小学英语基础及语法知识超实用

小学英语基础及语法知识，超实用！第一局部：根底学问1.字母：26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.语音：元音的发音五个元音字母：AEIOU12个单元音：前元音：[i:][]/e/[]中元音：[:][]后元音：[ɑ:][][:][u:][][]双元音（8）Ⅰ.合口双元音（5）[ai][ei][au][u]Ⅱ.集中双元音（3）[i][ε][u]词汇：词汇量，近反义词其次局部：语法学问一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格(一)名词单复数一般状况，直接加-sbook-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-esbus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watchesy为i,再加strawberry-strawberries或fe”结尾，变f或fev,再加-es5.不规章名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不行数名词的复数就是原型：paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea(二)名词的格有生命的东西的名词全部格：’sLucy’srulermyfather’sshirtshisfriends’bags不以s’schildren’sshoesl并列名词中，假如把’s加在最终一个名词后，表示共有,如:TomandMike’scar汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车lTom’sandMike’scars表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of如:apictureoftheclassroomamapofChina二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词1种类：不定冠词：a/anaunit/an元音开头的可数名词前用an:anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/定冠词：thetheeggtheplane2.用法:定冠词的用法：特指某(些)人或某(些)物：Therulerisonthedesk.hasasweater.Thesweaterisnew.谈话双方都知道的人或物：Theboysatschool.(4John’sbirthdayisFebruarythesecond.(5)用于固定词组中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening不用冠词的状况：专出名词前：Chinaisabigcountry.名词前有定语：thisthatmyyoursome,anynoThisismybaseball.复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeyscantswim.Theyteachers.TodayisChristmasDay.Sunday.一日三餐前：Wehavebreakfastat6:30.球类棋类运动前：Theyoftenplayfootballafterclass.playschessathome.*但乐器前要用定冠词：Iplaytheguitarverywell.(7)学科名称前：Myfavoritesubjectismusic.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：ThisisMrLi.(9)固定词组中：atnoonatnightbybus三、代词、形容词、副词代词：人称代词，物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格第一人称单数I(我)memy复数we(我们)usour其次人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)复数you(你们)youyour第三人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)she(她)herherit(它)itits(它的)第三人称复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)形容词，副词：比拟级，级(一)、形容词的比拟级1、形容词比拟级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比拟用比拟级，比拟级后面一般带有单词than。比拟级前面可以用more,alittle来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。2.形容词加er的规章：⑴一般在词尾加er;⑵以字母e结尾，加r;再加er;y”结尾，先把yi，再加er3.不规章形容词比拟级：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful(二)副词的比拟级形容词与副词的区分(有bebe⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后副词比拟级的变化规章根本与形容词比拟级一样(不规章变化：well-better,far-farther)四、数词：基数词、序数词(1)1-20one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eighteen，nineteen，twenty(2)21-9923→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one(3)101—999an586→fivehundredandeighty-six，803→eighthundredand(4)l，000milliobillion1，001→onethousandandone18，423→eighteenthousand，fourhundredandtwenty-three6，260，309→sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandhundredandnine750，000，000，000→sevenhundredandfiftybillion序数词(1)一般在基数词后加theg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth(2)不规章变化one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加thtwenty→twentieth，forty→fortiethninety→ninetieth几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。twenty-first，twohundredandforty-fifth基数词转为序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.一，二，三，特别记，词尾字母八去t,九去e,veftyyi，the.若是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。五、介词：常用介词：in,on,at,behind1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(拂晓、午夜、中午)2.on1)表示详细日期。注：(1)关于“在周末“的几种表示法：at(on)theweekend在周末---特指at(on)weekends在周末---泛指overtheweekendduringtheweekend

在整个周末在圣诞节，应说atChristmas?而不说onChristmas?2)在(刚……)的时候。Onreachingthecityhecalleduphisparents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1)表示“时段“duringin(during)1988(Decembethe20thcentury)六、动词：动词的四种时态：(1)一般现在时：一般现在时的构成be+be(am,is,Iamaboy.一个男孩。WestudyEnglish.们学习英语。(he,she,it“。如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜爱汉语。动词+s的变化规章s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.owatch-watches,go-goesy”结尾，变yi,再加-es(2动词过去式详解动词的过去式的构成规章有：A、规章动词①一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如workedlearnedcleanedvisited②以e结尾的动词直接加d：如lived,danced,used③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study–studiedcarry–carriedworry–worried(留意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)④双写最终一个字母(此类动词较少)如stoppedB、不规章动词(此类词并无规章，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing–sang,eat–ate,see–saw,have–had,do–did,go–went,take–took,buy–bought,get–got,read–read,fly–flew,am/is–was,are–were,say–said,leave–left,swim–swam,tell–told,draw–drew,come–came,lose–lost,find–found,drink–drank,hurt–hurt,feel–felt根本构造：①begoingto+do;②will+do.begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrowIwillgoswimmingtomorrow.am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解动词的ing形式的构成规章：①一般的直接在后面加上ing,如doing,going,working,singing,eating②以e结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having,writing③双写最终一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running,swimming,sitting,getting第三局部：句法1.陈述句astudent.Sheisadoctor.Heworksinahospital.Therearefourfansinourclassroom.Hewilleatlunchat12:00.IwatchedTVyesterdayevening.否认句：含有否认词或表示否认意义词的句子，如：I’mnotstudent.Sheisnot(isn’t)adoctor.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)workinahospital.Therearenott)fourfansinourclassroom.Hewillnoteatlunchat12:00.IdidnotwatchTVyesterdayevening.疑问句ye来答复。(what,where,who,which,whenwhosewhyhowno”来答复。TherebeTherebe句型与have,has的区分1、Th