomebody/somethingtightly紧握；紧抓

slippery

adj.

difficulttoholdortostandormoveon,becauseitissmooth,wetorpolished滑的；滑的抓不住（或站不稳，难以行走）的

content

n.

thethingsthatarecontainedinsomething所容纳之物；所含之物

veritable

adj.

awordusedtoemphasizethatsomebody/somethingcanbecomparedtosomebody/somethingelsethatismoreexciting,moreimpressive,etc.十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的

yell

v.

toshoutloudly,forexample,becauseyouareangry,excited,frightenedorinpain喊；大喊；吼叫

lecture

n.

alongangrytalkthatsomebodygivestoonepersonoragroupofpeoplebecausetheyhavedonesomethingwrong（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责

mess

n.

adirtyoruntidystate肮脏；杂乱；不整洁

rarely

adv.

notveryoften罕有；很少；不常

puddle

n.

asmallamountofwaterorotherliquid,especiallyrain,thathascollectedinoneplaceontheground水洼；小水坑

eventually

adv.

attheendofaperiodoftimeoraseriesofevents最后；终于

restore

v.

tobringsomebody/somethingbacktoaformercondition,placeorposition使复原；使复位，使复职

sponge

n.

apieceofartificialornaturalmaterialthatissoftandlightandfullofholesandcanholdwatereasily,usedforwashingorcleaning海绵块

effectively

adv.

inawaythatproducestheintendedresultorasuccessfulresult有效的

tiny

adj.

verysmallinsizeoramount极小的；微小的

discover

v.

tofindoutaboutsomethingorinformationaboutsomething了解到；认识到；查明

grasp

v.

totakeafirmholdofsomebody/something抓紧；抓牢

lip

n.

theedgeofacontainerorahollowplaceintheground（容器或凹陷地方的）边，边沿

renowned

adj.

famousandrespected有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的

remark

v.

tosayorwriteacommendaboutsomething/somebody谈论；评论

opportunity

n.

atimewhenaparticularsituationmakesitpossibletodoorachievesomething机会；时机

scientific

adj.

connectedwithscience科学（上）的；关于科学的

valuable

adj.

veryusefu1很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的

PhrasesandExpressions

inthismanner

inthewaywhichsomethingisdoneorhappens用这种方式

set…apartfrom

tomakesomebody/somethingdifferentfromorbetterthanothers区别；使与众不同

重点词汇讲解

spill

v.

（especiallyofliquid）toflowovertheedgeofthecontainerbyaccident（使）洒出，泼出，溢出

eg:

Theinkspiltalloverthedesk.

墨水洒了一桌子。

Whohasspilt/spilledthemilk?

谁把牛奶泼出来了?

用法：

cryoverspiltmilk

expressregretforsth.thathashappenedandcannotberemedied.为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔

eg:

You'vebrokenitnow;it'snousecryingoverspiltmilk!

你现在既已把它损坏了，后悔是没有用的!

interview

v.

toasksomebodyquestionsabouttheirlife,opinions,etc.,especiallyontheradioortelevisionforanewspaperormagazine（媒体）采访；访问

eg:

Weinterviewed20peopleforthejob.

为这份工作我们对20人进行了面试。

衍生：

inter-

在…之间

internet互联网

international国际的

interview面试

-ee

动作的受动者

interviewee

n.

personwhoisinterviewed（面试中）受审核者；被接见者；被采访者

employee雇员，examinee考生

-er

动作的执行者

interviewer

n.

personwhoconductsaninterview主持面试者；接见者；采访者

employer雇主，examiner考官

re-=again=

再

rename重命名

replace替代

remove

v.

totakesomethingorsomebodyawayfromaplace移开；拿开；去掉

用法：

~sth./sb.（fromsth.）

eg:

removethedishes（fromthetable）

（从餐桌上）撤去碗碟

restore

v.

tobringsomebody/somethingbacktoaformercondition,placeorposition使复原；使复位，使复职

用法：

~sb./sth.tosth.

eg:

restoresackedworkerstotheiroldjobs

使被解雇的工人复工

remark

v.

tosayorwriteacommendaboutsomething/somebody谈论；评论

用法：

~on/uponsth./sb.

eg:

Icouldn'thelpremarkingonheryouth.

我脱口而出说她那么年轻。

SpiltMilk

P1

Haveyouheardofthestoryaboutspiltmilk?Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Butthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldrespond

inthismanner.

P2

Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;what

set

himsofar

apartfrom

others?

P3

Herespondedthat,

inhisopinion,itallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthat

occurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.Hehadbeen

tryingto

remove

abottleof

milkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhe

losthisgripon

theslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontents

alloverthekitchenfloor—

averitableseaof

milk!

P4

Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,

insteadof

yellingat

him,

givinghimalecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,"Robert,

whatagreatwonderfulmessyouhavemade!

Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.

Wouldyouliketo

getdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewe

cleanitup?"

P5

Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,"Youknow,Robert,wheneveryou

makeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupand

restoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?"Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.

P6

Hismotherthensaid,"Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let'sgooutinthebackyardand

fill

thebottle

withwaterand,seeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit."Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!

P7

Therenownedscientistremarkedthat

itwasatthat

momentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.

Evenif

theexperiment"doesn'twork",weusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.

P8

Wouldn'titbegreat

ifallparentswouldrespond

thewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim?

EXERCISES

I

Checkyourcomprehension

1.Thisisastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwho____.

A）lookedsmarterthantheaverageperson

B）wasanunordinaryboywhenhewasyoung

C）becamewell-knownafteraninterview

D）achievedgreatsuccessinthemedicalfield[答疑编号506430020201：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】本题是对这则故事主人公身份事迹的考查。我们可以从课文第二段第一句中找到答案——whohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs，即一个在医学领域颇有成就的著名科学家，因此答案为D.

2.Whydidhegetthemilkspiltalloverthekitchenfloor?

A）Hefailedtoremovethebottleanditfell.

B）Hewastooyoungtocarrytheheavybottle.

C）Hehadnoconfidenceintakingthebottle.

D）Heloosedhisgriponthebottledeliberately.[答疑编号506430020202：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】本题是对细节的考查。我们可以从课文第三段第二句找到答案，helosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,因为他没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，因此A正确；D项前面说法正确，但是deliberately意为“故意地”，明显不合文意。答案为A.

3.Howdidhismotherrespondtohismistake?

A）Shepunishedhimbymakinghimcleanthekitchen.

B）Sheshoutedtostophimfromdoinganything.

C）Sheallowedhimtoplayinthemilkfirst.

D）Shetaughthimhowtocarrythebottleimmediately.[答疑编号506430020203：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】C

【答案解析】本题是综合细节考查题。答案需要阅读第四段全文，归纳得出，问题问的是妈妈对他的错误的反应，从第四段关键词语可以得出，当他妈妈赶到厨房，非但没有朝他喊叫，训斥他或是责罚他，还让他到牛奶堆里玩，因此C为正确答案。答案为C.

4.Themotherandthesonwentoutinthebackyardto______.

A）findsomewatertocleanthebottle

B）findawaytocarrythebottleeffectively

C）searchforanotherbottletoholdthemilk

D）seehowtofillthebottlewithoutdroppingit[答疑编号506430020204：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题着重考查细节。我们首先可以找出提问句子是在文章第六段第二句，答案在其后面，seeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit，译为“看是否能够找到一个方法来拿住它而不掉下来”，因此正确答案为B.

5.Itissaidinthepassagethatmistakesgivechancesto______.

A）knowthetruthclearly

B）learnsomethingnew

C）dosomeexperiments

D）teachachildalesson[答疑编号506430020205：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】本题是对文章主旨的考查。通过阅读文章第七段第二句可以得到答案，即helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew，译为“他认识到了这些错误正是从中学习新知识的机会”。因此B为正确答案。

IIIBridgingtheGap

介词用法

介词+宾语（名词性形式）

insummer,inBeijing,inthefirstplace

名词+介词+宾语形容词+介词+宾语动词+介词+宾语

eg:IteachinauniversityinBeijingandIamfondofmyjob.

动词用法

主语+不及物动词

eg:Mycellphonedoesn'twork.我的手机坏了。

主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语

eg:Lookattime!Weshouldhavebeenatthetheatretenminutesago.瞧，都什么时候了!十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。

主语+及物动词+宾语

eg:DoyouspeakEnglish?你讲英语吗？

形容词用法

形容词+名词

eg:It'salongstory.说来话长。

系动词（be,become,turn）+形容词

eg:I'mgladtoseeyou.很高兴见到你。

副词用法

修饰形容词、副词、动词

eg:SheisaverysmartgirlandcanspeakEnglishveryfluently.

withoutfearunderunavoidablesothat

successreachwiselyaslongasbetween

Lotsofpeopledon'tdaretomakemistakes.They（1）_______thattheywillberidiculedorblamedbyothers.Theyfearthattheywilllosetheirmoneyandbelongingsorbe（2）_____alotofstress.Butrisksare（3）______andtheydopavethewayyoumusttreadupontowards（4）_________.[答疑编号506430020206：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】（1）fear（2）under（3）unavoidable（4）success

【答案解析】（1）联系上下文可以知道，上文译为很多人害怕犯错，下文译为他们被嘲笑责备，由此可以得出，空格处应填入表示害怕意思的动词，因此答案为fear.

（2）本题考查动词词组的固定搭配。understress意为“承受压力，在压力之下”。答案为under.

（3）从下文意思可以看出，每个成功的人都曾犯过错，因此risk（风险）是不可避免的，unavoidable意为“不可避免的”。答案为unavoidable.

（4）由空格前半句的含义可知，此处应填入toward表示动作行为的所向目的地——成功。答案为success.

Haveyoueverheardofsomeonewhoachievessuccess（5）______makinganymistakesbefore?[答疑编号506430020207：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】（5）without

【答案解析】（5）从整句话可以看出，此处只能填入一个介词，引导后面的现在进行时态表示伴随状态，只有without合适。答案为without.

Soitisonlynaturalthatmakingmistakesinyoureffortto（6）______yourdreamsisconsideredamust,andyoushouldn'tworryaboutthatasyoumaygetalotofadvantagesoutofyourmistakes.Bymakingmistakesatleastyouthencandistinguish（7）______thecorrectandtheincorrectportionsofwhatyoudid.[答疑编号506430020208：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】（6）reach（7）between

【答案解析】（6）to引导的不定式做主语，此处应填入能与dream搭配的动词，reachyourdreams固定搭配，意为“实现你的理想”。答案为reach.

（7）此处考查动词的固定短语搭配。distinguishbetween“把……和……区别开”，题中译为“把你做的正确的部分和错误的部分区别开”。答案为between.

AnthonyD'Angelosaid:"Inordertosucceedyoumustfail,（8）______youknowwhattodothenexttime",andRobertLouisStevensonevenwenttotheextremeastosay:"Ourbusinessinlifeisnottosucceed,buttocontinuetofailingoodspirits."[答疑编号506430020209：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】（8）sothat

【答案解析】（8）此处考查sothat的用法。sothat引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便、为了”，从句中常使用can/could/may/might/will/would/should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在sothat前可以用逗号，意思是“因此、所以”。答案为sothat.

Youneedn'tworryaboutanything（9）_______youkeepongoingby（10）_____learningfromyourmistakesandtryingevenharder.[答疑编号506430020210：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】（9）aslongas（10）wisely

【答案解析】（9）本题考查aslongas的用法。表示onconditionthat,providedthat或if（只要，如果）的含义，引导条件状语从句。答案为aslongas.

（10）由空格处上下文可看出，此处应填入一个副词修饰动词learning，观察备选词，只有wisely符合，意为“明智地，聪明地”。答案为wisely.

IVTranslation

SectionA

1.Theyarelikelyto___________________（积极回应总统的请求）.（respondto）[答疑编号506430020211：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】respondtothePresidentactively/inanactivemanner

【答案解析】此处需要翻译的是to后面的部分，因为to后面只能接动词原形，因此“回应”译为respondto，“积极”译为actively或inanactivemanner，答案为respondtothePresidentactively/inanactivemanner,

2.Heblendsrightintothecrowdofteenagersand___________________________（只是他的口音与众不同）.（set…apart）[答疑编号506430020212：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】onlyhisaccentsetshimapartfromothers

【答案解析】此题考查set…apart的用法，“与……不同”，后面跟介词from；he做主语，后面跟两个宾语动词blendto和setapart；accent是名词，“口音”。答案为onlyhisaccentsetshimapartfromothers.

3._______________________（我从来没有见过这么美丽的落日）.（rarely）[答疑编号506430020213：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】Ihaverarelyseensuchabeautifulsunset

【答案解析】本题考查现在完成时态，其由“have/has+过去分词”构成，表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。答案为Ihaverarelyseensuchabeautifulsunset.

4.Thegovernmentistryingto______________________________________（恢复人们对国家经济的信心）.（restore）[答疑编号506430020214：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】restorepeople'sconfidenceinnationaleconomy

【答案解析】restore译为“恢复”。confidence后面接介词in，意为“对……有信心”。答案为restorepeople'sconfidence'innationaleconomy.

5.Onseveraloccasions___________________（她都谈到了这个男孩的进步）.（remark）[答疑编号506430020215：针对该题提问]

【正确答案】sheremarkedontheboy'sprogress

【答案解析】此处考查remark固定词组搭配。remarkon“谈论；评论”；that后面引导的是名词性从句。答案为sheremarkedontheprogressthattheboyhadmade.TextBTheCakeNewWords

glance

v.

tolookquicklyatsomething/somebody瞥一眼；匆匆一看；扫视

touch

n.

asmalldetailthatisaddedtosomethinginordertoimproveitormake,itcomplete修饰；润色；装点

frost

v.

tocoveracakewithicing/frosting给（糕饼）覆上糖霜

aesthetic

adj.

concernedwithbeautyandartandtheunderstandingofbeautifulthings审美的；有审美观点的；美学的

triumph

n..

agreatsuccess,achievementorvictory巨大成功；伟大胜利

lumpy

adj.

fulloflumps多块状物的；为块状物覆盖的

frosting

n.

asweetmixtureofsugarandwater,milk,butteroreggwhitethatisusedtocoveranddecoratecakes糖霜（用以装饰糕饼等）

blender

n.

anelectricmachineformixingsoftfoodorliquid（电动）食物搅拌器

fixings

n.

[pl.]（AmE）theextrathingsthatitistraditionaltohaveforaspecialmealoroccasion（菜肴的）配料

requisite

adj.

necessaryforaparticularpurpose必需的；必备的；必不可少的

utensil

n.

atoolthatisusedinthehouse（家庭）用具，器皿

phoenix

n.

（instories）amagicbirdthatlivesforseveralhundredyearsbeforeburningitselfandthenbeingbornagainfromitsashes（传说中的）凤凰；长生鸟

clutter

n.

alotofthingsinanuntidystate,especiallythingsthatarenotnecessaryorarenotbeingused杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）；杂乱

present

v.

togivesomethingtosomebody,especiallyformallyataceremony把…交给；颁发；授予

anniversary

n.

adatethatisanexactnumberofyearsafterthedateofanimportantorspecialevent周年纪念日

flash

n.

asuddenbrightlightthatshinesforamomentandthendisappears闪光；闪耀

position

v.

toputsomebody/somethinginaparticularposition安置；安装；使处于

slide

v.

tomovequicklyandquietly,forexampleinordernottobenoticed;tomakesomethingmoveinthisway（使）快捷而悄声地移动

explode

v.

tosuddenexpressanemotion突然爆发，迸发（感情）

slip

v.

togosomewherequicklyandquietly,especiallywithoutbeingnoticed悄悄疾行；溜

flip

v.

topressabuttonorswitchinordertoturnamachine,etc.onoroff按（开关）；按（按钮）

trumpet

v.

toplayatrumpet发出喇叭声

gesture

v.

tomoveyourhands,head,face,etc.asawayofexpressingwhatyoumeanorwant做手势；用手势表示

grandly

adv.

inawaythattriestoimpressotherpeopleormakethemfeeladmirationbutoftendoesnot骄傲地；自负地

slightly

adv.

alittle略微；稍微

off-balance

adj.

inanunsteadypositionandlikelytofall不平衡的；不稳定的

layer

n.

aquantityorthicknessofsomethingthatliesoverasurfaceorbetweensurfaces层；表层

inspection

n.

theactoflookingcloselyatsomething/somebody,especiallytocheckthateverythingisasitshouldbe检查；查看；审视

moan

v.

tocomplainaboutsomethinginawaythatotherpeoplefindannoying抱怨

interject

v.

tointerruptwhatsomebodyissayingwithyouropinionoraremark打断（别人的讲话）；插话

gently

adv.

inagentleway温柔地；温和地；和缓地

disaster

n.

somethingthatisverybadorafailure,especiallywhenthisisveryannoyingordisappointing灾难；不幸；彻底失败

storm

v.

togosomewherequicklyandinanangry,noisyway气呼呼地疾走

slam

v.

toshut,ortomakesomethingshut,withalotofforce,makingaloudnoise（使…）砰地关上

silently

adv.

withoutmakinganyormuchsound悄悄地；静静地

moist

adj.

slightwet微湿的；湿润的

suffer

v.

tobebadlyaffectedbyadisease,pain,sadness,alackofsomething,etc.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨

occasional

adj.

happeningordonesometimesbutnotoften偶然的；临时的

issue

n.

animportanttopicthatpeoplearediscussingorarguingabout重要议题；争论的问题

significance

n.

theimportantofsomething,especiallywhenthishasaneffectonwhathappensinthefuture（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义

stuff

n.

usedtorefertoasubstance,material,groupofobjects,etc.whenyoudonotknowthename,whenthenameisnotimportantorwhenitisobviouswhatyouaretalkingabout（事物名称不详、无关紧要或所指事物明显时用）东西，物品，玩意儿

awfully

adv.

very;extremely非常；极其

troublesome

adj.

causingtrouble,pain,etc.overalongperiodoftime令人烦恼的；令人痛苦的

deserve

v.

ifsomebody/somethingdeservessomething,itisrightthattheyshouldhaveit,becauseofthewaytheyhavebehavedorbecauseofwhattheyare值得；应得；应受

frustration

n.

somethingthatcausesyoutofeelfrustrated令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）的事物

carpet

n.

athickwovenmaterialmadeofwooletc.forcoveringfloorsorstairs地毯

emerge

v.

tostarttoexist露头；显现

dignity

n.

asenseofyourownimportanceandvalue自豪；自尊；自重

sanitation

n.

conditionsandprocessesofkeepingplacescleanandhygienic环境卫生

sacrifice

n.

thefactofgivingupsomethingimportantorvaluabletoyouinordertogetordosomethingthatseemsmoreimportant牺牲；舍弃

tender

adj.

easilyhurtordamaged易损坏的；纤弱的；脆弱的

responsibility

n.

adutytodealwithortakecareofsomebody/something,sothatyoumaybeblamedifsomethinggoeswrong责任；负责

occasionally

adv.

sometimesbutnotoften偶然；偶尔；有时候

consequence

n.

aresultofsomethingthathashappened结果；后果

PhrasesandExpressions

fromscratch

fromtheverybeginning,notusinganyoftheworkdoneearlier从头开始；从零开始

runoutof

touseuporfinishasupplyofsomething用完；耗尽

stayup

togotobedlaterthanusual熬夜

重点词汇

explode

v.

tosuddenexpressanemotion突然爆发，迸发（感情）

用法：~with/in/intosth.

eg:Heexplodedwithrage,fury,jealousy,etc.他勃然大怒﹑暴跳如雷﹑妒火中烧等

Sheexplodedintoloudlaughter.她突然大笑起来。

其他词义：

（causesth.to）burstwithaloudnoise;blowup（使某物）爆炸；炸开

eg:Whentheboilerexplodedmanypeoplewereinjured.因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。

衍生

explosive

adj.

likelyoreasilyabletoexplode爆炸性的；易爆炸的

eg:explosivematerials爆炸材料

explosive

n.

substancethatislikelyorabletoexplode爆炸物；炸药

eg:Thebombwaspackedwithhighexplosive,i.e.asubstancethatexplodeswithgreatforce.这炸弹装有烈性炸药。

explosion

n.

greatandsuddenincrease激增

eg:apopulationexplosion人口激增

theexplosionofoilprices石油价格的急剧上涨

inspection

n.

theactoflookingcloselyatsomething/somebody,especiallytocheckthateverythingisasitshouldbe检查；查看；审视

eg:Aninspectionwascarriedoutattheschool.学校接受了一次检查。

衍生

inspect

v.

（a）examine（sth.）closely检查（某事物）

eg:Thecustomsofficerinspectedmypassportsuspiciously.海关官员颇为怀疑地检查了我的护照。

（b）visit（sth.）officiallytoseethatrulesareobeyed,thatworkisdoneproperly,etc.视察（某事物）

eg:inspectaschool,factory,regiment,etc.视察学校﹑工厂﹑团队等

构词

词根

spec,spic,specul=tolook,tosee看

expect期待inspect检查suspect怀疑

respect尊敬despise轻视spectacle奇观

spectacular奇妙的spectator观众prospect前景

suffer

v.

tobebadlyaffectedbyadisease,pain,sadness,alackofsomething,etc.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨

用法：~from

eg:Doyousufferfrom（i.e.oftenhave）headaches?你常头痛吗?

衍生

suffering

n.

seriousphysicalormentalpain痛苦

eg:thesufferingoftherefugeesafterthewar战后难民的痛苦

deserve

v.

ifsomebody/somethingdeservessomething,itisrightthattheyshouldhaveit,becauseofthewaytheyhavebehavedorbecauseofwhattheyare值得；应得；应受

eg:Shedeservesarewardforherefforts.她积极努力，应得到奖赏。

Theydeservetobesenttoprison.他们应该入狱。

responsibility

n.

adutytodealwithortakecareofsomebody/something,sothatyoumaybeblamedifsomethinggoeswrong责任；负责

用法：~forsb./sth.

eg:take/assume/accept/bearfullresponsibilityfortheconsequences对后果承担全部责任

衍生

responsible

adj.

legallyormorallyobligedtotakecareofsb./sth.ortocarryoutaduty,andliabletobeblamedifonefails（在法律上或道义上）须负责任，承担责任

~forsb./sth.

；~fordoingsth.

eg:Allpilotsareresponsiblefortheirpassengers’safety.凡是飞机驾驶员均应对乘客的安全负责。

~tosb./sth.

havingtoaccountforone'sactionstoanauthorityorasuperior对自己的行动向主管者或上级承担责任

eg:bedirectly/indirectlyresponsibletothePresident直接/间接向总统负责

词类转换

副词词尾-lyadj.+-ly=adv

grandly

adv.

inawaythattriestoimpressotherpeopleormakethemfeeladmirationbutoftendoesnot骄傲地；自负地

eg:Hegrandlysuggestedthatwesitdowntoworkoutapracticalsolution.他派头很大地建议我们坐下来拟定一个实际的解决办法。

grand

adj.

magnificent;splendid;big;ofgreatimportance（alsoinnamesofplaces,buildings,etc.）宏伟的；壮丽的；大的；伟大的；重大的（也用于地名﹑建筑物名等）

eg:It'snotaverygrandhouse,justalittlecottage.那不是深宅大院，只不过是个小农舍。

slightly

adv.

alittle（略微，稍微）

eg:slightlybiggerhouse稍大些的房子

slight

adj.

notseriousorimportant;small不严重的；不重要的；微小的；轻微的

eg：aslightslip/error/change/improvement轻微的失误/错误/变化/改进

gently

adv.

inagentleway温柔地；温和地；和缓地

eg:speaktosb.gently对某人轻声细语地谈话

gentle

adj.

mild;kind;careful;notrough,violentorsevere温和的；慈祥的；小心的；温柔的；文雅的；轻轻的

eg:agentleperson/manner/voice/look温和的人/举止/声音/样子

silently

adv.

withoutmakinganyormuchsound悄悄地；静静地

eg:Hesatsilentlybythebed.他悄悄地坐在床边。

silent

adj.

makingnoorlittlesound;notaccompaniedbyanysound寂静的；无声的

eg:Thechildrenwentout,andtheroomwassilent.孩子们出去了，房间里十分安静。

awfully

adv.

very;extremely非常；极其

eg:Thanksawfullyforthepresent.万分感谢您的厚礼.

awful

adj.

extremelybadorunpleasant;terrible极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的

eg:anawfulaccident/experience/shock/etc.可怕的事故﹑经历﹑打击等

名词转换成动词

frost

v.

tocoveracakewithicing/frosting给（糕饼）覆上糖霜

eg:Shewasfrostingthechocolatecake.她在给巧克力饼上糖霜。

其他含义：becomecoveredwithfrost结霜

eg:Thecarwindscreenfrostedoverduringthenight.汽车的挡风玻璃在夜间结了霜。

frost

n.

deworwatervapourfrozenintotinywhiteicecrystalsthatcovertheground,etcwhenthetemperaturefallsbelowfreezing-point霜

eg:Thewindscreenwascoveredwithfrost.挡风玻璃上结了霜。

position

v.

toputsomebody/somethinginaparticularposition安置；安装；使处于

eg:positiontheaerialforthebestreception把天线安装在接收效果最好的位置上

position

n.

placewheresb./sth.is位置；方位

eg:Fromhispositionontheclifftop,hehadagoodviewoftheharbour.他位于悬崖顶上，可以把海湾看得清清楚楚。

trumpet

v.

toplayatrumpet发出喇叭声

eg:Ifanelephanttrumpets,itmakesaloudnoise.大象叫的声音很大。

trumpet

n.

brassmusicalinstrumentwithabrightringingtone小号；喇叭

eg:hearadistanttrumpet听到远处的小号声

gesture

v.

tomoveyourhands,head,face,etc.asawayofexpressingwhatyoumeanorwant做手势；用手势表示

eg:Hegestured（tome）thatitwastimetogo.他向我示意该走了。

gesture

n.

expressivemovementofapartofthebody,esp.thehandorhead姿势；手势

eg:makearudegesture做出粗野的姿势

storm

v.

togosomewherequicklyandinanangry,noisyway气呼呼地疾走

eg:Aftertheargumentshestormedoff.经过争论之后她愤然离开。

storm

n.

occasionofviolentweatherconditions,withstrongwindsandusu.rainorsnoworthunder,etc.风暴；暴风雨；暴风雪；雷暴天气

eg:a`thunder-/`wind-/`rain-/`snow-/`dust-/`sand-storm雷暴[风暴/雨暴/雪暴/尘暴/沙暴]

TheTextBTheCake

P1

Cindyglancednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbeforemidnight.

P2

"Theyshouldbehomeanytimenow,"shethoughtassheputthefinishingtouchesonthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacake

fromscratch,and

tobehonest,itwasn'texactlyanaesthetictriumph.Thecakewas…well,lumpy.Andthefrostingwasbitter,asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofcourse,shehad.

P3

Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.Imagineahugeblenderfilledwithallthefixingsforchocolatecake—includingtherequisitebowls,pansandutensils.Nowimaginethattheblenderis

turnedon.Highspeed.Withthelidoff.Doyougettheidea?

P4

ButCindywasn'tthinkingaboutthemess.Shehadcreatedsomething,averitablephoenixofflourandsugarrisingoutofthekitchenclutter.She

wasanxiousfor

herparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheranniversarygifttothem.Sheturnedoffthekitchenlightsandwaitedexcitedlyinthedarkness.Whenatlastshesawtheflashofthecarheadlights,shepositionedherselfinthekitchendoorway.

Bythetime

sheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.

P5

Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.Sheflippedonthelightsdramaticallyandtrumpeted:“Ta-daaa!"Shegesturedgrandlytowardthekitchentable,whereaslightlyoff-balancetwo-layerchocolatecakeawaitedtheirinspection.

P6

Buthermother'seyesnever