英国文学简史打印

ASHORTSTORYOFENGLISHLITERATURE

英国文学简史刘炳善河南人民出版社LectureOne

PartOneEarlyEnglishLiterature(Angle-SaxonLiterature)EarlyEnglishLiterature

(Anglo-SaxonLiterature)HistoricalBackground①TheearliestinhabitantsoftheBritishIsleswereBritons,atribeofCelts.TodaymostCeltslivedinScotlandandWales.②From55B.C.to410A.D.RomansconqueredtheGreatBritain.TheRomanarmywasledbyJuliusCaesar,whowasaveryfamousfigureinancientRome.Consequenceof

Romanconquest:1.anetworkofhighways;2.scoresoftowns,includingLondon;3.Romanlifestyle4.Christianitywasintroduced.③EnglishConquestShortlyafterRomans’retreat,theBritainwasinvadedbyAnglos,SaxonsandJutes.Andbythe7thcenturyOldEnglishemerged.

Anglo-Saxonperiodwitnessedatransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism.

WiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementinBritain,thehistoryofEnglishliteraturebegan.CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiterature

Anglo-Saxonliterature,thatis,theOldEnglishliteratureisatmostexclusivelyaverseliteratureinoralform.Itcouldbepasseddownbywordofmouthfromgenerationtogeneration.Itscreatorforthemostpartisunknown.Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition.Beowulf

—NationalepicofEnglishpeoplePickoutthecharactersinthisstoryandmakesuretheplaceofthestory.Whatarethethreeadventuresmentionedinthestory?Whatarethevaluesconveyedinthisstory?Artisticfeaturesof“Beowulf”1.UsingalliterationAlliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）.2.Usingmetaphor(kenning)andunderstatementKenning:Afigurative,usuallycompoundexpressionusedinplaceofanameornoun,especiallyinOldEnglishandOldNorsepoetry;forexample,stormofswordsisakenningforbattle.understatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayPartTwoMedievalEnglishLiteratureHistoricalBackgroundTheDanishInvasion:KingAlfredtheGreat,whosucceededindrivingtheDanesoffwithforce,conceived“Anglo-SaxonChronicle”,alsoorganizedandsupervisedthewritingprocessofthebook.TheNormanConquest:ItmarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland.(Aftertheconquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.)TheInfluenceoftheNormanConquestuponEnglishLanguageandliterature.TheprevailingformofliteratureinthefeudalEnglandwastheRomance.Bytheendofthe14thcentury,theMiddleEnglishemerged.ConditionsintheFeudalEnglandThechieffeatureofthesocietywasdistinctdivisionintotwoclasses:landlordsandpeasants.ThemiseriesofthepeasantsTherisingof1381TheRomance(骑士文学)Romance:alongcomposition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventuresofanoblehero.Knight

--centralcharacterofromancesItisaspecialgroupofpeopleexistedintheMiddleAgeinEurope.Nearlyallnobleswereknights.However,nobodywasbornaknight.Onenoblemanmustexperiencehardtrainingandthenthekingwillgivehimknighthood.3.Thegreatmajorityoftheromancesfallintothreegroups:mattersofFrance:Charlemagne,averygreatFrenchemperor.查理曼大帝mattersofRome:AlexandertheGreat,averygreatemperorinancientGreece.亚历山大大帝mattersofBritain:TheRomanceofKingArthurandhisRoundTableknights,亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士，iscomparativelythemostimportantforthehistoryofEnglishliterature,especiallytheworkscalled“SirGawainandtheGreenKnight”.格温爵士和绿衣骑士．Malory'sLeMorteD'ArthurItisacollectionofstoriesaboutKingArthur,translatedfromFrenchbySirThomasMalory.WhoisKingArthur?ThelegendsofKingArthurarethefoundationofLeMorteD'Arthur.Amasterpieceinthe15thEnglishliterature.“PiersthePlowman”

（农夫皮尔斯）

–WilliamLangland“PiersthePlowman”isoneofthegreatestofEnglishpoems.Thepoemsetsforthaseriesofwonderfuldreams,throughwhichwecanseeapictureoffeudalEngland,esp.thecorruptionoftheCourtandtheChurch,incontrastwiththehardlifeofthepoorpeasants.PiersthePlowman1.Theexposureoftherulingclasses2.ThestoryoftheCatandRats3.ThemarriageofLadyMeed4.Theconditionofthepeasants5.Thesearchfortruth6.TheclassnatureofPiersLimitations:conservatismSocialsignificance:kindlingthetoilingpeople’ssenseofhumandignityandequalitybeforeGodandplayingapartinarousingtheirrevolutionarysentiment.Artisticfeatureoftheproduction:1.OneofthegreatestofEnglishpoems,writtenintheformofadreamvision.2.theusageofallegory（寓言）,personification（拟人）,symbolism（象征主义),andalliterationTheEnglishBalladsAballadisastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.Features?RobinHood---partlyhistoricalandpartlylegendarycharacter“ThecharacterofRobinHoodismany—sided.Strong,braveandclever,heisatthesametimetender-heartedandaffectionate.Heisamanwithatwinkleinhiseye,amanfondofaveryjokeandaheartylaugh.Butthedominantkeyinhischaracterishishatredforthecrueloppressorsandhisloveforthepooranddowntrodden.”SocialSignificance:showingthefightingspirit,courageandrevolutionaryenergyofEnglishpeasantry.examplifyingtheviewsoftheexploitedclassesoffeudalsocietyChaucer—thefounderofEnglishpoetrythreeperiodsofcreation1.French:RomauntoftheRose玫瑰传奇2.Italian:TroilusandCriseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德3.British:TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集TroilusandCriseydeapoemofmorethan8000lines,isChaucer‘smajorworkbesidesTheCanterburyTales.ItisChaucer'slongestcompletepoemandhisgreatestartisticachievement.ItisthetragicstoryoftheTrojanprinceTroilusandhisbeloved,Criseyde.PlotMorethanaromanceTheCanterburyTales

－Chaucer’masterpieceThestoryopenswithageneralprologue,tellingthatonaspringevening,29pilgrims,andthepoetonthewaytoCanterbury,stoppedataninn.AttheproposalofthehostoftheInn,eachwastotell4storiesonthewaytoandbackfromCant.Hostwouldbethejudge,thebesttellerwouldgetafreesupperatthecostofalltherestupontheirreturntotheinn.Thereshouldbe120storiesaltogether.butonly24taleswerewrittenduetotheauthor’sdeathin1400.

ThePrologue

Itwasconsideredthebestpartofthewholework,whichsuppliesanartisticgroupofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthemedievalEngland.Sofromtheprologue,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.ThatiswhyChaucerhasbeencalled“thefounderofEnglishrealism.TheWifeofBath

---巴斯夫人Thestoryofthemarriedlifeofawomanofthemiddleclass.WemayseeacolorfulpictureofthedomesticlifeofthatclassinChaucer’sday.Socialsignificance:affirmman’srighttopursueearthlyhappinessandopposesasceticism禁欲说praiseman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife;(theforerunnerofhumanism)exposeandsatirizethesocialevilsHisContributionHeintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzasofvarioustypestoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse. HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.ThespokenEnglishofthetimeconsistedofseveraldialects,andChaucerdidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.PartTwoTheEnglishRenaissance

TheRenaissance,whichmeans“rebirth”or“revival”,isactuallyanintellectualmovementwithathirstingcuriosityforclassicalliteratureandthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.

Background

Information:

----theriseofthebourgeoisie

1.TheNewMonarchy

HenryVIIfoundedtheTudorDynasty,acentralizedmonarchywhichmettheneedsoftherisingbourgeoisie.

2.Reformation

Resultofthereligiousreformation--theguiseforthebourgeoisieclassforpower

*Protestantismwasfounded.

*EnglishBibleemerged

TheAuthorizedVersionoftheEnglishBiblewasmadein1611undertheauspicesofJamesI,soalsocalledtheKingJamesBible,whichhashadagreatinfluenceonEnglishlanguageandliterature.3.EconomicalDevelopment:

*TheEnclosureMovement

*TheCommercialExpansion

*TheWarwithSpainAtthistime,theEnglishbourgeoisiecametotheforeinthearenaofhistory.TheRenaissanceAnintellectualmovementTherebirthoflettersSprangfirstinItalyinthe14thcenturyandgraduallyspreadalloverEurope.TwostrikingfeaturesFeaturesofRenaissance1.Curiosityfortheclassicalliterature;2.Keeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.Humanism:Key-noteoftheRenaissance,andtheveryweaponforthebourgeoisietouseinitsfightagainstfeudalismrestrictionsandthedominatinginfluenceofthechurch,whichhadruledmen’smindsforcenturies.TheRenaissanceRenaissanceinEngland:Thetime:mainlyfromthereignofHenryVIII,Edward,MaryandthentoQueenElizabethandJacobeanEraWilliamCaxtonThefirstEnglishprinterTheRecuyelloftheHistoriesofTroy,translatedfromFrench,isthefirstbookprintedinEnglishin1475.ByhisrenderingFrenchbooksintoEnglish,hecontributedtothedevelopmentofstyleof15thcenturyEnglishprose,fixinganationallanguageinEngland,andtothedevelopmentofEnglishcultureasawhole.ThomasMore托马斯·莫尔

----ThegreatestEnglishhumanistUtopia《乌托邦》

----themasterpieceofThomasMoreItwaswrittenintheformofaconversation,inwhichMoregaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthesocialconditionsofEngland,esp.thepeople’ssufferings,andputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.More’sLimitations:norevolutionarywishormovement；Classexploitationstillretains；Neverfindthemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.TheFloweringTimeoftheRenaissanceTheElizabethanPeriodHistoricalBackgroundTheElizabethAge(1558-1603):EnglandenjoyedpeacefuldevelopmentundertheruleofQueenElizabethI,whomaintainedabalanceofbetweentheProtestantsandtheCatholics.In1588,EnglishnavydefeatedtheSpanishArmada,whichacceleratedtheawakeningEnglishpeople’snationalconsciousness;SonnetandblankversewereintroducedtoEnglandSonnet:Afourteen-linelyricpoem,usuallywritteninrhymediambicpentameter.Asonnetgenerallyexpressesasinglethemeoridea.Blankverse:Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.

SirPhilipSidney

----apoetandcriticofpoetryWorks:1.“AstrophelandStella”:acollectionoflovesonnets2.“ApologyforPoetry"(1595):oneoftheearliestEnglishliteraryessaysrepresentthespiritofliterarycriticismoftheRenaissanceWalterRaleigh(1552?-1618)AversatilemanDiscoveryofGuiana,anaccountofexplorationHistoryoftheWorld1.TheShepherd’sCalendarIntroductionApastoralconsistingoftwelvebooks—correspondingtothe12monthsoftheyear,eachofwhichisadialoguebetweenashepherdandashepherdessonlove,religion,nature,orrurallife.ThesignificanceliesinthatitmarkstheappearancetothefirstnationalpoetinalmosttwohundredyearsafterthedeathofChaucer,therealstartoftheoutburstofgreatElizabethanpoetry.2.TheFaerieQueenTheFaerieQueenisSpenser’sgreatestwork.Healmostspent20yearsofhislifeprojectingtwelvebooks,ofwhichonlysixandapartofseventhcompleted.writingaim:tofashionagentlemanornoblepersoninvirtuousandgentlediscipline.EdmundSpenser

---the"Poet'spoet"ThegreatestpoetoftheElizabethanAge.TheFaerieQueenholdsafeastof12days,andoneachdayastrangerappears.Aknightisassignedtoeachguest,andthe12booksweretodescribethe12adventures.Eachknightrepresentavirtue.TheknightsasawholesymbolizeEngland,andtheevilfiguresstandforherenemies.Thedominatingthoughtsofthepoemarenationalism,humanism,andPuritanism,alltypicalofthepoet'sage.Howeverhispoetrylackstwoessentialqualities:powerandunity.Hisverseissometimestoosweet.TheFaerieQueeniswritteninaspecialverseformcalledtheSpenserianStanza.Spenserianstanza:Anine-linestanzawiththefollowingrhymescheme:ababbcbcc.Thefirsteightlinesarewritteniniambicpentameter.Theninthlineiswritteniniambichexameter.JohnLyly

Hiswork“Euphues”waswritteninapeculiarstyleknownas“Euphuism”,whichconsistsintheuseofbalancedsentencesandwordsalliterating,rimingoridentical.FrancisBacon(1561—1626)ThemostimportantprosewriteroftheElizabethanAgeisFrancisBacon,whoisnotonlythefirstEnglishessayist,butalsothefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophyandmodernscience.Bacon'swork“AdvancementofLearning”“NewInstrument”“Essays”Purpose:Essaysisintendedfortheambitiousyouthofupperclasstotellthemhowtobeefficientandmaketheirwayinpubliclife.Drama

---ThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissanceMiracleplays,moralityplays,interludesandclassicalplays—suchweretheformsofdramaprevailinguntilthereignofElizabeth.OtherFactorsConcernedwiththedevelopmentoftheDrama:ThedevelopmentofTheatresLondon:thecenterofEnglishdramaTheaudience:boththegentlemenandthecommonpeople(dominantforce)ThePlaywrights:Whoare“TheUniversityWits”?Theyareagroupofyoungmen,almostallofthemstudiedattheuniversitiesofOxfordorCambridge,andthensetupasprofessionalwriters,sellingtheirlearningandtheir“wits”toLondonpublicofplaygoers,andtothereadingpublicaswell.TheUniversityWits:Lyly,Peele,Marlowe,Green,LodgeandNash.ChristopherMarloweTHEMOSTGIFTEDOFTHE“UNIVERSITYWITS”Representativeworks:Tamburlaine(1587-88),desireforpowerDoctorFaustus(1589),desireforknowledgeandhappinessTheJewofMalta(1590)desireformoneyTamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》Marlowewroteaboutanconqueror,Tamburlaine.PartIisaplayofconquest,dealingwithTamburlaine'srisetopowerfromanobscureshepherdchieftain.InPartIIhisconquestswerefurtherextended.TheplayreflectsthewidespreadfascinationintheRenaissancewiththereachandlimitsofthehumanwill'sdesirefordominion.TheJewofMalta《马耳他的犹太人》Marlowe’sTheJewofMaltaisastudyofthelustforwealth.DoctorFaustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》Dr.FaustusisaplaybasedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicendasaresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil.Theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxcreeds,andanoverpoweringpassion:inTamburlaine,itisambition;inDoctorFaustus,desireforknowledge,intheJewofMalta,greedforwealth.Theyweretypicalimagesoftheeraoftheprimitiveaccumulationofcapital.SocialSignificanceof

Marlowe’splays1.Theseplaysshowthespiritoftherisingbourgeoisie,itseagercuriosityforknowledge,itstoweringpride,itsinsatiableappetiteforpowerwhetherthatbewonbymilitarymight,knowledge,orgold.SocialSignificanceof

Marlowe’splays2.ThethemeofMarlowe'splaysisthepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictonoftheboundlesspossibilityofthehumaneffortsinconqueringtheuniverse.Man'sreasonandpoweriseverything.3.TheheroesinMarlowe'splaysaremerelyindividualists.Theirindividualisticambitionoftenbringsruintotheworldandsometimestothemselves.Marlowe’s

AchievementMarlowewasthegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdrama.Heisthefirstpersonwhousedtheblankverseindrama.Theblankverseinhishanddevelopedanunprecedentedintensity.WilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare“Hewasnotofanage,butforalltime.”----Jonsonagreathumanist,amostpopularplaywrightofhistime,agreatpoet,adramaticgenius,amasteroflanguageAstheGreatestEnglishPoetandDramatistHeleftusagreatwealthof154sonnets,37plays,including14comedies,12tragedies,and11historicalplays,aswellastwolongpoems.TheFirstPeriod

----EarlyPeriodHenryVI,PartII享利六世HenryVI,PartIIIHenryVI,PartIRichardIII理查三世TheComedyofErrors错误的喜剧TitusAndronicus泰特斯·安德洛尼克斯TheTamingoftheShrew驯悍记TheTwoGentlemenfromVerona维洛那二绅士Love’sLabor’sLost爱的徒劳RomeoandJuliet罗密欧与朱丽叶RomeoandJuliet

---TheEarliestSuccessinTragedyaplayofyouthandloveatragicsituationwithcomedyandgaietynothingofpessimisminitlyricalandoptimisticinspiritFeatures:1.Thecomediesarechieflyconcernedwiththeaffairsofyouthandfullofromanticsentiment2.Shakespeareshowedanincreasinginsightintocharacterandmind,andfinallygainedagoodcommandofcharacterizationin“RomeoandJuliet”and“RichardIII”.3.TheFirstPeriodshowsageneraltendencyofthegradualdiminishinganddisappearanceofrhymeastheprincipalimpedimentinShakespeare’sdramaticcomposition.TheSecondPeriod

---MaturePeriodRichardII理查二世AMid-SummerNight’sDream仲夏夜之梦KingJohn约翰王TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人HenryIV,PartI享利四世HenryIV,PartIIMuchAdoaboutNothing无事生非HenryV享利五世TheMerryWivesofWindsor温莎的风流娘儿们JuliusCaesar尤利克斯、凯撒AsYouLikeIt终成眷属TwelfthNight第十二夜Features:1.Thegeneralspiritincomediesisoptimism,butalittlepessimisticfeelingappears.2.Thereisagreatliftincharacterization.Mostnotableistheheroinesofthecomediesandmanyvividcharactersappearinthehistoricalplays.TheThirdPeriodHamlet哈姆莱特TroilusandCressida特洛伊罗德与克锐西达All’sWellThatEndsWell皆大欢喜MeasureforMeasure一报还一报Othello奥赛罗KingLear李尔王Macbeth迈克白AntonyandClaopatra安东尼与克利奥佩拉Cariolanus克丽奥兰拉斯TimonofAthens雅典的泰门Features:1.Manycomplicatedsocialcontradictionsaremercilesslyexposedinhisworks.Therearescenesofmurder,lust,treachery,ingratitudeandcrimeinhisgreattragedies.2.Thecomedieswritteninthisperiodareknownas“dark”becausetheygivesomberpicturesoftheworld.TheFourthPeriodPericles泰尔亲王佩利克里斯Cymbeline辛白林TheWinter’sTale冬天的故事TheTempest暴风雨HenryVIII享利八世Features:1.Thetoneofcalmandreconciliationappearintheplays;2.Shakespeare’shopesandaspirationswiththefutureofmankind.Shakespeare’sfirsttheatricalsuccesswashishistoricalplay“HenryVI”inthreeparts.Withtheperformanceof“HenryVIII”,endedShakespeare’sdramaticcareer.ThefirstperiodmadeShakespearefamous,butitisthesecondperiodthatShakespeare’spositionwassecuredasamatureandhighlysuccessfuldramatistandpoet,admired,praisedandreveredbyeveryone.WilliamShakespeare'sWritingFeatures1.Aplayintheplay.2.BorrowplotsfromotherstoriessuchasRoman,Greekandancientmyth.3.Severalthreadsrunningthroughtheplay.4.Combinationoftragicandcomicelements.TheGreatComedies1.AMid-SummerNight’sDream2.TheMerchantofVenice3.AsYouLikeIt4.TwelfthNightTheMatureHistoriesShakespeare'shistoriesincludetenhistoricalplaysandtheprincipalideaoftheseplaysisthenecessityfornationalunityunderoneking.Inthehistoricalplays,Shakespeare'streatmentofrealEnglishkingsisextremelycriticalandthereisonlyoneidealking--HenryV.TheMatureHistoriesHenryIVItisoneofthemostremarkablehistoricalplaysofShakespeareandcontainstwoparts.TheImageofHenryVHenryVisthesymbolofShakespeare'sidealkingship,whorepresentstheupsurgingpatriotismofthetime.HenryVrepresentsShakespeare'sidealofagoodkingandhisaspirationforthenationalunityofEnglandunderapowerfulandefficientmonarchy.TheImageofSirJohnFalstaffTheGreatTragedies1.Hamlet2.KingLear3.Macbeth4.OthelloTheLaterComediesPericlesCymberlineTheWinter'sTaleTheTempestOwingtotheirtragi-comicnature,theseplaysaresometimescalledShakespeare's"romances".Features?ThePoetryFeaturesofShakespeare'sDrama1.Shakespeareisoneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature.Livinginthehistoricalperiodofthetransitionfromfeudalismtocapitalism,Shakespearefaithfullyandvividlyreflects,throughahostoftypicalcharactersinhisplays,themajorsocialcontradictionsofhistime.FeaturesofShakespeare'sDrama2.Shakespeare'sdramaticcreationoftenusedthemethodofadoption.3.Shakespeare'slongexperiencewiththestageandhisintimateknowledgeofdramaticartthusacquiredmakehimamasterhandforplaywriting.FeaturesofShakespeare'sDrama4.Shakespearewasskilledinmanypoeticforms:thesong,thesonnet,thecouplet,andthedramaticblankverse.Hewasespeciallyathomewiththeblankverse.5.ShakespeareisagreatmasteroftheEnglishlanguage.BenJonson

本·琼森Themostwell-knownsuccessorofShakespeareHisworks:RomanTragedies:1.Sejanus《席阶纳斯》2.Catiline《克琳蒂》Comedies:1.EveryManinHisHumour《人人高兴》2.Volpone/TheFox《狐狸》3.TheAlchemist《炼金术士》4.BartholomewFair《巴托罗缪市集》EveryManinHisHumour

《人人高兴》

thestoryofajealoushusband,acredulousyoungwifeandaboastingcowardsoldier.Volpone/TheFox

《狐狸》toexposethegreedysocialconductTheAlchemist

《炼金术士》asatireonalchemyandmockeryofbothtrickstersanddupesBartholomewFair

《巴托罗缪市集》portrayingapictureofoldLondonlifeJonson:apoetandacriticWorks(poems)TimberorDiscoveriesMadeuponMenandMatter(prosework)the"literaryking"ofhistimethePoetLaureateofJamesIAnadvocateofclassicdrama,aforerunnerofclassicisminEnglishliteraturePartThree

ThePeriodofTheEnglishBourgeoisRevolutionPoliticalBackgroundTheStuartdynastyJamesI(1603-1625)CharlesI(1625-1649)1.ThereweremoreandmorequarrelsofJamesIandCharlesIwiththeirParliaments.2.Severepersecutionshitthecapitalistclassasawhole.ThusarosethedemandforanewgovernmentonthepartoftheEnglishboureoisie.3.1642theoutbreakoftheCivilWar/BourgeoisRevolution“1649beheadingCharlesI”4.TheEnglishCommonwealthItisfoundedbyOliverCromwellandtheparliamentarmy.5.TheSplitwithintheRevolutionaryCampIndependentsvsPresbyteriansTheLevellerstheMovementoftheDiggers6.TheBourgeoisDictatorshipandtheRestorationCharlesII(1660-1685)JamesII(1685-1688)7.TheReligiousCloakoftheEnglishRevolutionTheEnglishRevolutionwassometimescalledthePuritanRevolution.JohnMiltonMilton,oneofthegreatestpoetsofEngland,defendedtheEnglishCommonwealth,theidealsoftheRevolutionwithhispen.LiteraryCareer:

---threeperiodsTheFirstPeriod:HewroteaconsiderablequantityofverseinLatinandEnglish:1.OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity¡¶在基督诞生的早晨¡·2.thetwinlyricalpoemsL’Allegro¡¶欢乐的人¡·IIPenseroso¡¶沉思的人¡·3.Comus:amasque¡¶科马斯¡·4.Lycidas:anelegy¡¶黎西达斯¡·TheSecondPeriodInthisperiod,hedevotedhimselftotherevolutionarywork.Hewrotelittleversebutproducedalargequantityofprose,andpamphlets.1.pamphletstourgethenecessityofthoroughreligiousreform.OfReformationinEngland2.pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce3.Areopagitica：aproseworkinwhichMiltonappealedforthefreedomofthepress.ThisisalsothespeechaddressedtotheHouseofParliament.¡¶论出版自由¡·4.apamphlettoexpressthespiritofgettingridofatyrant.5.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople《为英国人民声辩¡·6.SecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople¡¶再为英国人民辩护¡·7.OnHisDeceasedWife:alovepoem,asonnet8.TheReadyandEasyWaytoEstablishaFreeCommonwealthTheThirdPeriodItisthegreatestinhisliterarylife,thoughheistotallyblindandunderseverepersecution.1.ParadiseLost¡¶失乐园¡·2.ParadiseRegained¡¶复乐园¡·3.SamsonAgonistes¡¶力士参孙¡·ParadiseLost¡¶失乐园¡·

---Milton’smasterpieceItisalongepicin12books,writteninblankverse.ThestoriesweretakenfromtheOldTestament.TheImageofSatan:P.108IntheBible,Satanwasdescribedasanevil,whileinParadiseLostitwasdescribedasahero.BriefSummaryofMiltonP.111SamsonAgonistesApoeticaldramamodelledontheGreektragediesPlotThesimilaritybetweenSamsonandMiltonBriefSummaryofMiltonMiltonwaspoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.MiltonwrotethegreatestepicinEnglishliterature.Miltonisamasteroftheblankverse.Hefirstusedblankverseinnon-dramaticworks.Miltonisagreatstylist.Miltonhasalwaysbeenadmiredforhissublimityofthoughtandmajestyofexpression.JohnBunyanThePilgrim’sProgress

¡¶天路历程¡·“ThePilgrim’sProgress”isareligiousallegory.“TheVanityFair”isawell-knownsectionofThePilgrim’sProgress.TheVanityFairallegoricallyreferstotherealworldwherepeoplehavelostthesenseofhonor,uprightnessandconscience.Inaword,theyarespirituallylost.MetaphysicalPoets

andCavalierPoets玄学派诗人与骑士派诗人

TheMetaphysicalPoetsMetaphysicalisaschoolofpoetryappearedaboutthebeginningofthe17thcentury.JohnDonnewasthefounder.Generallyspeaking,theworksoftheMetaphysicalpoetsarecharacterizedbymysticismincontentandfantasticalityinform.玄学派一般指１７世纪出现的一个诗歌流派。玄学派诗歌一反传统惯例，好用别出心裁的奇喻，追求使人感到新奇甚至震惊的效果。总而言之，它们在内容上晦涩难懂，形式上标新立异。Thepoetsbelonged

tothisschoolare:JohnDonne约翰·多恩GorgeHerbert乔治.赫伯特AndrewMarvell安德鲁.马维尔RichardCrashaw理查德.克拉肖HenryVaughan亨利·沃恩CavalierPoetsTheysidedwiththeKingagainsttheParliamentandPuritans.JohnSuckling约翰.萨克林RichardLovelace理查德·洛夫莱斯ThomasCarew托马斯·卡鲁RobertHerrick罗伯特·赫里克SomeProseWritersRobertBurtonThomasBrowneJeremyTaylorIzaakWaltonJohnDryden约翰．德莱顿ThemostdistinguishedliteraryfigureoftheRestorationPeriod,whowascalledatime-serverbecauseduringthisperiodofrevolutionandcounter-revolution,heturnedwiththetideandalwayspla