英语论文范文

经典word整理文档，仅参考，双击此处可删除页眉页脚。本资料属于网络整理，如有侵权，请联系删除，谢谢！NoticinginSLARoman加粗居中顶页眉）空一行)Abstract:Thisarticlefocusesontheroleof“noticing”and“noticingthegap”insecondlanguageacquisition.Itisarguedthatthisnotionhasgainedwidesupportonthebasisofintuitionandassumptionratherthanonthefindingsofappropriateandexhaustiveempiricalresearch.Theaimofthispaperistwofold:a)toconsiderthetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing,andb)toassessthevalidityoftheassumptionthatnoticingenhanceslanguageacquisition.Thispaperconcludesthat1)empiricalresearchhasyettovalidatetheroleofnoticinginlanguageacquisition,2)analternativeviewofferedbyTruscott(1998),whichsuggeststhatnoticingismerelytiedtotheacquisitionofmetalinguisticknowledge,isworthyofinvestigation,and3)futureresearchintotherelationshipbetweentraininglearnerstonoticelinguisticformsandtheacquisitionofmetalinguisticknowledgemayenhanceourunderstandingofnoticinginsecondlanguageacquisition.空一行)Keywords:noticing;metalinguisticknowledge;linguisticforms（空三行)二语习得中的注意（小二号宋体加粗居中）（五号）（空一行）（五号）iContents1.Introduction.............................................................................................................................I2.Thetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing...................................................I2.1Consciousnessraisingandnoticing...................................................................................I2.2Noticingandlanguageacquisition.....................................................................................I3.Influencesonnoticing.............................................................................................................I3.1Taskdemands....................................................................................................................II3.2Frequency..........................................................................................................................II3.3Perceptualsalience.................................................................................................................................II4.Conclusion.............................................................................................................................IIReferences...............................................................................................................................iiiAcknowledgments..........................................................................................................................................iv（目录用电脑自动生成的格式，把行距改成1.5倍行距二级标题与第一级标题首字母对应三级标题与第二级标题首字母对应不设置四级标题）iiNoticinginSLA（空一行）1.IntroductionThesignificanceoftheroleofconsciousandunconsciousprocessesandthenotionofinterfaceinsecondlanguage(L2)developmenthasbeenthefocusofmuchdebateinthegeneralfieldofcognitivepsychology.OneproposalisthatputforwardbyBurka(1996),whooffersahypothesisrelatedtoconsciouslearningthatfocusesonwhatSkehanarguesisthecrucialconceptofnoticing”(Deleuze,1986，p.48)（，p用小写）.Thepurposeofthispaperistoa)considerthetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing,andb)assessthevalidityoftheassumptionthatnoticingenhanceslanguageacquisition.[）2.Thetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing2.1ConsciousnessraisingandnoticingThetermconsciousnessraising”referstothedrawingoflearners'attentiontotheformalpropertiesoflanguage(FeeandFox.,1988).However,akeydifferencebetweennoticingandconsciousnessraisingisthatnoticinghassupposedimplicationsforlanguageprocessingandtheactualacquisitionoflinguisticfeatures.42.2NoticingandlanguageacquisitionGeertz(1973)identifiesthreeaspectsofconsciousnessinvolvedinlanguagelearning:awareness,intentionandknowledge.Johnstone(1993)statesthata)whetheralearnerdeliberatelyattendstoalinguisticformintheinputoritisnoticedpurelyunintentionally,ifitisnoticeditbecomesintake.TohelpclarifyshypothesisandtheplaceofnoticinginL2acquisitionthefollowingmodel,proposedbyEllis,isuseful.)行3.InfluencesonnoticingJones(1978),inharmonywithSchmidt'sdiscussionofmemoryprocessingabove,commentsthatitisinsideshort-termmemorythatnoticingmustinrealitytakeplace,sincethespotlightconsciousness”(Magistrale,1992,p.142)providedbyshort-termmemoryisitriggeredbydifferentinfluencesonnoticing.Schmidt(1990)claimsthatthefollowingfactorsinfluencenoticingintheinput:3.1TaskdemandsInstructionprovidesstructured,differentiatedinputthatassistsnoticingbyfocusingattentiononandenhancingawarenessoflanguagefeatures(PikarskyandChristensen,1976).3.2FrequencyAlanguagefeaturemaybecomefrequentduetorepeatedinstructionorbywayofteachertalk.Assuch,whentheitemdoesappearmorefrequentlyintheinput,thelikelihood3.3PerceptualsalienceThemoreprominentalanguageformatinput,thegreaterthechanceitwillbenoticed(Skehan,1998).Itstandstoreason,therefore,thatthelesssalientaform,thelesslikelyitisto一级标题与一级标题之间空一行，一级标题和二、三级标题之间都不空行)4.ConclusionItcanbeseenthattherearevariousviewsregardingtheroleofconsciousandunconsciousprocessesinL2acquisition.AnimportantcontributiontothisdebatehasbeenSchmidt's“noticinghypothtsclaimsabouthowinputbecomesintake,andthisii（References四号居中加粗顶页眉）空一行)Burka,LaurenP.AHypertextHistoryofMulti-UserDimensions.RetrievedAugust18,2009,from/talent/lpb/muddex/essay..Deleuze,Giles.Foucault.(SeanHand,Trans.&Ed.).Minneapolis:UMP,1986.Fee,Elizabeth&DanielM.Fox.(Eds.).AIDS:TheBurdensofHistory.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1988.Geertz,Clifford.TheInterpretationof.NewYork:BasicBooks.1973.Johnstone,Sue.FeminismandPornography:PolicingtheBoundarybetweenArtandPopularCulture.DoctoralDissertation.RutgersUniversity,NewJersey,1993.Jones,James.Daydreaming.InLorenceSmith(Ed.),Fictions.NewYork:YaleUP,1978:127-35.Magistrale,Tony.WildChild:JimMorrisonPoeticJourneys.JournalofPopularCulture,1992,3:133-44.Pikarsky,M.&Christensen,D.UrbanTransportationPolicyandManagement.Boston:D.C.Heath,1976...,..:,1.1.5,,2）如：(Magistrale,1992,p.142)(Pikarsky&Christensen,1976))iiiAcknowledgments)空一行)IwouldliketothankmysupervisorBBBBforherinvaluableguidance,enthusiasmandsupportthroughoutthecourseofthiswork.IamalsoverygratefultoCCCCforhishelpfulcommentsandinsightfulsuggestionsduringtheresearchandwritingofthisthesis.IwouldalsoliketothankDDDDfortakingthetimetobemyexternalexaminer.Manyotherpeoplehavehelpedandcontributedtheirtimetotheresearchofthisthesis.MythankstoEEEE,andFFFFfortheirinvaluablecommentsandsuggestions.IwouldalsoliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmygratitudetowardeveryoneintheEnglishDepartmentofAAAUniversity,especiallyGGGG,HHHH,fortheirvaluablesuggestionsandhelpinthesetwoyearsofstudyaswellastheirfriendship.ThankstoalltheotherfriendsIhavemadeatAAAUniversityformakingmystayatAAAanenjoyableperiodoftime.Iwillalwaysbeindebtedtomyfamily,especiallymyparentsIIIIandJJJJ.Iwouldliketothankthemfortheirsupportandconfidenceinme.Mygratitudegoestoeveryoneathome.Thisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutalltheirkindnessandencouragement.(注意:,如果仿写,字体部分).ivNoticinginSLARoman加粗居中顶页眉）空一行)Abstract:Thisarticlefocusesontheroleof“noticing”and“noticingthegap”insecondlanguageacquisition.Itisarguedthatthisnotionhasgainedwidesupportonthebasisofintuitionandassumptionratherthanonthefindingsofappropriateandexhaustiveempiricalresearch.Theaimofthispaperistwofold:a)toconsiderthetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing,andb)toassessthevalidityoftheassumptionthatnoticingenhanceslanguageacquisition.Thispaperconcludesthat1)empiricalresearchhasyettovalidatetheroleofnoticinginlanguageacquisition,2)analternativeviewofferedbyTruscott(1998),whichsuggeststhatnoticingismerelytiedtotheacquisitionofmetalinguisticknowledge,isworthyofinvestigation,and3)futureresearchintotherelationshipbetweentraininglearnerstonoticelinguisticformsandtheacquisitionofmetalinguisticknowledgemayenhanceourunderstandingofnoticinginsecondlanguageacquisition.空一行)Keywords:noticing;metalinguisticknowledge;linguisticforms（空三行)二语习得中的注意（小二号宋体加粗居中）（五号）（空一行）v（五号）viContents1.Introduction.............................................................................................................................I2.Thetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing...................................................I2.1Consciousnessraisingandnoticing...................................................................................I2.2Noticingandlanguageacquisition.....................................................................................I3.Influencesonnoticing.............................................................................................................I3.1Taskdemands....................................................................................................................II3.2Frequency..........................................................................................................................II3.3Perceptualsalience.................................................................................................................................II4.Conclusion.............................................................................................................................IIReferences...............................................................................................................................iiiAcknowledgments..........................................................................................................................................iv（目录用电脑自动生成的格式，把行距改成1.5倍行距二级标题与第一级标题首字母对应三级标题与第二级标题首字母对应不设置四级标题）viiNoticinginSLA（空一行）1.IntroductionThesignificanceoftheroleofconsciousandunconsciousprocessesandthenotionofinterfaceinsecondlanguage(L2)developmenthasbeenthefocusofmuchdebateinthegeneralfieldofcognitivepsychology.OneproposalisthatputforwardbyBurka(1996),whooffersahypothesisrelatedtoconsciouslearningthatfocusesonwhatSkehanarguesis“thecrucialconceptofnoticing”(Deleuze,1986，p.48)（p，用小写）.Thepurposeofthispaperistoa)considerthetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing,andb)assessthevalidityoftheassumptionthatnoticingenhanceslanguageacquisition.[）2.Thetheoreticalconstructsthatunderlietheroleofnoticing2.1ConsciousnessraisingandnoticingTheterm“consciousnessraising”referstothedrawingoflearners'attentiontotheformalpropertiesoflanguage(FeeandFox.,1988).However,akeydifferencebetweennoticingandconsciousnessraisingisthatnoticinghassupposedimplicationsforlanguageprocessingandtheactualacquisitionoflinguisticfeatures.42.2NoticingandlanguageacquisitionGeertz(1973)identifiesthreeaspectsofconsciousnessinvolvedinlanguagelearning:awareness,intentionandknowledge.Johnstone(1993)statesthata)whetheralearnerdeliberatelyattendstoalinguisticformintheinputoritisnoticedpurelyunintentionally,ifitisnoticeditbecomesintake.TohelpclarifySchmidt’shypothesisandtheplaceofnoticinginL2acquisitionthefollowingmodel,proposedbyEllis,isuseful.)行3.InfluencesonnoticingJones(1978),inharmonywithSchmidt'sdiscussionofmemoryprocessingabove,commentsthatitisinsideshort-termmemorythatnoticingmustinrealitytakeplace,sincethe“spotlightconsciousness”(Magistrale,1992,p.142)providedbyshort-termmemoryis1triggeredbydifferentinfluencesonnoticing.Schmidt(1990)claimsthatthefollowingfactorsinfluencenoticingintheinput:3.1TaskdemandsInstructionprovidesstructured,differentiatedinputthatassistsnoticingbyfocusingattentiononandenhancingawarenessoflanguagefeatures(PikarskyandChristensen,1976).3.2FrequencyAlanguagefeaturemaybecomefrequentduetorepeatedinstructionorbywayofteachertalk.Assuch,whentheitemdoesappearmorefrequentlyintheinput,thelikelihood3.3PerceptualsalienceThemoreprominentalanguageformatinput,thegreaterthechanceitwillbenoticed(Skehan,1998).Itstandstoreason,therefore,thatthelesssalientaform,thelesslikelyitisto一级标题与一级标题之间空一行，一级标题和二、三级标题之间都不空行)4.ConclusionItcanbeseenthattherearevariousviewsregardingtheroleofconsciousandunconsciousprocessesinL2acquisition.AnimportantcontributiontothisdebatehasbeenSchmidt's“noticinghypothesis”anditsclaimsabouthowinputbecomesintake,and2（References四号居中加粗顶页眉）空一行)Burka,LaurenP.AHypertextHistoryofMulti-UserDimensions.RetrievedAugust18,2009,from/talent/lpb/muddex/essay..Deleuze,Giles.Foucault.(SeanHand,Trans.&Ed.).Minneapolis:UMP,1986.Fee,Elizabeth&DanielM.Fox.(Eds.).AIDS:TheBurdensofHistory.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1988.Geertz,Clifford.TheInterpretationof.NewYork:BasicBooks.1973.Johnstone,Sue.FeminismandPornography:PolicingtheBoundarybetweenArtandPopularCulture.DoctoralDissertation.RutgersUniversity,NewJersey,1993.Jones,James.