2002年考研英语真题及解析(黄皮书)

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)1.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot2the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic_3_，followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe4oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution5 leading6throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures7the20thcenturyworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.NoteveryoneseesthatProcessin8.Itisimportanttodoso.early20thcentury,10bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,11itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately12.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas13,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople, generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch16.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe17withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas18bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.1.［A］between 2.［A］after 3.［A］means 4.［A］process 5.［A］gathered 6.［A］on 7.［A］of 8.［A］concept 9.［A］indeed ［C］stimulated［D］characterized11.［A］unless 12.［A］apparent 13.［A］institutional［B］universal ［C］fundamental［D］instrumental14.［A］ability 15.［A］bymeansof［B］intermsof［C］withregardto［D］inlinewith16.［A］deeper 17.［A］context 18.［A］regarded ［C］influenced［D］effected19.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational20.［A］above SectionII ReadingComprehensionPartA[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttothetheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirHereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.Amanarrivesbyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodand“Oh,that’sGod,”camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”toknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouand’itllbetheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucanaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.AtwistonafamiliarSearchforexaggerationandunderstatement.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould [A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare

[A]impolitetonewarrivals[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople[B]arethefocusofpublicattention[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock24.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage[B]asawkwardlyaspossible[C]inexaggeratedstatements[D]ascasuallyaspossible25.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe

[A]UseHumorEffectively[B]VariousKindsofHumor[C]AddHumortoSpeech[D]DifferentHumorStrategiestocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumanofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoslabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithaIndeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.26.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin [A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.27.Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

[A]programs B］experts ［C］devices ［D］creatures28.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan [A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.[C]havealittlecommonsense.[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld.29.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso [A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.[C]improvefactoryenvironments.[D]cultivatehumancreativity.30.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare

[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.tosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,memoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthisStrengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxespriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsOutlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonlyOntheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasOnemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.31.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis_______[A]globalinflation. [B]reductioninsupply.[C]fastgrowthineconomy. [D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports.32.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoup[A]priceofcruderises. [B]commoditypricesrise.[C]consumptionrises. [D]oiltaxesrise.33.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries_______.［A］heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive.［B］incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.［C］manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP.34.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat_______.［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.［C］energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.35.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems__________.［A］optimistic.［B］sensitive.［C］gloomy.［D］scared.TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantAlthoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedacenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdoseswilleventuallykillthepatient.that,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecauseIfyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethatthemodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.evendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningtotheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.Hesaysmedicalthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.36.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat [A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbe[D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions. [A]prolongedmedicalprocedures [B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse [D]insufficienthospitalcare[A]Bold. [B]Harmful. [C]Careless.[D]Desperate [A]managetheirpatientsincompetently[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatientsReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10byphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofhumannature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Thepushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.thanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobearebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.（44）Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous（self-governing）manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialwilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?（45）Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.SectionIIIWritingStudythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“CulturesNationalandInternational”.Intheessayyoushould1.describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and2.giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume（服装）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析1.[A]between在…当中，在空间、位置或时间的中间[D]later后来，稍后，随后2.[A]after [B]by [C]during [D]until空格所在的句子是一个强调句型：itwas+时间状语+that。四个选项中能与notfirstmether.（强调地点状语）；Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycould3.[A]means方式，方法，手段 [B]method方法 本题相关部分是thenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic_

3_,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebook，其中inthewakeof意为“紧代到来前主要的__3__”从句意来看，空格处填入的名词应概括newspaper、pamphlet理”，如：Todothis,scientistshavetodevisemethodsusingradarandunderwater4.[A](inthe)process(of)在……过程中[B](inthe)company(of)在……陪伴下，与……同时出现[C](inthe)light(of)按照，根据[D](inthe)form(of)以……的形式[解析]本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+介词短语辨析。文章相关部分是newspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronicmedium,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe4oftheperiodical，从结构上来看，现在分词结构followinginthewakeof和介词短语inthe4of是并行的部分，它们之间的关系是通过inthewakeof和inthe4of两个部分来体现的。5.[A]gathered(up)收集，蜷缩，概括[B]speeded(up)加速[C]worked(up)逐步建立，逐步发展，逐步引起，整理[D]picked(up)拾起，染上，学到，整理，收听到，好转“通信革命加速发展”。文中所在句子用了强调结构Itwasduringthesametimethat，例句补充：Thechildgathereduphistoysandputthemaway.（孩子把他的玩具6.[A](lead)on引导，率领……继续前进[D](lead)off（begin）开始[解析]本题考核的知识点是：短语动词搭配+副词词义辨析。割的两个部分。考生首先需判断选项中哪个副词可以与lead和through搭配。首先排除7.[A]of…的，属于…的；有关…的[B]for为了；代表；以…为目的地；因为[C]beyond超出（理解、范围、眼界）之上根据上一题的分析，句子空格处需要一个介词和前面的beginwith，leadonthrough8．[A]concept观念，概念[B]dimension长度，宽度，高度，尺寸，大小[解析]本题考核的知识点是：句内语义+介词短语搭配。本题要求考生判断哪个名词和介词in搭配构成副词短语。空格所在句子是Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin8（并不是每个人都…地看待这个过程）。首先排除havenoformalcontract,butheis,ineffect,hermanager.（他们之间没有正式合知识点补充：inperspective和inone’srightperspective都是固定搭配，都表all“并非都是，不是每个都是”的含义。如：Bothofthemarenotmybrothers.（他们两9.[A]indeed实际上，确实（表强调）[B]hence因此，所以，（表因果关系） recognizedthattheintroductionofthecomputerradicallychangedtheprocess。 However,noteverybodyagreed.②Thevisitorcametothedoor;however,itwastoolateforhim10.[A]brought带来[C]stimulated刺激,激励空格所在部分10bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s12.[A]apparent明显的[解析]本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+形容词词义辨析。空格所在句子是itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately

12，其中its[解析]本题考核的知识点是：句内语义+形容词词义辨析。接了两个并列句子，即上句的smallerandmorepowerful与下文的personalaswellas例句补充：Technicalinnovationisinstrumentalinimprovingthequalitiesof14.[A]ability [B]capability[C]capacity [D]facultybecomingsharper（现在分词结构）andstorage14（逻辑主语）increasing（现在分如：Thelittlegirlhasgreatcapabilityasasingerandshouldbetrained.（这15.[A]bymeansof用…，依靠…，通过…[B]intermsof按照，在…方面，从…角度[C]withregardto关于[D]inlinewith符合，和…一致空格所在句子是Theywerethoughtof,likepeople, 主语they指的仍然是computers，插入语意为“像人一样”，谓语是被动语态形式were措辞及它所传达的概念，如：Givetheanswerintermsofapercentage.（用百分比来B。isnotveryprofitableintermsofcash,butIamgettingvaluableexperiencefromThatisn’tinlinewithmyideasatall.（那和我的想法根本不一致）。16.[A]deeper [B]fewer[C]nearer [D]smaller17.[A]context（事情发生的）环境，背景空格所在句子是一个强调句型Itwaswithinthecomputeragethat…，其大意是：18.[A]regarded看待，把…作为，尊敬，涉及[B]impressed留下印象，盖印[C]influenced影响 [D]effected产生，招致，实现空格所在句子是Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas

bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime，因此考生需判断哪个Thenewmanagereffectedseveralchangesinthecompany.（新来的经理在公司里促成19.[A]competitive竞争的 [B]controversial有争议的 20.[A]above在…上，超出 [B]upon在…上[C]against对照，对比，与…相反 [D]with和…，同…在一起第二部分阅读理解试题解析21.Tomakeyourhumorwork,you _。[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsof[A]利用不同类型的听众[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemsto [D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

们的观点。作者在第三句得出结论，即“Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,thetocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses。但这只是用来论证“听众不同问题不同”这22.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,22.从那个关于医生的笑话里推出护士对intheeyesofnurses,they [A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[B]非常在乎自己上帝般的角色[C]entitledtosomeprivileges [C]享有某些特权[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours [D]用午餐时都很忙点。作者在第二段讲述了一则嘲笑医生的笑话。笑话中上帝的动作rushtograb和stomp23.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat23.从文中可以推出，公共服务____。publicservices [A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention [B]是公众注意的焦点[C]areaninappropriatesubjectfor[C]不适合作为幽默的笑料[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

24.Toachievethedesiredresult,24.为了达到预期的效果，幽默故事应该以 [A]inwell-wordedlanguage

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible [B]尽可能地不自然；[C]inexaggeratedstatements [C]用夸张的词语；[D]ascasuallyaspossible [D]尽可能自然。 [A]UseHumorEffectively [B]VariousKindsofHumor [C]AddHumortoSpeech [D]DifferentHumorStrategies Atheirpointifview.本句主干是Yourhumormustbe...andshouldhelptoshow...，不定式toshow后是两个that引导的宾语从句：thatyouareoneofthethem以及thatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview，中间用or连接。②Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.pilltaketowork?安眠药要多长时间才起作用？toknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.if句充当主句的条件状语，主句由两个并列的分句构成：youwillbe...andit’llbebeinapositiontodosth.意思是“由于客观或主观条件”可能做某事。如：Heisinapositiontomarry.他有条件结婚。passing意思是：粗略的，随便的，仓促的。如：apassingmention顺便提及。④Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywill①Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.maywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.两个if条件从句的并列、talkingto和addressing、referto和commenton的替换26.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstrated26.人类智慧最初表现在 ［A］theuseofmachinestoproducescience

［B］thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturing［B］制造业中机器的广泛使用［C］theinventionoftoolsfordifficultand［C］发明工具去处理困难和危险dangerouswork ［D］theelite’scunningtacklingof dangerousandboringwork withworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty对应，因此27．Theword“gizmos”(line1, paragraph2)mostprobablymeans. [A]programs 28．Accordingtothetext,whatis beyondman’sabilitynowistodesigna robotthatcan___.［A］fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperforming

brainsurgery ［B］interactwithhumanbeingsverbally ［C］havealittlecommonsense ［D］respondindependentlytoachangingworld[D]独立地对变化的世界做出反应环境。D选项是对原句‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld的29．Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscan ［A］makeafewdecisionsforthemselves ［B］dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention[B]在人的干预下处理一些错误［C］improvefactoryenvironments ［D］cultivatehumancreativity BACD30．Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeyto30．作者以猴子为例想要说明机arguethatrobotsare ［A］expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternal[A]有望被用来复制人脑的内部结构［B］abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately[B]能够立即感知不正常的现象［C］farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusing[C]在聚焦相关信息方面远不如人脑onrelevantinformation［D］bestusedinacontrolledenvironment Ctheyhavebeguntocomeclose.③Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.④Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.干是theywillhavetooperate...andbeabletomakedecisions...。破折号后是一Ifyouaretosucceedyoumustbepatientandpersistent.（要想成功，就必须有耐tobebackby10o’clock.）、禁止（Childrenarenottosmoke.）等。⑤Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.farmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.从句其实是两个句子的糅合，即nervecellsaremuchmoretalentedthanpreviously⑦Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.该句子关键要把握其结构上对几个动词的处理：thehumanmindcanglimpse...andfocuson变为分词结构做结果状语。glimpse接的宾语是由定语从句修饰的中心名词98Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.tellerterminalsthankuswithpoliteness，tirelessrobo-drivers。（sly(5)compulsion强迫，强制；难以抗拒的冲动，禁不住要做的事，如：Drinkingisa~withher.（她忍不住要喝酒）tochart流程图，latencytime等待时间等等。31.Themainreasonforthelatestrise31．最近石油价格上涨的主要原因是ofoilpriceis[A]globalinflation [A]全球性通货膨胀[B]reductioninsupply [B]石油供应量下降[C]fastgrowthineconomy [C]经济快速增长；[D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports [D]伊拉克暂停石油出口。 theretailpriceofpetrolwillgoup油零售价格会大幅上涨？if[A]priceofcruderises

[B]commoditypricesrise [B]商品价格上涨[C]consumptionrises [C]消费上涨[D]oiltaxesrise [D]石油税上涨33．TheestimatesinEconomicOutlook showthatinrichcountries [A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy[A]重工业消耗更多能源[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfrom

fluctuatingcrudeoilprices[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeen

[D]oilpricechangeshaveno significantimpactonGDP22GDPD34.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat34.从课文中，可以得出的结论是 [A]oilpriceshocksarelessshockingnow [B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-price [C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoil

[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstothe

shrinkingofheavyindustry 35.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriter35．作者对“油价上涨”所持的态度为

[B]sensitive [C]gloomy [C]悲伤[D]scared [D]害怕whenpricesquadrupled,and1979～1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.句子主干是Thisneartriplingofoilprices...callsup...memoriesofthe1973...and1979～1980...其中ofoilprices修饰前面的tripling，ofthe1973hemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25%～0.5%ofGDP.comparedwith$13in1998是一个状语。hasshifted—havebecomemoreenergyintensive,andsocouldbemoreseriously句子主干是oilimportingemergingeconomies...havebecome...andsocouldtherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommoditypriceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.句子主干是...reason...isthat...。nottolosesleepover…是reason的后it指的是前文提到的theriseinoilprices。Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?20197336.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,we36.从前三段中，我们可以知道 learnthat [A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrug

[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorsto

helpthedyingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposes

physician-assistedsuicide [D]patientshavenoconstitutional[D]病人没有法律赋予的权力去自杀righttocommitsuicide37.Whichofthefollowingstatements itstrueaccordingtothetext?[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyifthey[A]如果医生冒病人死亡的风险，他将被认risktheirpatients’death. [B]Modernmedicinehasassisted[B]现代医学一直在帮助那些临死病人进 [C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosage

pain-relievingmedicationcanbe

justifiedbyhisintentions. Iholdtheparentsresponsiblefortheirchildren’sbehavior.第五段谈到，外科B oftheproblemsinend-of-lifecare [A]prolongedmedicalprocedures

[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain [B]对病痛处理不力[C]systematicdrugabuse [C]蓄意的药物滥用[D]insufficienthospitalcare [D]医院护理不足含义上和原文有出入。Ｃ项中的“systematic”意为“plannedinadvanceanddonewithtoruinone’sreputation(蓄意破坏某人的名誉)。39.Whichofthefollowingbestdefines39.第七段第二行出现的aggressive的含theword“aggressive”(line2, [A]Bold. [A]大胆的。[B]Harmful. [B]有害的。[C]Careless. [C]粗心的。[D]Desperate. [D]不顾一切的。40.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethat40.乔治·安纳斯认为在以下哪一种情doctorsshouldbepunishedifthey [A]managetheirpatientsincompetently. [C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients. [B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.[C]减少病人的药物剂量。[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthe 在最后一段中安纳斯明确指出，painfuldeaths(病人痛苦的死亡)shouldresultinacenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodintendsonlythegoodeffect.这是个一句话的段落，其中心结构是theCourtsupportedthemedicalprinciple，Although引导的分句与后面构成转折关系。acenturies-oldmoralprinciple...goodeffect是对themedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”进行解释说明的同位语，其主干是principleholdingthatanaction...ispermissible。②NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthatthe③Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseofperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.该句子的主干是Itidentifies...as...，identify接的宾语是由and连接的两个④“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.①Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethatthemodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.Onanotherlevel是全文的分界点，起着切换话题的作用。fueledinpartby运用暗totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.assistedbyphysician（由医生协助的），类似的词有：weather-beaten饱经风霜的(的侵害)，如：shieldhiseyesfromthesun(7)hospice（n.）收容所,济贫院题解析（41）Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencenature,andsoon.[解析]本题考核的知识点是：词义选择、固定搭配trace…to…、表语从句。all由一个of引导名词性从句whatiscalledbehavioralscience修饰；谓语是continues；最后的statesofmind,feelings...andsoon都是做trace…to…中介词（42）Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.这是一个主从复合句，句子主干为Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowto…partlybecause…andpartlybecause…。slowtochange是形容词带不定式，译成“发（43）Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittleandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognized。therole…wasformulated…。therole由of...和in...两个介词短语修饰，onlya干为theselectiveroleof…in…isonly