自考英美文学选读必考重点第二讲英美文学的发展脉络课件

第二讲英美文学的发展脉络第二讲英美文学的发展脉络TheRenaissancePeriod1)Itmarksatransitionfrom_____tothe____world.2)Itreferstotheperiodbetween____and_____.3)a)revivalorrediscoveryofancientGreekandRomanculture;b)introductionofHumansim;c)newideasprosandconsintheinterestoftherisingbourgeoisie;d)thedevelopmentofearlyscience;e)thereligiousReformationorreligiousstruggleinthefolklife;f）theshapingofnationalism.TheRenaissancePeriod1)ItmarHumanisma)Emphasisofmanandindividual,manisthemeasureofallthings;b)HumaniststrytoexalthumannatureandregardhumanbeingsasgloriouscreaturescapableofIndividualdevelopmenttowardperfectionwithlifetoquestion,exploreandenjoy;c)Emphasisofhumanvalues,dignity,ambitionsandthepresentliferatherthantheafterlife.HumanismTheAchievementoftheElizabethanDrama1)ItistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.ItisnotuntiltheElizabethanage,undertheinfluenceoftheRenaissance,thatdramawasdevelopedintoamatureartform.Andgreatdramatistslike____,_____,_____appearedonthestage;2)Byimitatingtheromances,embracingthemysteriesofGermanlegend,andcombingthepoeticfancywiththefactsofdailylife,theymadeavividdepictionofthesharpconflictsbetweenfeudalismandtherisingbourgeoisie;3)Thedrama,with_____asthemaster,standsoutasamonumentoftheRenaissance,whichisunrivaledforpurecreativepowerbyanyotherproductofthatepoch.TheAchievementoftheElizabeRepresentatives:Chaucer:_______Spenser:____________Marlowe：____________Shakespeare:__________Bacon:_______JohnDonne:________JohnMilton:_______Representatives:TheNeoclassicalPeriodStartsfrom_____to_____.The18thcenturyEnglandisalsoknownastheageof______ortheageof_____.Howtodefine1．TheEnlightenmentMovement2.Neoclassicism3.theRealisticNovelWhatistheliterarycharacteristicsofNeoclassicism?TheNeoclassicalPeriodStartsNeoclassicism1)Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreek&Romanwriters&thoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.Theartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotion&accuracy,&thatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Seekproportion,unity,harmony&graceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodelight,instruct&correcthumanbeings,primarilyassocialanimals.Thus,apolite,urbane,witty,&intellectualartdeveloped.Neoclassicism1)ArevivalofiTheEnlightenmentMovement

1)The18th-centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.2)AprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFrance&sweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.3)ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15th&16thcenturies.4)Toenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodemphilosophical&artisticideas.5)celebratingreasonorrationality,equality&science.6)FamousamongthegreatenlightenersinEnglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeJohnDryden,Alexanderpope&soon.TheEnlightenmentMovement

1)theRealisticNovelAnewlyrisingliteraryformcontrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,GivesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.IsanaturalproductoftheIndustrialRevolutionAmongthepioneerswereDanielDefoe,SamuelRichardson,HenryFielding,LaurenceSterne,TobiasCreorgeSmollott,&OliverGoldsmith.theRealisticNovelAnewlyrisWhatistheliterarycharacteristicsofNeoclassicism?

1)AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreek&RomanwritersandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.2)Neoclassicistshadsomefixedlaws&rulesforalmosteverygenreofliterature,proseshouldbeprecise,direct,smooth&flexible.Poetryshouldbelyrical,epical,didactic,satiricordramatic,&eachclassshouldbeguidedbyitsownprinciples.3)DramashouldbewrittenintheHeroicCouplets(iambicpentameterrhymedintwolines);thethreeunitiesoftime,space&actionshouldbestrictlyobserved;regularityinconstructionshouldbeadheredto&typecharactersratherthanindividualsshouldberepresented.WhatistheliterarycharacterRepresentatives:JohnBunyan:________Pope:_________Defoe:_______Swift:______Fielding:______Johnson:______Sheridan:______Gray:_____Representatives:TheRomanticPeriod1.EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin____withthepublicationofof____andtohaveendedin____.2.Culturalbackground：TheideasofRousseau;B.Theliterarysources:TheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditionsthatcamewithindustrializationandthegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.

TheRomanticPeriod1.EnglishC.Theliteraryviews:(1)arebellionagainstneo-classicism(2)expressonimagination(3)prioritiesbeengiventopassion,emotionandfeeling(4)beingclosetonatureforitspuritywhilethesocietyiscorrupting(5)tremendousinterestinsomethingremoteintermofspaceandtime(6)supremacyoffreedom

C.Theliteraryviews:3.Literaryforms:A.Poetry

A).TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.

3.Literaryforms:B).Theoryofpoetrya.Theyexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.b.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy,thebelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsoulsandthesociety.

B).Theoryofpoetryc.Thenaturalworldcomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.d.Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic.

c.ThenaturalworldcomestoB.Prose

TheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.Coleridge,Hazlitt,Lamb,andDeQuinceyweretheleadingfigures.

B.ProseC.Novel

A).Austenisofthe18th-centuryinhermoraloutlook.Herviewoflifeisatotallyrealisticone.Themajorthemeofhernovelsisloveandmarriage.

B).WalterScottisthemostpopularnovelistofhisday.Waverley,OldMartality,TheHeartofMidlothian,RobRoy,andIvanhoeareamongthemostpopularonesofhisnovels.Heisthefirstmajorhistoricalnovelist.

C.Novel

A).AustenisoftheC).Gothicnovel:

a.Nature:

Gothicnovel,atypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelateeighteenthcentury,wasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement.

b.Subjectmatters:

Itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror,andthesupernatural.

c.Works:

WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolphobyAnnRadcliffeandFrankensteinbyMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.

C).Gothicnovel:

a.Nature:

GD.Drama

Shelley’sPrometheusUnboundandTheCenci,Byron’sManfredandColeridge’sRemorsearegenerallyregardedasthebestverseplaysduringthisperiod.

D.Drama

Shelley’sPrometheusHowisRomanticismdifferentfromNeoclassicism?a.Neoclassicistsupheldthatartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliterature,shouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity,andthus,literaryexpressionsshouldbeofproportion,unity,harmonyandgrace.b.Romanticismtendedtoseetheindividualastheverycenterofallexperience,includingart,andthus,literaryworkshouldbe“spontaneousoverflowofstrongoffeeling”thevalueoftheworklinkliedintheaccuracyofpresentingthoseuniquefeelingsandparticularaltitude.c.Inaword,NeoclassicismemphasizedrationalityandformbutRomanticismattachedgreatimportancetotheindividual’smind(emotion,imagination,temporaryexperience……….)HowisRomanticismdifferentfRepresentatives:WilliamBlake:________WilliamWordsworth:_________Coleridge:_______Byron:______Shelley:______Keats:______Austen:______Representatives:TheVictorianPeriod1.TheVictorianPeriodroughlycoincideswiththereignofQueenVictorianfrom1836to1901,themostgloriousintheEnglishhistory.2.Towardsthemid-19thcentury,Englandhadreacheditshighlypointofdevelopmentasaworldpower.3.Darwin’sTheoriginofspeciesandTheDescentofManshooktheoreticalbasicoftraditionalfaith.4.FamousnovelistslikeCharlesDickens,WilliamMakepeaceThackery,CharlotteBronte,EmilyBronte,Mrs.GaskellandAnthonyTrollope.TheVictorianPeriod1.TheVicWhatarethecharacteristicsofVictorianliterature?Asaproductofitsage,itnaturallytookonitsqualityofmagnitudeanddiversity.Itwasmany-sidedandcomplex,andreflectedromanticallyandrealisticallythegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeople’slifeandthought.Victorianliteraturehasthehigh-spirtedvitality,thedown-to-earthearnestness,thegood-naturedhumorandunboundedimaginationareallunprecedented.WhatarethecharacteristicsoWhatwerethecommonthingssharedbythenovelistsofVictorianPeriod?Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques,thenovelistsofthisagesharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhumansocialinstitutiions,thedecayingsocialmorality.Whatwerethecommonthingssh

WhatweretheliterarycharacteristicsofEnglishcriticalrealism?Englishcriticalrealismofthe19thcentury,flourishedinthefortiesandintheearlyfifties;ThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandartisticskillthechieftraitoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint;Therealistsnotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltheruiningclasses,butalsoshowedprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople.HumorandsatireaboundintheEnglishrealisticnovelsofthe19thcentury.Thecriticalrealistsdidnot,duetotheirworldoutlook,andcouldnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.WhatweretheliterarycharacRepresentatives:Dickens:_______TheBronteSisters:_________Tennyson:_______RobertBrowning:______GeorgeEliot:______ThomasHardy:______

Representatives:TheModernPeriodThesocial,ideologicalbackgroundoftheModernEnglishLiterature:TheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature;Ideologically,theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.So,aftertheFirstWorldWar,allkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernismappeared.AftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat"theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony."

TheModernPeriodThesocial,i2.WhatisModernism?A)Modernismwasacomplexanddiverseinternationalmovementinallcreativearts,originatingabouttheendofthe19thcentury;B)Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism;C)Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase;D)Modernismis,inmanyaspects,areactionagainstrealism.

2.WhatisModernism?WhatarethebasiccharacteristicsofModernisminliterature?

Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase.OnecharacteristicofEnglishModernismis"thedehumanizationofart".Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipsbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.Themodernistwritersconcentratemoreontheprivatethanonthepublic,moreonthesubjectivethanontheobjective.Theyaremainlyconcernedwiththeinnerbeingofanindividual.Intheirwritings,thepast,thepresentandthefuturearemingledtogetherandexistatthesametimeintheconsciousnessofanindividual.

WhatarethebasiccharacterisWhydowesayModernismisareactionagainstRealism?Modernismis,inmanyaspects,areactionagainstrealism.Itrejectsrationalism,whichisthetheoreticalbaseofrealism.A)Itexcludesfromitsmajorconcerntheexternal,objective,materialworld,whichistheonlycreativesourceofrealism;B)Byadvocatingafreeexperimentationonnewformsandnewtechniquesinliterarycreation,itcastsawayalmostallthetraditionalelementsinliteraturesuchasstory,plot,character,chronologicalnarration,etc.,whichareessentialtorealism.Asaresult,theworkscreatedbythemodernistwritersareoftenlabeledasanti-novel,anti-poetryandanti-drama.

WhydowesayModernismisarHowdoyoudefineModernEnglishPoetry?The20thcenturyhaswitnessedagreatachievementinEnglishpoetry.A.Intheearlyyears,thepoemsofPoundandEliotandYeatsmarkedtheriseof“ModernPoetry”,whichwasarevolutionagainsttheconventionalideasandformsoftheVictorianpoetry;B.Withthecomingofthe1950s,therewasareturnofrealisticpoetryagain,advocatingreason,moraldisciplineandtraditionalforms.HowdoyoudefineModernEngliHowdoyoudefineModernEnglishnovels?Thefirstthreedecadesof20thcenturyweregoldenyearsofthemodernistnovel.Instimulatingthetechnicalinnovationsofnovelcreation,thetheoryoftheFreudianandJungianpsycho-analysisplayedaparticularlyimportantrole.Oneoftheremarkablefeaturesoftheirwritingswastheircontinuousexperimentationonnewandsophisticatedtechniquesinnovelwriting,whichmadetremendousimpactsonthecreationofbothrealisticandmodernistnovelsinthiscentury.Modernistnovelscametoadeclineinthe1930s,AftertheSecondWorldWar,modernismhadanotherupsurgewiththeriseofexistentialismwhichwasreflectedmainlyindrama.

HowdoyoudefineModernEngliThedevelopmentof20thcenturyEnglishdrama.A.Themostcelebrateddramatistsinthelastdecadeofthe19thcenturywereOscarWildeandGeorgeBernardShaw,who,inasense,pioneeredthemoderndrama,thoughtheydidnotmakesomanyinnovationsintechniquesandformsasmodernistpoetsornovelists.B.The1930switnessedarevivalofpoeticdramainEngland.OneoftheearlyexperimenterswasT.S.Eliotwhoregardeddramaasthebestmediumofpoetry.C.TheEnglishdramaticrevolution,whichcameinthe1950sundervariousEuropeanandAmericaninfluences,developedintwodirections:theworking-classdramaandtheTheaterofAbsurd.

Thedevelopmentof20thcenturRepresentatives:BernardShaw:_______Galsworthy:_________Yeats:_______T.S.Eliot:______Lawrence:______JamesJoyce:______

Representatives:第二讲英美文学的发展脉络第二讲英美文学的发展脉络TheRenaissancePeriod1)Itmarksatransitionfrom_____tothe____world.2)Itreferstotheperiodbetween____and_____.3)a)revivalorrediscoveryofancientGreekandRomanculture;b)introductionofHumansim;c)newideasprosandconsintheinterestoftherisingbourgeoisie;d)thedevelopmentofearlyscience;e)thereligiousReformationorreligiousstruggleinthefolklife;f）theshapingofnationalism.TheRenaissancePeriod1)ItmarHumanisma)Emphasisofmanandindividual,manisthemeasureofallthings;b)HumaniststrytoexalthumannatureandregardhumanbeingsasgloriouscreaturescapableofIndividualdevelopmenttowardperfectionwithlifetoquestion,exploreandenjoy;c)Emphasisofhumanvalues,dignity,ambitionsandthepresentliferatherthantheafterlife.HumanismTheAchievementoftheElizabethanDrama1)ItistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.ItisnotuntiltheElizabethanage,undertheinfluenceoftheRenaissance,thatdramawasdevelopedintoamatureartform.Andgreatdramatistslike____,_____,_____appearedonthestage;2)Byimitatingtheromances,embracingthemysteriesofGermanlegend,andcombingthepoeticfancywiththefactsofdailylife,theymadeavividdepictionofthesharpconflictsbetweenfeudalismandtherisingbourgeoisie;3)Thedrama,with_____asthemaster,standsoutasamonumentoftheRenaissance,whichisunrivaledforpurecreativepowerbyanyotherproductofthatepoch.TheAchievementoftheElizabeRepresentatives:Chaucer:_______Spenser:____________Marlowe：____________Shakespeare:__________Bacon:_______JohnDonne:________JohnMilton:_______Representatives:TheNeoclassicalPeriodStartsfrom_____to_____.The18thcenturyEnglandisalsoknownastheageof______ortheageof_____.Howtodefine1．TheEnlightenmentMovement2.Neoclassicism3.theRealisticNovelWhatistheliterarycharacteristicsofNeoclassicism?TheNeoclassicalPeriodStartsNeoclassicism1)Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks.AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreek&Romanwriters&thoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.Theartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotion&accuracy,&thatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity.Seekproportion,unity,harmony&graceinliteraryexpressions,inanefforttodelight,instruct&correcthumanbeings,primarilyassocialanimals.Thus,apolite,urbane,witty,&intellectualartdeveloped.Neoclassicism1)ArevivalofiTheEnlightenmentMovement

1)The18th-centuryEnglandisknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeofReason.2)AprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFrance&sweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.3)ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15th&16thcenturies.4)Toenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodemphilosophical&artisticideas.5)celebratingreasonorrationality,equality&science.6)FamousamongthegreatenlightenersinEnglandwerethosegreatwriterslikeJohnDryden,Alexanderpope&soon.TheEnlightenmentMovement

1)theRealisticNovelAnewlyrisingliteraryformcontrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,GivesarealisticpresentationoflifeofthecommonEnglishpeople.IsanaturalproductoftheIndustrialRevolutionAmongthepioneerswereDanielDefoe,SamuelRichardson,HenryFielding,LaurenceSterne,TobiasCreorgeSmollott,&OliverGoldsmith.theRealisticNovelAnewlyrisWhatistheliterarycharacteristicsofNeoclassicism?

1)AllformsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalworksoftheancientGreek&RomanwritersandthoseofthecontemporaryFrenchones.2)Neoclassicistshadsomefixedlaws&rulesforalmosteverygenreofliterature,proseshouldbeprecise,direct,smooth&flexible.Poetryshouldbelyrical,epical,didactic,satiricordramatic,&eachclassshouldbeguidedbyitsownprinciples.3)DramashouldbewrittenintheHeroicCouplets(iambicpentameterrhymedintwolines);thethreeunitiesoftime,space&actionshouldbestrictlyobserved;regularityinconstructionshouldbeadheredto&typecharactersratherthanindividualsshouldberepresented.WhatistheliterarycharacterRepresentatives:JohnBunyan:________Pope:_________Defoe:_______Swift:______Fielding:______Johnson:______Sheridan:______Gray:_____Representatives:TheRomanticPeriod1.EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin____withthepublicationofof____andtohaveendedin____.2.Culturalbackground：TheideasofRousseau;B.Theliterarysources:TheRomanticMovementexpressedamoreorlessnegativeattitudetowardtheexistingsocialandpoliticalconditionsthatcamewithindustrializationandthegrowingimportanceofthebourgeoisie.

TheRomanticPeriod1.EnglishC.Theliteraryviews:(1)arebellionagainstneo-classicism(2)expressonimagination(3)prioritiesbeengiventopassion,emotionandfeeling(4)beingclosetonatureforitspuritywhilethesocietyiscorrupting(5)tremendousinterestinsomethingremoteintermofspaceandtime(6)supremacyoffreedom

C.Theliteraryviews:3.Literaryforms:A.Poetry

A).TheRomanticperiodisanageofpoetry.Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,ShelleyandKeatsarethemajorRomanticpoets.Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.

3.Literaryforms:B).Theoryofpoetrya.Theyexplorednewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetrywriting.b.Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy,thebelievedthatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsoulsandthesociety.

B).Theoryofpoetryc.Thenaturalworldcomestotheforefrontofthepoeticimagination.Natureisnotonlythemajorsourceofpoeticimagery,butalsoprovidesthedominantsubjectmatter.d.Romanticsalsotendtobenationalistic.

c.ThenaturalworldcomestoB.Prose

TheRomanticperiodisalsoagreatageofprose.Coleridge,Hazlitt,Lamb,andDeQuinceyweretheleadingfigures.

B.ProseC.Novel

A).Austenisofthe18th-centuryinhermoraloutlook.Herviewoflifeisatotallyrealisticone.Themajorthemeofhernovelsisloveandmarriage.

B).WalterScottisthemostpopularnovelistofhisday.Waverley,OldMartality,TheHeartofMidlothian,RobRoy,andIvanhoeareamongthemostpopularonesofhisnovels.Heisthefirstmajorhistoricalnovelist.

C.Novel

A).AustenisoftheC).Gothicnovel:

a.Nature:

Gothicnovel,atypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelateeighteenthcentury,wasonephaseoftheRomanticmovement.

b.Subjectmatters:

Itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror,andthesupernatural.

c.Works:

WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolphobyAnnRadcliffeandFrankensteinbyMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.

C).Gothicnovel:

a.Nature:

GD.Drama

Shelley’sPrometheusUnboundandTheCenci,Byron’sManfredandColeridge’sRemorsearegenerallyregardedasthebestverseplaysduringthisperiod.

D.Drama

Shelley’sPrometheusHowisRomanticismdifferentfromNeoclassicism?a.Neoclassicistsupheldthatartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliterature,shouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity,andthus,literaryexpressionsshouldbeofproportion,unity,harmonyandgrace.b.Romanticismtendedtoseetheindividualastheverycenterofallexperience,includingart,andthus,literaryworkshouldbe“spontaneousoverflowofstrongoffeeling”thevalueoftheworklinkliedintheaccuracyofpresentingthoseuniquefeelingsandparticularaltitude.c.Inaword,NeoclassicismemphasizedrationalityandformbutRomanticismattachedgreatimportancetotheindividual’smind(emotion,imagination,temporaryexperience……….)HowisRomanticismdifferentfRepresentatives:WilliamBlake:________WilliamWordsworth:_________Coleridge:_______Byron:______Shelley:______Keats:______Austen:______Representatives:TheVictorianPeriod1.TheVictorianPeriodroughlycoincideswiththereignofQueenVictorianfrom1836to1901,themostgloriousintheEnglishhistory.2.Towardsthemid-19thcentury,Englandhadreacheditshighlypointofdevelopmentasaworldpower.3.Darwin’sTheoriginofspeciesandTheDescentofManshooktheoreticalbasicoftraditionalfaith.4.FamousnovelistslikeCharlesDickens,WilliamMakepeaceThackery,CharlotteBronte,EmilyBronte,Mrs.GaskellandAnthonyTrollope.TheVictorianPeriod1.TheVicWhatarethecharacteristicsofVictorianliterature?Asaproductofitsage,itnaturallytookonitsqualityofmagnitudeanddiversity.Itwasmany-sidedandcomplex,andreflectedromanticallyandrealisticallythegreatchangesthatweregoingoninpeople’slifeandthought.Victorianliteraturehasthehigh-spirtedvitality,thedown-to-earthearnestness,thegood-naturedhumorandunboundedimaginationareallunprecedented.WhatarethecharacteristicsoWhatwerethecommonthingssharedbythenovelistsofVictorianPeriod?Althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewandwithdifferenttechniques,thenovelistsofthisagesharedonethingincommon,thatis,theywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhumansocialinstitutiions,thedecayingsocialmorality.Whatwerethecommonthingssh

WhatweretheliterarycharacteristicsofEnglishcriticalrealism?Englishcriticalrealismofthe19thcentury,flourishedinthefortiesandintheearlyfifties;ThecriticalrealistsdescribedwithmuchvividnessandartisticskillthechieftraitoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint;Therealistsnotonlygaveasatiricalportrayalofthebourgeoisieandalltheruiningclasses,butalsoshowedprofoundsympathyforthecommonpeople.HumorandsatireaboundintheEnglishrealisticnovelsofthe19thcentury.Thecriticalrealistsdidnot,duetotheirworldoutlook,andcouldnotfindawaytoeradicatesocialevils.WhatweretheliterarycharacRepresentatives:Dickens:_______TheBronteSisters:_________Tennyson:_______RobertBrowning:______GeorgeEliot:______ThomasHardy:______

Representatives:TheModernPeriodThesocial,ideologicalbackgroundoftheModernEnglishLiterature:TheinfluencesofthetwoWorldWarsonEnglishliterature;Ideologically,theriseoftheirrationalphilosophyandnewsciencegreatlyincitedmodernwriterstomakenewexplorationsonhumannaturesandhumanrelationships.So,aftertheFirstWorldWar,allkindsofliterarytrendsofmodernismappeared.AftertheSecondWorldWar,avarietyofmodernism,orpost-modernism,likeexistentialistliterature,theateroftheabsurd,newnovelsandblackhumor,rosewiththespuroftheexistentialistideathat"theworldwasabsurd,andthehumanlifewasanagony."

TheModernPeriodThesocial,i2.WhatisModernism?A)Modernismwasacomplexanddiverseinternationalmovementinallcreativearts,originatingabouttheendofthe19thcentury;B)Modernismroseoutofskepticismanddisillusionofcapitalism;C)Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsycho-analysisasitstheoreticalbase;D)Modernismis,inmanyaspects,areaction