必修五unit1知识点总结

1.have1）havesb/sthdosth让某人“/物做某事”,宾语sb/sth和宾补do之间为主动.如：Mumoftenhasmehelpdosomehousework.2）havesb/sthdoingsth让某人“/物一直/总是做某事”,宾语sb/sth和宾补do之间为主动,且强调动作一直进行.如：Don'thavethemachineworkingallthetime.3）havesb/sthdone让某“人/物被...宾”,语sb/sth和宾补do之间为被动关系.如：Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.2.get1）getsb/sthtodosth使得某“人/物去做某事”,宾语sb/sth和宾补do之间为主动关系,且动作尚未发生.如：Canyougetustodotheexperiment?你能让我们做这个试验吗 ?2）getsb/sthdoingsth使得某“人/物正在做某事”,宾语sb/sth和宾补do之间是主动关系,且动作正在发生.如：Hehasgotthecarstarting.3）getsb/sthdone使得“某人/物被...宾”,语sb/sth和宾补do之间是被动关系.如：Imustgetmybikerepaired.3.makemakesb/sthdosth使得“某人/物做某事”,宾语sb/sth和宾补do之间是主动关系.如：Hisjokemadeusalllaugh.Unit1Greatscientists?1.(v.)检查(inspect,check)2.(vt.&vi.)推断出，结束3.(vt.)分析(n.analysis)4.(vt.&n．)打败；战胜，使受挫；失败(beat)5.(vt.)出席，护理，照顾，参加6.(vt.)暴露，揭露，使曝光(uncover,unmask,undress,reveal)7.(vt.&n．)治愈，治疗；痊愈8.(v.)控制9.(vt.)吸收，吸引；使专心10.(vt.&n)责备，谴责；过失，责备(criticize,scold,accuse反praise)11.(adv.)立即12.(n.&v．)把手；处理，操纵(dealwith)13.(vt.&vi.)贡献，捐献，捐助14.(v.)完成(finish)15.(vt.)拒绝，抛弃，不接受(refuse/abandon)16.(n.)特征，特性17.(adj.)严重的(serious)，严厉的，剧烈的18.(adj.)积极的，肯定的，确实的(同active/optimistic/supportive)(反negative,passive/pessimistic/opposed/objectto)19.(adj.)热情的，热心的(n.enthusiasm)20.(adj.)小心的，谨慎的(n.caution)(be~about)1．得出结论2．提出3．另外,除了4．应受到责备5．对⋯⋯严格的6．将⋯⋯和⋯⋯联系或连接起来7．导致8．讲得通，有意义9．使显露，暴露有助于，导致全神贯注于1．So manythousandsof terrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.5thline)此处 everytime引导时间状语从句，相当于 whenever,指“每当........状元”(桥P116-117)可作连词用的名词词组1，The+瞬间名词（instant,minute,moment)2，The+序数词（first,second.......)+time,3，不定代词（each,every,any)+time4，The day(week,month,year,........)此外，有些副词，如 directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句 ,意为“一.......就....... ”Exercise:1._______________________________tohishometown(每次他回到家乡）,hewillvisithisteacher.（come）2.————————————————(第一次我见到她），Ifellinlove withher.see)3.________________________________你(一按按钮）, the machine willstart.(moment)4.Hevisitedhisoldfriend___________________他(到达的那一天）（arrive）5.He turnedontheTV____________________他(一回到家）（immediately)关于time的其他用法：1.forthefirsttime是介词短语，作时间状语，而thefirsttime是连词，引导时间状语从句如：I methiminthepartyforthefirsttime.2.It/This/Thatis/wasthefirsttimethat.......如果用is,则从句用现在完成时，如果用was,则用过去完成时如：Itisthefirsttimethat——————(我来到中国）Itwasthefirsttimethat——————（我见到他）3.Itis(high/abouttime)that.......从句用一般过去时如：It ishightimethat—————————（我们采取措施） toprotect ourenviroment.(measure)measure)2.It seemedthatthewaterwastoblame.(25thline)表达“好像，似乎”的句型Itseems/appearsthat.........Itseems/appears/looksasif........（真实/虚拟）Sb/sthseems/appearstodo/be..........sb/sthseems/appears+adj/n.(系表结构）Exercise:他似乎很聪明1,_________________heisclever.He_____________________.He______________________.2,Itseemsasif___________________天(要下雨了）.3,Itseemedasifthepen（断了）whenweputitinthewater，butactuallyitwasn’t.(break)(2012湖北真题）4,Thingsaren’talways（appear）.事情往往不是它们看上去那样。4,Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.(5thline)Neither..........nor.........既不.........也不.........谓语遵循就近原则，类似的还有：either........or.........Notonly.......butalso...........,not.......but.........,Therebe..........,neither/nor为否定词，置于句首时句子要部分倒装Exercise:状(元桥P116）5,Ifyoudon’ttakepartinthemeeting,我也(不参加）.(neither)6,Infact,Ididn’knowthistotalincome.______________________我(也不在乎）howhismoneywasspent.(neither)7,Neithertheplayersnorthecoach_________________victory,whichmaybethereasonfortheirloss.(confident).8,A woman,who..........., liked the waterfromthepumpsomuchthat shehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(42nd line)So/such.......that........如此.......以致于.......So/such置于句首时要用部分倒装如：————————————(这个地方如此美丽）thatIwouldneverforgetit.(beautiful)have sth done:让某事被做 或表示遭遇如：1.-----whereisyourcomputer?--------___________________我(送去修了）inthecomputershop.(repair)2. 我的钱包被偷了。___________________(steal)JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.(46thline)常用（should）+do在名词性从句中构成虚拟语气的动词一坚持：insist二命令：order ,command三建议：advise, suggest,propose四要求：request,require,demand,desire,(urge)如：1.Theteacher requestedthat alltheexampapers_________________(上交）tomorrow.(hand)Itwasadvisedthat_________________________(他保持健康的饮食）longtimeago,buthedidn ’tlisten.(keep)concludevt.&vi.断定，推断；使结束，终止；达成，缔结（con全部+clude→全部关掉→结论）includev包括（in进入+clude→关进去→包括）conclusionn．结束，结论inconclusion最后，总之=inaword=inshort/briefarriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论cometotheconclusionthat...所得结论是⋯1.Richardson_______fromhisstudiesthatgenderequalityisstillalongwayoff.(状元桥P114）Aaccounted BconcludedC resulted Dconfirmed2.___________________theearthquakeledtothegreatdisasterinJapan.(conclude)(状元桥P114）结论是那次地震造成了日本的巨大灾难。2.defeatvt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n． 失败.( de去掉+feat功绩→打败）(状元桥P114）de-表示"去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下 "等destruction破坏（de+struct结构；建造＋ion→弄坏结构→破坏）=destroydesalt除去盐分（de+salt盐→去掉盐分）dehydration 脱水（de+hydration水分→脱水）deforest砍伐森林（de+forest森林→去掉森林）devalue降低价值（de+value价值→去掉价值）depress压制，压抑（de+press压→向下压→压制）decode破译（de+code密码→去掉密码）defame诽谤，中伤（de+fame名声→名声变坏→诽谤）1,BeforeIdotheexperiment,theproblem______meWhetherIshouldturntoBobforhelpbecausehemadesomeexperimentalmistakes,nearlyleadingtoafirelasttime.状(元桥P114）Aovercame BdefeatedCremoved Dconquered,exposevt.暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临ex- 表示"出，出去“expose暴露（ex+pose放→放出去→暴露）exclude排外（ex+clude关闭→关出去→排外）exhale呼气（ex+hale气→出气→呼气）(1)exposesth./sb./oneself(to...)显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己(2)exposedadj.(指地方)无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的beexposedto暴露于⋯⋯1,---whyareyousoangrywithme?----You areacually______yourlittleboytopossibledangersbylettinghimplayfootballinthestreet.Adevoting BrelatingCapplying Dexposing2,Wewantto______thekidsA causeCexpose

toasmuchartandcultureaspossible.BattachDlink (状元桥P114）_____________________暴(露于阳光下）fortoolongwilldoharmtoyourskin.(expose)______________________暴(露于阳光下）fortoolong,hisskingotburnt.(expose)attendvt.出席，照顾，护理，参加(1)attendameeting参加会议attendschool/class上学/上课attendalecture/amovie听演讲/看电影attendto处理；注意倾听，专心于；照料(2)attendancen．出席，到场；出席人数Exercise:Imaybelate—Ihavegotoneortwothingsto________________要(处理)．attend，join，takepartin/participatein(1)attend一般指参加会议、婚礼等；也可指上学、听报告等。Mr.Wangattendedourclassmeeting.王老师参加了我们的班会。(2)join通常指加入某个组织，成为其中的一员；或用于句型joinsb.indoingsth.表示参与某项正在进行的活动。HejoinedthePartyin1950.他在1950年入了党。(成为一名党员)(3)takepartin/participatein常指参加一些群体性的、大型的、严肃的活动或体育活动。ShewasinvitedtotakepartinaTVdebate.她被邀请参加一场电视辩论。blamevt.责备；谴责；把⋯⋯归咎于n．过失；责备(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人头上betoblame(for)应受责备(2)get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...对⋯⋯负责lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上1,Thejudgelaidthe____fortheaccidentonthedriverofthecar.Awrong bblameCmistake dpunishment2.Itisyou,includingyourcousin,____________________应(受到责备）ofthegoldenchance.

fortheloss3.Neverbefore_________________hismistakes,butthistimeitisveryserious.之前我从未因他的错误而责备他，但这次错误太严重了。absorbvt.吸引，吸收，使专心于ab-,abs-表示"相反，变坏，离去”absorb吸收（ab+sorb吸收→吸收掉）abnormal反常的（ab+normal正常的→反常的）abuse滥用（ab+use用→用坏→滥用）absent缺席的（ab+sent出现→没有出现→缺席的）abstract抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract拉→拉开→抽象的心不在焉）(1)beabsorbedindoingsth专.心做某事beburied/occupied/caught/trapped/o...把⋯⋯吸收进⋯⋯(2)absorbedadj.全神贯注的，一心一意的absorbentadj.可吸收的，容易被吸收的Exercise:_______________________专(心于他的工作）,hedidn’noticeIwascoming.（absorb)contributevt.&vi.捐款；贡献；捐助Con-前缀表示全部contribute(con-tribute贡金,贡物→贡献）conclude结束；总结(con+clude关闭→全部关闭→结束)confirm坚定；证实(con+firm坚定)condense凝结；浓缩(con+dense浓密的)consolidate巩固，加强(con+solid坚固+ate→巩固，加强）Conflict冲突（con+flict打→一起打斗→冲突）(1)contribute...to...把⋯⋯贡献给⋯⋯contributeto...导致⋯⋯；向⋯⋯投稿；有助于⋯⋯(2)contributionn．贡献；捐款；稿件makeacontributionto（介词)对⋯⋯作出贡献makeachievementstoBrestoredDcured治愈某人的疾病；矫正某人的不良行为治疗⋯⋯的方法；对策thedoctorhas______thepaininmyshoulder.IcandoeverythingProperrestandenoughsleep_______togoodhealth.Aappeal B applyCcontribute Daccustom2.Many people contributed money to the

poor

boy

，which__________________________________(contribute)许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱 ,使他重新回到了校园．curen．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗；解决Cureapatient/adisease治愈病人、疾病curesb.ofacureforsth.1,Itisluckythatnow.AendedC prevented辨析 cure/treat/heal/recover(1)cure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于用药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。Thatpillcuredmyheadache那.药治好了我的头疼。(2)treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。(3)heal意为“治愈(伤口);医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的患部，使伤口愈合，不用于治疗感冒等疾病。Thewoundonmyarmhashealed我.胳膊上的伤已治好了。(4)recover意为“痊愈；复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈，常与 from连用。He'snowfullyrecoveredfromhisbadcold.他现在已从重感冒完全康复了。putforward提出（comeup)，建议；推荐；将⋯⋯提前(状元桥P115）putaside节省，储蓄，储存putaway放好，积蓄putback放回，拨回putdown记下，镇压putin放入，加进putoff延期，推迟(delay)Put on穿上，上演Putout扑灭，熄灭，出版Putup 举起，张贴，公布，搭建，挂起Putupwith=stand/bear/tolerate忍受putthrough接通电话1.---Whyishefeelingdowntoday?---Becausethesuggestionhe_____hasbeenturneddown.AputoutCputdown

BputoffDputforward2.Thecitizensexpectsomenewplans_____________________提(出）bythelocalauthoritiestosolvetheproblemsoftrafficjam.(put)第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该题涂黑。Italwaysseemsthathavingtraditionsisagoodthing.Theycreate41thatwilllastalifetime.Sowhenourchildren,DavidandDarla,werepreschoolerswestartedafamilyChristmas42.Itwasourtree-trimming(装饰)partyanditwouldbecompletewitheggnog(蛋奶酒)andpfeffernüssecookies.Thekidswere43aswepulledthefreshly-cuttreeintothehouse.Itsmelledsogood.WewouldturnontheChristmas44andthetreetrimmingwouldbegin.Ourheartsseemedto45totherhythmoftheChristmassongs.Thekids’eyestwinkledwithexcitement.Itwasaheartwarming46.Whenfinished,wewouldsitenjoyingtheeggnogandpfeffernüssecookies.Yearslater,whenmydaughter,Darla,washomefromcollege,she47tohelptrimthetree.Iwasso48.Beforewe49it,thetreetrimmingwasfinished.Itwasabeautifultreeandits50smellfilledtheroom.Aswehaddoneeveryyearbefore,Ibroughtouttheeggnogandthepfeffernüssecookiesforourtraditional51.Then,amidstthelaughter,Darlasuddenlygotvery52andsaidshehadsomethingtotellme.Fromher53andbodylanguage,Iknewshewas54it.Shesatdownnexttome.Thenvery55andcaringly,Darlalookedatmeintheeyeandsaid,“Mom,I’56velikedpfeffernüssecookies.”ThenIrealizedtheabsoluteimportanceofwhatshehadjustsaid.Whydidn’tsheevertellme?Inallthosechildhoodyears,ratherthan57Mom’sfeelingsandspoilMom’stradition,shehadenduredthecookies58.Fromachild’sheart,yearafteryearafteryearshehadgivenmethegiftof59!Mydaughtertaughtmeaveryimportantlessoninlife:Thebest60aren’talwaysfoundundertheChristmastree.41.A.wondersB.situationsC.memoriesD.interests42.A.partyB.meetingC.habitD.tradition43.A.excitedB.curiousC.helpfulD.naughty44.A.lightsB.songsC.channelsD.programmes45.A.appealB.speakC.talkD.dance46.A.mealB.greetingC.eveningD.end47.A.offeredB.refusedC.neededD.remembered48.A.apologeticB.regretfulC.puzzledD.grateful49.A.cutB.knewC.recalledD.asked50.A.strangeB.commonC.pleasantD.unusual51.A.dinnerB.solutionC.behaviorD.celebration52.A.annoyedB.inspiredC.seriousD.impolite53.A.hesitationB.relaxationC.confidenceD.attention54.A.expectingB.fearingC.makingD.discovering55.A.urgentlyB.patientlyC.humorouslyD.gently56.A.everB.yetC.neverD.really57.A.careB.hurtC.readD.express58.A.silentlyB.painfullyC.graduallyD.unfairly59.A.lifeB.sightC.loveD.forgiveness60.A.cookiesB.relativesC.storiesD.gifts第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Mydearhusband,Iamsendingyouthisletterbye-mailsothatyouwillbesuretoreadit.Pleaseforgiveusforleaving,butIthinkyoushouldknow61hashappenedathomesinceyourcomputerenteredourlivestwoyearsago.Youjustspendalldayplayinggamesor62(chat)online.Afterall,boththekidsandIneedanormallifesowechosetoleave.Thechildrenaredoingwell.Tommyissevennowandheisabrightandhandsomeboy.Hehasdeveloped63greatinterestinarts.Youshouldbeveryproud64him.LittleJenniferturnedfiveinSeptember.65isanattractivechildandquitesmart.Shestillrememberstheday66youspentthewholeafternoonwithusonherbirthday.Nowwe67(take)atripandIhavetodothepacking.Ihavehiredahousekeepertotakecareofthingswhileweareaway.Ibelieveshecanputthings68order,fillyourcoffeecupandbringyourmealstoyourdesk,justthewayyoulikeit.Ihopeyouandthecomputerwillhavea69(love)timewhilewearenotathome.Tommy,JenniferandIwillmissyouoften.Trytorememberuswhileyourcomputerisbooting,orcallmeoncondition70youthinkwearemoreimportantthanthecomputer.Love,Yourwife第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错