深圳牛津八年级上册 M1Unit1知识点归纳及练习(带答案)

Module1AmazingthingsUnit1Encyclopedias知识网络5ome^any；复合不宦代词惑兴趣的人与场Th已"Turn日门Encycopa已ListeningGrammarSpeakingReadingReadingopa知识清单重点掌握使用some与any及其他复合不定代词。e.g.Thereissomewaterintheglass,butthereisn'tanyjuiceinthebottlookup由动词与副词构成的动词短语，代词需在look与up之间，名词可在中间或后面。e.g.Lookupthewordsinthedictionarylookitupe-难点有s(与any的用法；)me与含有any的复合不定代词的用法。易错点lookup的用法；find与findout的区别。高频考点some与any的区别及含有some与含有any的复合不定代词的用法；复合不定代词的修饰词的位置；find与findout的区别；lookup的用法。€飞谊汇淸单词汇：encyclopaedian.百科全书humanadj.人的dinosaurn.恐龙*Italiann.意大利人inventorn.发明家musiciann.音乐家scientistn.科学家bornv.出生countrysiden.乡村；农村intelligencen.才智；智慧*artisticadj.有艺术天赋的abilityn.能力；才能perhapsadv.可能；大概inventionn.发明notebookn.笔记本includev.包括；包含

evenadv.（强调出乎意料）甚至suddenlyadv.突然；忽然*fossiln.化石dollarn.美元短语howeveradv.然而nobodypron.没有人winv.（在比赛中）赢；获胜inthecountryside在乡村；在农村humanbeing人dieout灭绝；消失findout了解（到）；弄清goforawalk去散步谋梳理第一部分：词汇精讲inventorn.发明家LeonardodaVinciwasanItalianinventor.列奥纳多.达.芬奇是一位意大利的发明家。【拓展】inventv.发明，inventionn.发明musiciann.音乐家LangLangisaChinesemusician。朗朗是一名中国音乐家。【拓展】musicn.音乐，musicaladj.音乐的scientistn.科学家Tomwantstobeascientistwhenhegrowsup.汤姆长大后相当一名科学家。【联想】sciencen.科学bornv.出生Iwasbornin1982.我出生在1982年。【拓展】beborn后可接地点或时间状语。接地点名词时用介词in,接时间名词时用介词on或in（具体到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。LiMingwasborninEnglandonMay8th,1995.--Wherewereyouborn?--IwasborninGuangzhou.countrysiden.农村；乡村ThecountrysidenearGuangzhouisquitebeautiful.广州一带的郊野挺漂亮。【联想】countryn.农村【拓展】inthecountryside在乡下abilityn.才能；能力Hehastheabilitytofinishthetaskontime.他有能力按时完成任务。【拓展】havetheabilitytodosth.有能力做某事includev.包括；包含Thepriceincludesyourbreakfastandlunch.价格包括你的早餐和午餐在内。【拓展】includingprep.包括；包含在内Therearefourpeopleintheteam,includingTom.队伍里有四个人，包括汤姆在内。&evenadv.甚至【用法】常用于系动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，表达某一行动出人意料。如果强调某一成分，可以放在句中其他地方。如：Thequestionissoeasythatakidcananswerit.这个问题很简单，哪怕是小孩子也会回答。【注意】even还可以用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级。Thisroomisevenlargerthanthatone.这个房间比那个更大。howeveradv.然而【辨析】however用于句首、句中或句末均可，常与句子用逗号隔开。而but总位于它所引出的分句的开头。例如：However,shewon'tgowithus.不过，她不和我一起去。Shecan'tsingwell,butshecandancewell.她唱歌不好，但她跳舞好。nobodypron.没有人【拓展】nobody=not…anybody【联想】somebody有人，某人；anybody任何人；everybody每个人【用法】复合不定代词表示单数。第二部分：重点句型從1.Lookitup!查阅一下!【用法】Lookup意为“查阅；查询”，强调的词典、参考书等工具书里查询，而不是把词典、参考书等词作为宾语，应在其后加上介词in,再接词典或参考书的名词。如：Wecanlookupnewwordsinthedictionary.我们可以在词典中查新单词。【拓展】lookup仰视；向上看HelookedupfromhisbookasIcameintotheroom.我进入房间时，他从书本上抬起头来看了看。虱2・Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.从幼年开始，他就显示出了极高的智慧和艺术才能。【短语】（1）fromanearlyage自从幼年起如果要表示“在幼年时期”则用介词at，atanearlyage。还有短语attheageof岁的时候。（2）show的用法：showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.向某人展示某物；把某物给某人看-\3.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.他的画作很出名，《蒙娜丽莎》可能是世界上最著名的一幅画。【分析】famousadj.著名的，相当于well-known,可以做表语和定语。Sheisfamoussportsstarintheworld.【辨析】befamousfor与befamousasbefamousfor因.…，.而闻名HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.befamousas作为.…而著名Heisfamousasasinger.鱼4・DinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.恐龙比人类早6千万年生活在地球上。【短语】morethan“超过；多于”，相当于over,反义词lessthan，意为“少于”。Theyhavemorethanacar.他们有不止一辆汽车。【拓展】nomorethan(=only)仅仅；不过notmorethan不多于；不超过【拓展】million“百万”，与具体的数字连用是，不加-s,后面直接接复数名词。固定短语millionsof...“数百万的……”，其后接可数名词的复数形式，不与具体数字连用。hundred,thousand和million的用法相同。Millionsofpeoplehelpthemindifferentways.Thereareabouttwothousandstudentsinthisschool.Hewrotehundredsofsongs.助记：hundred,thousand和million，有时含糊有时清。清时无-s和of,糊时-s和of跟。一些恐龙像鸡一样小。良5・Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.一些恐龙像鸡一样小。【短语】as...as...“与一样”，当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“as+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“（A与B）—样Thistreeisastallasthatone.【拓展】比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“not/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B“如：Ourschoolisnotsobigasyours.鱼6・WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtokeepanotebook.我小时候，我常常保持一个笔记本。【短语】（1）keepanotebook（2）“usedto+动词原形”意为“过去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“现在已不做”之意。如:IusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.ButnowIusuallyreaditinthemorning.Iusedtogotothatprimaryschool.鱼7・Shecanfindoutaboutmany...她能弄清许多关于【短语】findout意为“了解（到）；弄清；发现”。Iwilltrytofindoutwhobrokethemachine.Readthispassage,andfindouttheanswertothisquestion.【辨析】findout,find与lookforfindout查明，找出指通过观察、探索等努力才查明结果find发现，找到强调结果lookfor寻找强调动作第三部分：语法点拨A.someandanysome意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。现将其主要用法归纳如下:一、some作形容词用时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.教室里有几个学生。Thereissomemilkintheglass.杯子里有一些牛奶。二、some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。例如:Someoftheboysareplayinggamesnow.有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。Ihavenopaper.Pleasegivemesome.我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。三、some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反问句中。例如:Canyougivemesomemoney?你能给我一些钱吗?Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?再来点米饭好吗?Whydon'tyoubuysomeflowersforher?你为什么不给她买些花呢?Ifyouwant（some）,I'llgiveyousome.如果你想要（一些）,我就给你一些。any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。其具体用法如下:一、any作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。例如:Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?你有什么问题要问吗?Thereisn'tanywaterinthisbottle.这个瓶子里没有水。二、any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。例如:Youmaytakeanyofthem.这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope.任何一个头上长有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根绳子。三、any有时也可用于条件句中。例如:Ifyouhaveanytime,pleasecometomyhouse.如果你有时间,请来我家（玩）。Ifyouhaveany,giveussome.如果你有的话,就给我们一点儿吧。B.somebody,anybody,nobody,etc.一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。IheardsomeonesingingwhenIwasatworklastnight.【拓展】由some构成的复合不定代词有事也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Somebodywantstoseeyou.形容词修饰复合不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后面。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?助记：复合不定代词用法歌诀:复合代词不张扬，修饰成分后面藏。单数从此作谓语，何时何地都一样。词汇篇】例1.(★★)首字母填空。I'mplanningtospendsometimeinthebeautifulc.Ilovenature.【考点】本单元词汇。【解析】从Ilovenature可见，本题要表达“我计划到哪个漂亮的乡下过一段时间。我喜欢大自然【答案】countryside例2.(★★★)Steven,couldyouhelpmewhentheplanewilltakeoffontheInternet?I'msorry,mycomputerdoesn'twork.A.getonB.findoutC.lookforD.lookafter【考点】词汇辨析【解析】geton登上，findout弄清，lookfor寻找，lookafter照顾。【答案】C例3.(★★)Footballissoexcitingthatpeopleintheworldplayit.A.millionsofB.millionofC.twomillionsD.twomillionsof【考点】million的用法【解析】“数字+million+名词”表示确数；“miHionsof+名词”表示概数。【答案】A例4.(★★)ThismorningIsomenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.cleanedupD.gaveup【考点】含有up的动词短语的辨析【解析】pickup为“捡起；接(某人)”的意思，lookup为喳阅”之意，cleanup为“清除”，giveup意为“放弃”。【答案】B【句型语法篇】例5.(★★★)他和他哥哥一样高。Heishisbrother.【考点】固定搭配【解析】“像…一样…”用as…as...，两个as之间用形容词或者副词的原形。【答案】astallas例6.(★★)一Doyouhavetosayforyourself?一No,Ihavetosay.A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothing【考点】复合不定代词的辨析。【解析】something一般用肯定句，anything一般用法否定句或疑问句，nothing本身表示否定。【答案】D例7.(★★★)——Thestoryissoamazing!It'sthemostinterestingstoryI'veeverread.一ButI'mafraiditwon'tbelikedby.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody【考点】复合不定代词的辨析。【解析】not...anybody表示没有人，是全否定；not...everybody表示并非所有人，是部分否定。【答案】A【能力篇】例8.（★★★）阅读并回答问题OnFebruary3rd,1949,NewYorkHarbor港）wasanexcitingplace・ManypeopleweretheretogreetashipfromFrance・Ontheshipwere49Frenchrailroadboxcars（火车车厢）filledwithgiftsfromthepeopleofFrancetothepeopleofAmerica・TheseboxcarswerefromthefamousMerciTrain（Merci,aFrenchwordmeaning"thankyou"）・AfterworldWarII（二战），alotoffactories,roadsandfarmsinFrancehadbeendestroyed・ManyFrenchpeoplehadnojobsormoneyandhadlittletowearandlittletoeat・Inthewinterof1947,atrainwassentacrosstheUnitedStates,stoppingincitiesandtownsalongtheway・Ateverystop,peoplegavewhatevertheycould・Factoriesgaveclothingandmedicine・Farmersgavefood・Familiesgavemoney・Evenschoolchildrengaveawaytheirpocketmoney（零用钱）.AllthethingswerethentakentoFrancebyship・By1949,theFrenchhadbeguntorecover（恢复）fromthewar・TheMerciTrainwastheirwayofsaying"thankyou"toAmerica・Frenchpeoplehadfilledtheboxcarswithgifts・Mostofthemwerepersonal,likehand-madetoys,children'sdrawings,orpostcards・Buttheboxcarsthemselveswereperhapsthemostmeaningfulofthegifts・Oneachcar,theFrenchpeoplehadpaintedthepicturesofalltheir40provinces,withanAmericaneagleonthefront・TheboxcarsweretakentoeachstateofAmerica,wheretheywerewarmlygreeted・Nowmanyofthestatesstillkeeptheirboxcars・GiftssentbytheFrenchpeoplecanstillbeseeninsomemuseums・TheMerciTraincameoutofthewar,butitnowremindstheworldthatcountriescanalsoworktogetherinpeace(和平).阅读短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z()1・ManypeoplecrowdedatNewYorkHarboronFebruary3rd,1949to・A.welcometheMerciTrainB・meettheirfamiliesC・haveabigpartyD・startatripbyship()2・In1947,atrainstoppedincitiesacrossAmericainorderto・A.giveawayclothingandfoodB・getmoresoldiersforthewarC・collectthingstohelpFrenchpeopleD・showexhibitionsfromthemuseums()3・Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3refersto(扌旨)・A.theAmericanpeopleB・theFrenchpeopleC・theboxcarsD・thegifts()4・TheFrenchpeoplepaintedtheir40provi