八年级上册Unit 2讲义

Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?单词housework['haʊswɜːk]n.家务劳动hardly['hɑːdli]adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚ever['evə(r)]adv.曾经；在任何时候once[wʌns]adv.一次；曾经twice[twaɪs]adv.两倍；两次Internet['ɪntənet]n.因特网program['prəʊɡræm]n.节目；程序；课程；节目单full[fʊl]adj.满的；充满的；完全的swing[swɪŋ]n.摇摆；秋千v.摇摆；旋转maybe['meɪbi]adv.或许；也许；可能swingdance摇摆舞least[liːst]adj.最小的；最少的coffee['kɒfi]n.咖啡；咖啡色health[helθ]n.健康；人的身体或精神状态result[rɪ'zʌlt].结果；后果percent[pə'sent]adj.百分之...的online[ˌɒn'laɪn]adj.在线的adv.在线地television['telɪvɪʒn]n.电视机；电视节目although[ɔːl'ðəʊ]conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是through[θruː]prep.穿过；凭借；一直到body['bɒdi]n.身体mind[maɪnd].头脑；想法；意见；心思such[sʌtʃ]adj.这样的；如此的together[tə'ɡeðə(r)]adv.共同；一起die[daɪ]v.死；枯竭；消失writer['raɪtə(r)]n.作者；作家dentist['dentɪst]n.牙科医生magazine['mæɡəziːn]n.杂志however[haʊ'evə(r)]adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么than[ðən]conj.比almost['ɔːlməʊst]adv.几乎；差不多none[nʌn]pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无less[les]adj.更少的；较少的point[pɔɪnt]n.看法；要点；重点；小数点；目标；分数短语suchas例如；诸如junkfoodn.垃圾食品；无营养食品atleast至少atmost最多hardlyever很少；几乎从不；难得junkfoodn.垃圾；废旧杂物morethan超过；多于；不仅仅；非常lessthan不到；少于stayup(late)熬夜Leave```for``离开某地去另一地方···1.howoften意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。回答可用once/twice/threetimesaday(一天一/两/三次)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，veryoften(经常)等。HowoftendoyouwatchTV?你多久看一次电视？【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征howlong多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间howoften多久一次询问动作的频率often,twiceaweek等howsoon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间howfar多远询问距离多远tenminutes’walkhowmany多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数howmuch多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱how

about

怎么样提议或者询问

books

are

there

on

the

desk?

milk

is

there

in

the

glass?howmuchisyoursweater?--20yuan.

did

he

stay

here?

--About

two

weeks.

does

it

take

to

get

to

London

from

here?

--

At

least

ten

hours.

is

the

river?

--About

500

km.

does

he

come

here?

---Once

a

month.

do

you

visit

your

mother?

----Twiceamonth.

will

he

be

back?

---In

an

hour.

shall

we

know

the

results?

我们多久能知道结果?

---I

don’t

know.

我不知道。

is

your

home

from

school?

--My

house

is

three

miles

from

school.

going

out

for

a

walk?

出去散散步好吗？

your

uncle

now?2.helpwithhousework帮助做家务helpwithsth.意为“帮助做某事”helpsb.withsth.=helpsb._______sth.帮助某人做某事Eg:Ioftenhelphim______hisEnglish.=Ioftenhelphim__________English.我经常帮他学习英语。我帮他找到了丢失的自行车【拓展】1.helponeselfto…请随便吃/喝···Pleasehelpyourselftosomecakes.2.can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事Ican’thelpfallinginlovewiththatgirl.我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。housework意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。1.Theyhavehouseworktodo.A.manyB.much3.sometimes有时辨析：sometimes，sometimes，sometime，sometimesometimes有时候。=attimes=fromtimetotime也是“有时”的意思。sometimes几次。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。sometime某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。sometime一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用howlong。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候”。练习：①WeplantostayinHainanfor.我们打算在海南呆一段时间。②Iamsurethatwehavemetbefore.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。③Ihavelettersfromhim.有时我会收到他的来信。4.hardlyever几乎不比较：hard、hardly和hardlyever①hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”，位于动词之后。Thisgroundistoohardtodig.这块地太硬，挖不动。Theytriedhardtosucceed.他们努力工作，以求得成功。He____________.他工作努力。②Hardly副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，常和can,could等连用。Hecanhardlyplayfootball.他几乎不会打篮球。Thereishardlyanycoffeeleft.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了③hardlyever是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almostnot,seldom。练习：Thereis____________foodleft.几乎没有食物剩下。He____________.他几乎不工作。5．What’syourfavorite...?=What...doyoulikebest？你最喜欢的......是什么？1.What’syourfavoriteanimal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？=__________________________________________6.free意为“空闲的，有空的”反义词busy。befree意为“闲着，有空”eg:：Heisfreenow.他现在有空。拓展：free还可译为“免费的”Eg：Theticketsarefree.票是免费的。7．quitefull=quitebusy很忙，相当忙.=1\*GB3①.adj.full还可译为“满的，充满的”。反义词是empty，意为“空的”。Eg：Thebuswasfullwhentheygotthere.翻译________________________________________.拓展：befullof=befilledwithTheroomisfullofstudents.Thebusisfullofpeople.Thehallis_______people.A.fillwithB.fullwithC.filledofD.filledwith=2\*GB3②fulladj.“饱的”。其反义词是hungry，意为“饥饿的”。Areyouhungryorfull？你饿了还是饱了？Eg：Ican’teatanymore，Iamquitefull.我不能再吃了，我相当饱了。8．maybe“也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。Eg：MaybeheknowsTom.也许他认识Tom。辨析：maybe和maybemaybe“也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybeyouareright.也许你是对的。maybe“可能是，也许是”。为“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）Youmayberight.你也许是对的。LilyanEnglishteacher.Lily可能是一名英语老师。=________________________________________9.atleast意为“至少”。其反义词为atmost“最多”。Eg：Thereareatleast1,500studentsinourschool.10.look、see、watch和read辨析：look为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词at，指看的动作。see着重于看的后果，即“看到，看见”。read多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”实为“读”。watch表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。重要短语1.wantsb.todosth.的否定形式为wantsb._____todosth.Eg：Shewantsmetobringhimsomepens.否定：Shewantsme__________________himsomepens.拓展：1.wantsth.想要某物2.wanttodosth.想要做某事want(sb.)todosth.=wouldlike/love(sb.)todosth.2.begoodfor意为“对……有益”。反义词为bebadfor“对……有害”。Eg:Vegetablesaregoodforyou.蔬菜对你有好处。【拓展】=1\*GB3①.begoodto“对…好”，其反义短语为bebadto“对…不好”。=2\*GB3②begoodat“在…方面擅长”，at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为dowellin。SheisgoodatEnglishandChinese.=ShedoeswellinEnglishandChinese.她擅长英语和汉语。Iamgoodat__________________（play）basketball.=3\*GB3③begoodwith“和…相处得好；擅于和…相处”。Areyougoodwithchildren?你和孩子们相处得好吗？3.Herearetheresults.这是（调查）结果。here位于句首，句子要倒装。Hereis+单数名词。Hereare+复数名词.Eg：Hereisyourjacket.这是你的夹克。4.百分数由percent来表示，构成：基数词+percent，常用“数词＋percentof＋名词”这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看percentof后跟的名词Thirtypercentofthestudents______(like)watchinggameshows.70percentofwater_______(be)saltywater(盐水)。5.surprised惊奇的，感到意外的1.besurprisedatsb./sth./doingsth.对…感到惊奇，Wearesurprisedatthenews.2.besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶。I’mverysurprisedtomeetyouhere.3.besurprisedthat+从句.因…而感到惊讶。I’msurprisedthathecamehereontime.【拓展】surprising令人惊讶的toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地；吃惊地6．theanswerstoquestions问题的答案thewayto···去某地的路thewayhome7.moststudents=mostofthestudents大多数学生1.most+复数名词.Mostbirdscanfly.大多数鸟儿会飞.__________大部分时间2.mostof+限定词+复数名词mostofthegirls,mostofmyfriends3.mostof+人称代词宾格mostofthem/us______thestudentslikereadingthestory.A.MostB.Mosto4.the+most+多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。Thisisthemostbeautifulflower.这是最漂亮的花。如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。Sheisamostbeautifulgirl.她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。8.although“虽然，尽管”。but意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时使用。1.________itrained，theboysstillplayedoutside.=Itrained，___________theboysstillplayedoutside.2.Igetupearly,Ican’tcatchtheearlybus.=Igetupearly,Ican’tcatchtheearlybus.Mycousinknowsalotaboutgeography，heisonlyfouryearsold.A.becauseB.soC.although9.It’s+adj+（forsb.）+todosth.意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。Eg：It’sveryimportanttolistencarefullyinclass.上课认真听讲很重要。It’seasyforustoswim.对我们来说游泳很容易。It’sveryhardforhimtostudyEnglish._____________________________________练习1.Itisveryimportantforus_______Englishwell.2.it’sverynice___you_______myparentsyourbestwishes.3.—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You’dbetternot.It’sbadforyou________toomuchjunkfood.10.by+交通工具乘….by+时间到…..时（为止）by+地点在…..旁边【拓展】through和by的区别、through后常加名词表示手段媒介，throughexercise通过锻炼by后常加工具或v-ing,byworkinghard(bydoingsth.通过做某事)11.suchas例如；像…这样。后面跟名称、代词、动词的ing形式Eg:Ihavealotofhobbies,suchas__________and___________.我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。拓展：suchadj.&pron.这样的；那样的；类似的；作形容词时，其后修饰名词。Tomlivesinsuchalargehouse.汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里。such和so二者都有“如此；这样”的意思，但具体用法相异。=1\*GB3①such用来修饰名词，so用来修饰形容词或副词。Heissuchacleverboy.＝Heissocleveraboy.Sheissuchabeautifullady=Sheissobeautifulalady.It'ssuchfineweathertoday.He

has

a

beautiful

bike.

We

all

go

to

see

it.She

is

a

clever

girl

that

she

can

make

much

progress

in

math

exam.She

is

lovely

a

girl.His

brother

is

young

that

he

can't

go

to

school.I

have

never

seen

a

tall

man.

=I

have

never

seen

tall

a

man.=2\*GB3②表示"这么多(少)的……"名词前有many,

much,

few,

little时,应用so而不用such。so＋many/few/much/little＋n.(复数/不可数名词)Theydidn'thavesomuchtimetodotheirhomework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业。Therearemanypeopleoutside.Thetimeislittlethatwehavetobeinahurry.12.spend意为“度过”或“花费（时间、金钱）”。Eg:Comeandspendtheweekendwithus.来和我们一起度过周末吧。spendtime\moneyonsth.在...上花费时间或金钱.=spendtime\money（in）doingsth.花费时间或金钱做某事Hedidn’tspendmuchtimeonhishomework.=Hedidn’tspendmuchtime______________hishomework.Ispend200yuanonanewcoat.=Ispend200yuan________________anewcoat.Don’tspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV.=Don’tspendtoomuchtime_____TV.Healwaysspendhistimeplayingfootball.=Healwaysspendhistime______football.拓展比较：=1\*GB3①cost的主语是物sth.costssb.＋金钱/时间某物花了某人多少钱/时间doingsth.costssb.＋时间做某事花了某人多少时间Ispend200yuanonanewcoat.=costsme200yuan.=2\*GB3②take常见用法有以下几种：Ittakessb.＋时间/金钱＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。=3\*GB3③.pay的基本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱（给某人）买……。例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)payforsth.付……的钱。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)payforsb.替某人付钱。例：Don’tworry!I'llpayforyou.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)paysb.付钱给某人。例:Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。13.throughprep.以；凭借；穿过Hebecamerichthroughhardworkandability.他凭借辛苦的工作和能力变得富有。Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.through，across，overthrough意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。across意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。over意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。Theywalkedtheparkaftersupper.Iswamtheriverandfeltverytired.Canyoujumpthetable?14.however“然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Eg:Shewasill.However,shestillwenttowork.她病了，然而她依然去上班。辨析：but和howeverbut直接连接前后两个句子，转折的意味比however强，特别表示非常明显的对比，。However“然而，但是”。不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。Eg:1.Itbegantorain,___________,wewentouttolookfortheboy.2.Itasunnymorning，___________itisverycold.这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。15.morethan相当于over。意为“超过，多余”。Therearemorethan2000books.lessthan意为“不到，少于”。其反义词为morethan\over“多余，超过”Eg：Shesleepslessthansevenhourseverynight.他每晚的睡眠时间不到7小时。WeknowTomfor20years.我们认识Tom超过20年了。拓展：less是little的比较级，Shehaslessmilkthanme.16.nonenone与noone,nobody的用法区别1.noone=nobody，两者均只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：________knowsit.谁也不知道。_________likesit.没人喜欢它。注：按传统语法，两者之后均不能接of

短语。2.none+of

短语；Noneofthefoodleft.一点食物都没留下。Noneofthebooksinteresting.没有一本书有趣。none暗示一种数量，“一个也没有”，而noone或nobody指“谁都没有”，回答howmany或howmuch的提问时，通常用none，而在回答who的提问时，通常用noone或nobody。A：HowmanyEnglishbookshaveyouread?你读过多少本英文书?B：一本也没读。A：Howmuchmoneydidyougiveher?你给了她多少钱?B：一分也没给。A：Whowenttoseethefilm?谁去看电影了?B：.谁也没去。练习I.根据句意及其首字母提示补全单词。（10分）1.Henevergoestoadforteethcleaning.2.Don’teattoomuchjfood,it’sbadforyourhealth.3.—What’syourfavoritep?—AnimalWorld.4.HewatchesTVtaweek,onSaturdayandSunday.5.Aftertheaccident,shecouldh________speak.6.Weshouldsleepatleighthours.7.Weshouldeeverydaytokeephealthy.8.Don’tgiveup,asomeofthequestionsarenoteasytoanswer.9.Wethinkthebestwaytorelaxistexercise.10.Shengoestolearnswingdancebecausehedislikesit.II.用所给单词的适当形式填空。（10分）1.Mikegoestoseehisgrandparents_________(one)aweek.2.Hespendsmorethananhour__________(exercise)everyday.3.Hedidn’tgotoschool.Hecould________(hard)readorwrite.4.It’sagoodhabittobrushyour(tooth)everyday.5.Tokeephealthy，Idecide_______(exercise)halfanhoureveryday.6.Look!Yourpetdogis(die).7.Exerciseis(health)forthemindandthebody.8.Yoursweaterisbeautiful.Iwant_________(buy)one，too.9.Howabout(go)shoppingonSundays?10.HeusuallystudyEnglishby(read)itinthemorning.11.Howoften______yourfather______(drink)wine?12．Hismother______(come)toseehimonceaweek.13．Hersister______(notstay)athomeonSundays.14．Theboynever______(eat)junkfood.15．Weshouldtry______(learn)Englishwell.16．Fifteen______(percent)ofthevisitors(be)fromforeigncountries.17．Hereating______(habit)helpherkeep______(health)．18．Hislifestyleis______(difference)frommine.19．OurEnglishteacherwantsus______(read)Englishbookseveryday.She______(say)it'sagoodhabit.20．Myfatherlikesreading______(magazine)aftersupper.III.根据汉语提示，完成句子。（10分）1.Theyalwaysgotobedearly,theynever(熬夜).2.Igoshopping(一周三次).3.Vegetablesare(对……有好处)ourhealth.4.Moststudentsuseinternet(为了好玩)andnotforhomework.5.Heplayssoccer(至少)fourtimeamonth.6.Wefoundonly(百分之十五)ofthestudentsexerciseeveryday.7.--________________(多久一次)doesyourbrotherexercise?--Everyday.8.Sheis(一个五岁的)girl.9.Herparentsarenotverybecauseshe(几乎从不)helpswithhousework.=4\*ROMANIV选择填空（25分）()1.—doyouexercise?—Hardlyever.A.HowmanytimesB.HowoftenC.WhenD.How()2.Janestayuplatebecauseshedidn’tfinishedhishomework.A.hadtoB.mustC.shouldD.mustto()3.Tomstudies_______.He_______playswithhisfriends.A.hard;hardB.hardly;hardlyC.Hard;hardlyD.hardly;hard()4.JaneishighschoolstudentintheUnitedStates.A.a18-year-oldB.a18-years-oldC.an18-years-oldD.an18-year-old()5._____itwasverycold,_____myfriendstillwentswimminginJialingRiverthismorning.A.Although;butB.Although;/C.But;althoughD./;although()6.—Howoftendoyoudrinkmilk?—Idon’tlikeit,soI_____drinkit.A.alwaysB.usuallyC.hardlyeverD.often()7.“85%ofthestudentsinourclasslikeEnglish.”means“_____studentsinourclasslikeEnglish.”A.AllB.MostC.FewD.No()8—DoesAntonyalwaysfinishhishomeworkontime?—Yes,ofcourse.He_____leavestoday’sworkuntiltomorrow.A.alsoB.neverC.onlyD.usually()9—_______doyouusetheInternetaweek?—Twice.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Howtnanytimes()10.—HowoftendoesthetrainruntoJinan?—_____twentyminutes.A.AnyB.EachC.EveryD.Another()11.It’stoodarkintheroom.Hecanhardlyseeanything，______?A.canheB.doesheC.,can’theD.doesn’the()12.Itwas______lovelyweather_____wedecidedtospendthedayonthebeach.A.sucha;thatB.such;thatC.such;asD.so;that()13.Thereareafew____butlittle_____inthecupboard.A.apples;coffeeB.coffee;applesC.apple;coffeesD.apple,coffee()14.Mydad________ateacherwhenIgrowup.A.wantsmetoB.wantsmetobeC.wantsmeD.wanted()15.Ileftmykeysintheroomyesterday.Ihadtogetin______thewindow.A.InB.throughC.overD.across()16.Mr.Liasksthestudents_____intheriver,becauseit’stoodangerous.A.swimB.toswimC.nottoswimD.tonotswim()17..Ifyouhaveatoothache(牙痛)，youcangotoseea_____.A.doctorB.dentistC.teacherD.policeman()18.ReadingaloudisthebestwayEnglish.A.tolearnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns()19.—Ican’tfindmyCDs.—_______youputtheminthatbag.A.MustB.MaybeC.MaybeD.May()20.Peterismybestfriend.Heoftenhelpsscience.A.mewithB,mywithC.meonD.meof()21.—Whatabout_______arest?—OK!Let’sgoforawalk.tohaveB.hadC.haveD.having()22.—Howmanybooksinthebagareyours?—ofthemismine.A.NooneB.NoneC.NotoneD.Noone()A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowlongD.Howoften()24.Whatdoyouusuallydoweekends?A.onB.ofC.inD.with()25.DidyoufindtheanswerthequestionaboutTVveryinteresting?to,watchingB,of,watchingC.to,watchedD.of,watched()25.Althoughtheyfeeltired，______theystillgoonworking.A．and B．butC．/ D．so()26.Hisgrandmotheriswellbecausesheoften______.A．exercises B．smokesC．sleeps D．sings()27.—______dotheyplaybasketball?—Everyday.A．Howsoon B．HowmuchC．Howmany D．Howoften()28.Hismotherwantshim______athometoday.A．stays B．stayedC．tostay D．staying[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]()29．Here______theresults______theexam.A．is；with B．are；ofC．is；of D．are；with()30．Mr.Morgan______knowthewaytothemuseum.A．maybe B．maybeC．may D．perhaps()31．Manyanimals______becausetheweatherwasbad.A．weredead B．diedC．dying D．death()32．Theyusuallygoshopping______.A．oneaweek B．onceaweekC．onetheweek D．onceweek()33．Timisyoung，______，hecanspeakthreelanguages.A．but B．yetC．however D．though()34．Smoking______yourhealth.A．isgoodfor B．isbadforC．isgoodto D．isbadto()35．Idohomeworkeveryday，usuallywhenIcome______home______school.A．to；from B．at；forC．/；from D．from；to()36．Thestudentsexerciseeveryday，andtheytry______themselveshealthy.A．keep B．keepingC．kept D．tokeep()37．______hoursdoyouexerciseeveryday?A．Howlong B．HowmuchC．Howmany D．Howoften()38．Theanswers______thesequestionswerevery______.A．of；interesting B．to；interestedC．of；interested D．to；interesting()39．—How______juicewouldyoulike?—Onekilo.A．many B．muchC．heavy D．often()40.MrWangisleaving________Guangzhounextweek.A.toB.withC.inD.for()41-________isitfromyourhometoschool?-Threemiles.A.HowfarB.HowmuchC.HowsoonD.Howlong()42Itwilltakethemenhalfayear________thework.A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finishes()43.Ioftengotowork________.A.ridemybikeB.bybikeC.byabikeD.onbike()44Goodhealthdepends________goodfood.A.onB.forC.atD.fromV.完型填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）1isaresultofthestudentactivitysurveyatourschool.Moststudentsexercisethreeorfourtimes2week.Somestudentsexerciseonce3twiceaweek.Somestudentsexerciseeveryday.4homework,moststudents5homeworkeveryday.Somestudentsdohomeworkthreeorfourtimesaweek.Moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.6studentsdohomeworkonceortwiceaweek.Theresultfor“watchTV”is7.SomestudentswatchTVonceortwiceaweek.SomewatchTVthreeorfour8aweek.ButmoststudentswatchTVeveryday.9thinkit’shelpfulforthem10TV.Theycanberelaxedandlearnmuchknowledge(知识)bywatchingTV.A.HereB.ThereC.Here’sD.There’s2..A.a B.an C.the D./3.A.and B.but C.or D.so4.A.With B.By C.To D.Asfor5.A.did B.do C.doesD.doing6.A.Not B.No C.Noof D.Noone7.A.interestingB.interestsC.interestedD.interest8.A.timeB.timesC.atime D.sometime9.A.TheyB.Their C.ThemD.Theirs10.A.watchB.towatchC.watchesD.watchingVI.阅读理解Therearefourpeop