微专题强化训练：阅读理解主旨大意题(含解析)

高一英语微专题九主旨大意题补充练习(一)确定主题句，锁定主旨(2015·北京·D)Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife，mostlyforthebetter.However，socialchangesthatarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(调查)onthistopicsuggestthatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly­protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday'sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren'slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However，greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofthisdiscussion，itseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents'involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege­agechildrenfrequently，wouldthishavebeenpossible？Probablynot.Ontheotherhand，doesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn'tpresentagenerationago？Manystudiesshowthatolderparents—today'sgrandparents—wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermore，studiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew；norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhome.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad；itisafactofcollegelife，todayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnology，weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.Thishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollege.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TechnologyorAttitudeB．DependenceorIndependenceC．FamilyInfluencesorSocialChangesD．CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement(二)据篇章结构，归纳主旨(2015·安徽·E)Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning，andplayasignificantroleinafamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural(农村的)andurbanareaswithinonecountry.Sharingbread，whetherduringaspecialoccasion(时刻)oratthefamilydinnertable，isacommonsymboloftogetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongtheguests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread，sothistraditionhasitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates，piecesofcornbreadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity(兴旺)intheNewYear.InGreece，peopleshareaspecialcakecalledvasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake，whichsignifies(预示)successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild，andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina，whenababyisonemonthold，familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgivingred­coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures，roundfoodssuchasgrapes，bread，andmooncakesareeatenatwelcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.Nutritionisnecessaryforlife，soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.2．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thecustomofsharingfood.B．Thespecificmeaningoffood.C．Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D．Theimportanceoffoodinculture.(三)挖隐含信息，概括主旨(2015·四川·E)NooneissurehowtheancientEgyptiansbuiltthepyramidsnearCairo.Butanewstudysuggeststheyusedalittlerock‘n’roll.Long­agobuilderscouldhaveattachedwoodenpolestothestonesandrolledthemacrossthesand,thescientistssay.“Technically,Ithinkwhatthey'reproposingispossible，”physicistDanielBonnsaid.PeoplehavelongpuzzledoverhowtheEgyptiansmovedsuchhugerocks.Andthere'snoobviousanswer.Onaverage,eachofthetwomillionbigstonesweighedaboutasmuchasalargepickuptruck.TheEgyptianssomehowmovedthestoneblockstothepyramidsitefromaboutonekilometeraway.ThemostpopularviewisthatEgyptianworkersslidtheblocksalongsmoothpaths.Manyscientistssuspectworkersfirstwouldhaveputtheblocksonsleds(滑板)．Thentheywouldhavedraggedthemalongpaths.Tomaketheworkeasier,workersmayhavelubricated_the_pathseitherwithwetclayorwiththefatfromcattle.Bonnhasnowtestedthisideabybuildingsmallsledsanddraggingheavyobjectsoversand.Evidencefromthesandsupportsthisidea.Researchersfoundsmallamountsoffat,aswellasalargeamountofstoneandtheremainsofpaths.However,physicistJosephWestthinkstheremighthavebeenasimplerway，wholedthenewstudy.Westsaid，“Iwasinspiredwhilewatchingatelevisionprogramshowinghowsledsmighthavehelpedwithpyramidconstruction.Ithought，‘Whydon'ttheyjusttryrollingthethings?’”Asquarecouldbeturnedintoaroughsortofwheelbyattachingwoodenpolestoitssides,herealized.That,henotes,shouldmakeablockofstone“aloteasiertorollthanasquare”．Sohetriedit.Heandhisstudentstiedsomepolestoeachoffoursidesofa30­kilogramstoneblock.Thatactionturnedtheblockintosomewhatawheel.Thentheyplacedtheblockontheground.Theywrappedoneendofaropearoundtheblockandpulled.Theresearchersfoundtheycouldeasilyrolltheblockalongdifferentkindsofpaths.Theycalculatedthatrollingtheblockrequiredaboutasmuchforceasmovingitalongaslippery(滑的)path.Westhasn'ttestedhisideaonlargerblocks，buthethinksrollinghasclearadvantagesoversliding.Atleast，workerswouldn'thaveneededtocarrycattlefatorwatertosmooththepaths.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Anexperimentonwaysofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.B．Anapplicationofthemethodofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.C．Anargumentaboutdifferentmethodsofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.D．Anintroductiontoapossiblenewwayofmovingblockstothepyramidsite.(四)由文章内容，挖掘主旨(2015·重庆·A)Atthirteen，Iwasdiagnosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks，Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass，Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandthenwriteonit，allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid，“Mrs.Smith，yousee，thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses，“Youarenodifferentfromyourclassmates，youngman.”Itried，butIdidn'tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithome.Inthequietnessofmybedroom，thestorysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson，LouisBraille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn'tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn'tgiveup.Instead，heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点)，whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.Wasn'tIthe“blind”inmyclass，beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students？Mythoughtsspilledoutandmypenstartedtodance.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed，Iwasnodifferentfromothers；Ijustneededaquieterplace.IfLouiscouldfindhiswayoutofhisproblems，whyshouldIevergiveup?Ididn'texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith，soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextday—withan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords：“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying？”4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B．Ateachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C．Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D．Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.五、.(2013年高考)Imaginationandfantasycanplayanimportantroleinachievingthethingswefear.Childrenknowthisverywell.FredEpstein，inhisbookIfIMakeIttoFive，tellsastoryheheardfromoneoffriendsaboutTom，afouryearoldboywithacancerinhisbackbone.Hecamethroughseveraloperationsandalotofpainbymasteringhisimagination

…

Itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushoulddressasasuperheroforyounextjobinterview.But，nexttimeyouaretestedinawaythatseemsimpossible,imaginewhatitwouldtaketoovercomeit.Becomethepersonyouneedtobecometowinoveryourchallengeanddoitinyourmindfirst.So，letyourimaginationrunwild，anddaretodream.

5.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Totellusaninterestingstory.

B.Tohelpusmakerightdecisions.

C.Toadviseustocareaboutchildren.

D.Toencourageustouseourimagination.

六、..Musicwasnottheonlygulf.Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations,earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits.

Today,thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared,butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies.Conversationsonsubjectssuchassexanddrugswouldnothavetakenplaceagenerationago.Nowtheyarecomfortableandcommon.Andparentchildactivities,fromshoppingtosports,involveafeelingoftrustandfriendshipthatcancontinueintoadulthood.

6.Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.

A.describethedifficultiestoday'sparentshavemetwith

B.discussthedevelopmentoftheparentchildrelationship

C.suggestthewaystohandletheparentchildrelationship

D.comparetoday'sparentchildrelationshipwiththatinthepast

七、.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe'retheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthinkwe'regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,butsometimesit'salothardertothink

suchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge.itistimeyoubuildapositiveselfimageandlearntoloveyourself.

...

Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveselfimageistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuccesses.Thatis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.

...

Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeselfimageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfromobjective,andtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveselfimage.Whenyoucanpat(拍)yourselfontheback,you'llknowyou'rewellonyourway.Goodluck!

7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.

B.Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.

C.Howtobuildapositiveselfimage.

D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.

高一英语微专题九阅读理解主旨大意题--概括文章大意、总结段落大意的方法主备人：路倩审核人：刘海迪问题描述：综观历年阅读理解题的设问，我们可以看出：试题设问手法灵活、提问深入，而且语篇意识进一步加强了；不仅要求学生理解文章的字面意思，还要求学生理解文章的内在含义。主旨大意题旨在考查学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要体现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。一、概括文章大意类题目的主要设题形式：Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Themainpurposeofthisarticleistoshowthat__________.Whichisthemaintopic/ideaofthispassage?Whatdoesthispassagemainlydealwith?Themain/generalideaofthispassageis______________.Thewriterofthisstorywantstotellusthat__________.Thepassageismainlyabout/mainlyfocuseson__________.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethispassage?What’sthesubjectdiscussedinthispassage?方法点拨：每篇文章都会有一个中心，获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文的作用，文中的所有事实、细节都是为此中心服务的。主题句的位置常在文章的首段或结尾段。因此，在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的首段、结尾段及段落的主题句。有的文章没有主题句，中心思想隐含在文章中，比如故事类文章，这需要我们对文章的事实、细节进行分析、归纳和推断，从而概括出文章大意。典例分析：（2012安徽D）InAsia,therearespecialcompetitionswherekiteshavecomplexdesignsandarefittedwithinstrumentsthatmakemusicalsoundsasthewindblowsthroughthem.Althoughallkiteshaveasimilarstructure（结构）,theyarewidelydifferentinsizeandshape.Kite-fightingcompetitionsarealsoheld,inwhichcompetitionsustheirkitestoattackandbringdowntheiropponents’（对手）kitesorcuttheirstrings（线）.Formorethan15years,theBigWindKiteFactoryhasbeengivingkite-makingandkiteflyingclassesforthechildrenonanislandinHawaii.Initskite-makinglessons,studentscanmakekitesinaslittleas20minutes!Childrenasyoungasfouryearsoldcanlearnhowtoflyakite.JonathanSocherandhiswifeDaphnestartedthekitefactoryin1980.theirkitesaremadeofnylon（尼龙）.TheirdesignsareHawaiianthemescreatedbyDaphne.Thedesignsarecutoutofthenylonwithahotknifethatsealstheedgesandthenfasteneddirectlyontothekite.Thekitethatisusedtogivelessonsisregulardiamondkitewitharainbowpattern.Thedifferencebetweenthiskiteandtheonestheymakeduringthelessonsisthatitisatwo-stringcontrollablekite.BigWindemployeesflythekiteandforafewminutesshowstudentshowpullingononelineandthenontheothercontrolsthedirectionthekitegoesin.Thenthecontrolsaregiventothestudents.Jonathaninsiststhatitisnotnecessarytomakeahugeimpressivekitetohavefunmakingandflyingkites.Eventhesimpleststructurecanwork,andcangivehoursoffun.Goon,giveitatry!71.Whatismainlydescribedinthetext?

A.Akitefactory

B.Kite-flyinglessons. C.Specialcompetitions.

D.Thekite-makingProcess.解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了夏威夷岛山的一家风筝工厂在生产风筝的同时，一直坚持给孩子提供制作风筝和放风筝的课程。文章的第一段起铺垫作用，重点是后文对风筝工厂的介绍。B项“放风筝的过程”，C项“特殊的比赛”，D项“风筝制作过程”，都是文中的细节，不能概括全文。故选A。即时练习：AToplistsare

lecturingpeopleoneverything

from"100bookstoread".Aren'tyoujusttiredofbeingtoldwhattodowithyourtime?Nowyouhavealisttoendalllists!Takealookatthefollowingtwoexamplesfromthelistof"101thingsnottodo":SwimwithDolphins（海豚）？Swimmingwithdolphinsisoneoftheworld’smostprofitabletouristactivities.However,everydolphinwillwelcomehavingtheirbusy,tiringdayinterruptedbytouristsscreamingpushingaroundtheminthewater.Worseyet,whendolphinsgettooneartotheboatsloadedtourists,theycouldgetcaughtupinropesandkilledbypropellers(螺旋桨).Here’salittlesecret.Dolphinslooklikesmilingatyou,butactuallythey’rejustopeningmouths.GotoSeetheMonaLisa?Theremustbesomethingaboutthemysterious(神秘的)smile.The6millionpeoplewhovisittheladyintheLouvreeveryyearcan’tallbewrong,afterall.Buttheycanbequiteannoying,standinginfrontofyou,holdinguptheircamerastopreventyoufromseeinganything.Infacthardforyoutoseethepaintingclearlybecauseyouhavetostayawayfromitforsecurityread.Afterqueuingforhours,manytouristscanremaininfrontofthepaintingonlyfor15secondsmost.Ifthemysteriousladyinthepictureknewherfate,shewouldn’tjustbesmiling,shelaughing.So,stilllongtoseetheMonaLisa?Ifyouwanttofindoutmoreaboutthelist,read

101ThingsNOTtoDoBeforeYouDie.

Visitwww.not2dobeforeidie.co.ukandbuythebookata20％

disc.63.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toadvertiseabook

B.TointroduceawebsiteC.Tocommentonpopularlists D.Torecommendtouristactivities.B

OneofmywonderfulmemoriesisaboutaChristmasgift.Unlikeothergifts,itcamewithoutwrap(包装).OnSeptember11th,1958,MumgavebirthtoRichard.Aftershebroughthimhomefromhospital,sheputhiminmylap,saying,”Ipromisedyouagift,andhereitis.”Whatanhonour!Iturnedfouramonthearlierandnoneofmyfriendshadsuchababydolloftheirown.Iplayedwithitdayandnight.Isangtoit.Itolditstories.ItolditoverandoverhowmuchIlovedit!Onemorning,however,Ifounditsbedempty.Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit.Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital.Ithadafever.Forseveraldays,IheadMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”,“pitiful”,and”dying”,whichsounded

“ominous”.Christmaswascoming,“Don’texpectanypresentsthisyear,”Dadsaid,pointingatthesocksIhunginthelivingroom.“Ifyourbabybrotherlives,that’llbeChristmasenough.”Ashesaidthishiseyesfilledwithtears.I’dneverseenhimcrybefore.ThephonerangearlyonChristmasmorning.Dadjumpedoutofbedtoanswerit.FrommybedroomIheardhimsay,“What?He’sallright?”Hehungupandshoutedupstairs.“ThehospitalsaidwecanbringRichardhome!”“ThankGod!”IheardMumcry.Fromtheupstairswindow,Iwatchedmyparentsrushouttothecar.Ihadneverseenthemhappy.AndIwasalsofullofjoy.Whatawonderfulday!Mybabydollwouldbehome.Irandownstairs.Mysocksstillhungthereflat.ButIknewtheywerenotempty;theywerefilledwithlove!59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.

AsadChristmasday

B.

LifewithalovelybabyC.AspecialChristmasgift.

D.MemoriesofahappyfamilyCSportsaccountforagrowingamountofincomemadeonthesalesofcommercialtimebytelevisioncompanies.Manytelevisioncompanieshaveusedsportstoattractviewersfromparticularseetionsofthegeneralpublic,andthentheyhavesoldaudiencestoadvertisers.AnattractionofsportprogramsforthemajorU.S.mediacompaniesisthateventsareoftenheldonSaturdayandSundayafternoons—theslowesttimeperiodsoftheweekforgeneraltelevisionviewing.Sporteventsarethemostpopularweekendprograms,especiallyamongmaleviewerswhomaynotwatchmuchtelevisionatothertimesduringtheweek.Thismeansthetelevisionnetworksareabletoselladvertisingtimeatrelativelyhighpricesduringwhatnormallywouldbedeadtimeforprogramming.Mediacorporationsalsousesportstoattractcommercialsponsorsthatmighttaketheiradvertisingdollarselsewhereiftelevisionstationsdidnotreportcertainsports.Thepeopleintheadvertisingdepartmentsofmajorcorporationsrealizethatsportsattractmadeviewers.Theyalsorealizethatmostbusinesstravelersaremenandthatmanymenmakefamilydecisionsonthepurchasesofcomputers,carsandlifeinsurance.Golfandtennisarespecialcasesfortelevisionprogramming.Thesesportsattractfewviewers,andtheratings(收视率)areunusuallylow.However,theaudienceforthesesportsisattractivetocertainadvertisers.ItismadeupofpeoplefromthehighestincomegroupsintheUnitedStates,tocertainadvertisers.ItismadeupofpeoplefromthehighestincomegroupsintheUnitedStates,includingmanylawyersandbusinessmanagers.Thisiswhytelevisionreportingofgolfandtennisissponsoredbycompaniessellinghigh-pricedcars,businessandpersonalcomputer,andholidaytrips.Thisisalsowhythenetworkscontinuetocarrytheseprogramsregardlessoflowratings.Advertisersarewillingtopayhighfeestoreachhigh-incomeconsumersandthosemanagerswhomakedecisionstobuythousandsof“companycars”andcomputer,withsuchviewers,theseprogramsdon’tneedhighratingstostayontheair.45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.TelevisionviewersaredeterminedbymaleviewersB.RichviewerscontributemosttotelevisioncompaniesC.SportsaregainingimportanceinadvertisingontelevisionD.Commercialadvertisersarethemajorsponsorsofsportevent二、总结段落大意题目的主要设题形式：Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyisthat_____________.Whatbisthelastpafagraphchieflyconcernedwith?WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph3?WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummerizeParagraph1?Whatisthemainideadiscussedinthefirstparagraph?方法点拨：每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。一般说来，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，现提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若文章采用“特殊--一般--特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，文章中没有明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落内容概括出主题句。典例分析：（2012山东D）Forthosewhoaretiredofdoingthelaundry,Samsunghasfoundananswer:awashingmachinethatcantellyouwhenyourlaundryisdoneviaasmartphoneapp(application).

Strangethoughitmayseem—"mywifealreadydoesthat"wasacommonresponseamongattendeesviewingthedevicewhenitwasintroducedattheConsumerElectronicsShow(CES)thisweek—Samsungisjustoneofmanyappliancemakersracingtoinstall(安装)alargenumberofinternet-connectedfeaturesinmachinesinanefforttomakethem"smart".

Lastyear,itwasarefrigeratorthattweeted.Thisyear,it'sWi-Fi-enabledlaundrymachinesandfridgesthatcantellyouwhenyourgroceriesaregoingbad.

Thewashersanddryers,availablestartinginthespring,connecttoanysmartphonethroughadownloadableapplication.Thephonecanthenbeusedasaremotecontrol,sothemachinescanbeturnedonandoffwhiletheirownerisatworkoronthebus.

Samsungsaysit'snotjustsomethingnew—theappconnectionactuallyhassomepracticaluses.

"Ifyoustartedtodryclothesinthemorningandforgottotakethemout,youcangotoyourphoneandrestartyourdryerforthetimewhencomehome,soyourclothesarerefreshedandreadytogo,"saidspokespersonAmySchmidt.

Thecompanyalsosaysthatwithelectricityrate(电价)varyingdependingonthetimeofday,morecontroloverwhenthemachinesareusedcanhelpsavemoney.

Perhaps,butwhattheywillprobablyreallyaccomplishiswhatallgoodtechnologiesdo—enablelaziness.Ratherthangettinguptocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone,userswillinsteadmonitoritontheirphoneswhilewatchingTV.

75.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Thelaundryshouldbefrequentlychecked B.Lazypeoplelikeusingsuchmachines

C.Goodtechnologiesalsocauseproblems D.Televisionmayhelpdothelaundry.解析：段落大意题。前面7个段落都是说明高科技洗衣机带来的便捷，是其积极做的一面。最后一段转折词but说明本段主要讲的是与前面不一样的内容，即“跟所有的好的技术一样--使人们变懒惰”，后一句举例说明了好的技术也会带来问题，故答案为C。即时练习：A

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimas

wellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsfor

yearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryof

CinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

Oneexplanationisthe

lawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additional(额外的)learningtrials(尝试)increasethelength(长度)oftimewewillrememberit.

Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplaying

baseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.

Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexception(例外)tothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,because

they

areanotherofthethingsweoverlearnin

childhood.

Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突击学习)foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthe

subjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghe

learned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.

67.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?

A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.

B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.

C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.

D.Storiesforchildrenarceasytoremember.

BWilderness

"Inwilderness(荒野)isthepreservationoftheworld."Thisisafamoussayingfromawriterregardedasoneofthefathersofenvironmentalism.Thefrequencywithwhichitisborrowedmirrorsaheateddebateonenvironmentalprotection:whethertoplacewildernessattheheartofwhatistobepreserved.

AsJohnSauvenofGreenpeaceUKpointsout,thereisastrongappealinimagesofthewild,theuntouched;morethananythingelse,theyspeakofthenaturethatmanypeoplevaluemostdearly.The

urgetoleavethesubjectofsuchimagesuntouchedisstrong,andthedangerexploitation(开发)bringstosuchlandscapes(景观)isreal.Someofthesewildernessesalsoperformfunctionsthathumansneed-therainforests,forexample,storecarboninvastquantities.ToMr.Sauven,these"ecosystemservices"far

outweighthegainsfromexploitation.

LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthat

wildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areason

toavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.Thereareevermorepeopleonthe

Earth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerely

struggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beingun